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11Бюллетень науки и практики /Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №9. 2022
https://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82
UDC 94 https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/68
AGRIS B50
PECULIAR ASPECTS OF POPULATION GROWTH AND SETTLEMENT OF VILLAGES OF SURKHANDARYA REGION
©Sattarov A., Ph.D., Termez State Pedagogical Institute, Termez, Uzbekistan, [email protected]
ОСОБЕННОСТИ РОСТА НАСЕЛЕНИЯ И ЗАСЕЛЕНИЯ СЕЛ СУРХАНДАРЬИНСКОЙ ОБЛАСТИ
©Саттаров А. Ю., канд. геогр. наук, Термезский государственный педагогический институт, г. Термез, Узбекистан, [email protected]
Abstract. In the article, the number of inhabitants and settlements, its structural structure and distribution reflect natural, socio-economic, geographical factors and characteristics of the level of development of the territory. At this point, it should be noted that it is important to study population growth and its location within the framework of rural settlements. One of the most important tasks of today is to improve population employment and create new jobs based on the development of industry, various services and service sectors in rural areas. The development of rural settlements depends on deepening market reforms in the agro-economic system and increasing their efficiency. From this point of view, development of agro-industrial complex based on cotton growing, fruit growing and viticulture in Surkhandarya will give good results.
Аннотация. Приводятся исторические сведения о количестве жителей и населенных пунктов Сурхандарьинской области. Анализируются данные по структуре и природным, социально-экономическим, географическим факторам, влияюшим на размещение населения териитории. Изучен прирост населения и его размещения в рамках сельских населенных пунктов. В заключении автор дает историческую справку и прогноз о развитии агропромышленного комплекса на базе хлопководства, садоводства и виноградарства в Сурхандарьинской области.
Keywords: population growth, village, agricultural research, Surkhandarya region.
Ключевые слова: прирост населения, село, сельскохозяйственные исследования, Сурхандарьинская область.
Local (indigenous) population living in our country has long been considered the subject and object of the production and consumption process. It is a territorial unit of people, that is, a unique society serves as the basis of territorial organization of society [1]. Population growth, location, socio-economic status, medical condition, mentality, etc., require research by scientists in the fields of demography, economics, psychology, sociology, medicine, and geography [2]. In existing scientific studies, the population is studied at the level of the labor force, labor resource, and the important factor of the placement and development of production networks. In recent years, the population is mainly considered as a social category, and the research of non-productive aspects such as its living conditions and lifestyle, health is becoming important.
In the demographic situation of the population of the villages in our republic, the birth rate is high, and the death rate is relatively low, and this serves to ensure employment in production. The ethnic composition and location of the rural population changes based on three factors. These include: 1. Natural population increase; 2. Migration process; 3. Administrative-territorial changes, i.e. giving villages the status of cities or, on the contrary, reducing cities to the level of villages [3].
Rural population of the Republic of Uzbekistan made up 49.5% of the total population, compared to 1989, this indicator decreased by 11.0%. The absolute increase of the rural population leads to the expansion of the borders of the villages and the expansion of the population settlements in it. The growth of rural settlements is considered a positive process, which creates favorable conditions for the development of modern infrastructure institutions (for example, education, health care, service, etc.).
According to the State Statistics Committee, in 2018, there were 11,831 villages, 1,479 village assemblies and 159 rural districts in our republic. If we compare these numbers with the last population census, it can be seen that the number of rural citizens' assemblies has increased by 247, and districts by 10. The role of geographic and demographic factors related to the increase of population is also high in this change of administrative-territorial units of rural areas.
It is worth noting that the dynamics and geography of rural districts are different across the country. For example, there are 15 rural administrative districts in Tashkent and Fergana regions, while their number is 14 in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Surkhandarya and Andijan regions.
In these years, Navoi and Syrdarya regions have the least number of such administrative units [4]. During 1989-2018, the number of rural districts increased by two in Jizzakh, Fergana, Surkhandarya regions, and by one in Andijan, Bukhara, Samarkand and Navoi regions, while their number remained unchanged in the rest.
The grouping of rural districts according to population indicates that 16 out of 159 districts in the republic have less than 50 thousand people each and their number has decreased from 31 in 1989 to 15. The number of rural districts with a population of 50-100 thousand also decreased during the same period, that is, it fell to 37. At the same time, the number of districts belonging to the group of 150-200 thousand people and above has increased sharply. 37.5 percent of rural districts with a population of less than 50,000 people belong to the Republic of Karakalpakstan and 25 percent to Jizzakh region. There are only 1-2 medium-sized rural districts in Namangan, Samarkand, Khorezm and Andijan regions. There are 6-7 rural districts with a population of 100,000 or more in each of Bukhara, Samarkand and Tashkent regions. At the same time, the increase in the number of districts with a population of 150-200 thousand and above is clearly observed in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Namangan, Fergana, Tashkent and Surkhandarya regions. As a result, the number of districts belonging to this group in our republic increased from 6 to 58 in 1989-2018.
The demographic potential of rural districts is large in the following administrative units: Urgut (369.9 thousand), Denov (304.2 thousand), Chirakchi (301.4 thousand), Shahrisabz (289.3 thousand), Samarkand (274.0 thousand people), Pastdarg'om (267.1 thousand), Kattakurgan (211.2 thousand) and others. Currently, 42,700 people live in Bandikhon, 42,200 in Kanlikol district, 40,300 in Shumanay, 28,500 in Moynok, 23,500 in Yangiabad, 22,700 in Tomdi district and 13,600 in Qarovulbazar. These administrative units correspond to areas that are underdeveloped, most of them are developing in an extensive direction. Population growth in rural districts of the republic has territorial differences. Consequently, their population growth can be grouped as follows. In addition to its natural and mechanical movement, the increase or decrease of the population of rural districts is also related to administrative-territorial changes, i. e., the change of district boundaries or the separation of new districts from them, the transfer of rural administrative centers to the city category, and the inclusion of suburban villages in the city limits [5]. In 1989-2019, the rural population of Uzbekistan grew by 123.6 percent. Surkhandarya, Fergana and Andijan regions stand out in this regard. These territorial units determine the regional characteristics of the republic's demographic development in recent years. Also, the granting of township status to 966 villages in 2009 has a serious impact on the territorial structure of the rural population.
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №9. 2022
https://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82
In the analyzed years, the growth of the rural population of the Republic of Karakalpakstan, Navoi, Syrdarya and Tashkent regions was low. Comparing the results of this grouping with previous years, it was found that the growth of the rural population of the regions was not always the same. In particular, in 1995-2018, the average annual growth rate of the population in rural areas of all regions was much higher than in 2000-2018. If the growth dynamics of the population of the regions is considered separately, it is noted that the rural population grew much faster in 1990-1999. On the contrary, in 1999-2006, a relatively decreasing process took place. For example, the rural population of the republic increased by 102.1% in 1997-1998, while in 2003-2004 this indicator decreased to 101.5%. Such a decline in population growth rates is observed in the rural population of all regions. However, in 1990-2006, the growth of the rural population of the regions was not the same in all years. For example, in 1993-1994, 1994-1995, 1995-1996, the highest rate of population growth was achieved. In these years, as above, Khorezm, Surkhandarya, Kashkadarya, Andijan regions had a high level of population growth. For example, Surkhandarya region took first place with 104.2 percent in 1994-1995, 103.4 percent in 1995-1996, and 102.3 percent in 1998-1999. In 1999, the growth of the rural population of Kashkadarya region equaled the indicator of Surkhandarya region. Since this time, the growth rate of the population of Surkhandarya region has been decreasing by 0.2% per year. According to the growth rate of rural population in 2009-2019, the highest rate corresponds to Surkhandarya region, i.e. 129.8 percent [6]. Changes in the level of territorial integration of the rural population in the republic determine the demographic potential of each region . In particular, the population of the villages in the south of our country is 1/5 of the population of the republic's villages. As it can be seen from the given data, the level of territorial integration among the rural population in the economic regions of Mirzachol, Tashkent and Fergana gradually decreased, while this indicator remained unchanged in the economic region of Zarafshan. Among all economic regions, Fergana economic region takes the first place in terms of the weight of the rural population. The second place belongs to Zarafshan economic region. 12.8 percent of the country's rural population lives in Samarkand region. The steady growth of rural population in the republic is clearly visible in Bukhara, Samarkand, Syrdarya, Tashkent, Fergana and Khorezm regions [7].
Today, the development of the system of economic and social infrastructures in rural areas, improving the living standards of the population is of great importance in the socio-economic development of the regions. Raising the national economy, improving the living conditions of the population in the context of the implementation of economic reforms in rural areas, and social protection of a certain stratum of the population are urgent issues. Social infrastructure networks, aimed at improving the daily needs and living conditions of the population, have a special role in this, especially in providing services, that is, education, health care, housing and other areas [9].
The main part of the area of the region is occupied by mountains and mountain ranges, the areas suitable for agriculture make up 30% of it [8]. In terms of natural geography, it is possible to see the location of the rural population in areas close to water sources. These are. The Hisar mountain ranges, the eastern side of the Bobotog ridge and the densely populated Surkhan-Sherabad valley plains [10].
The high rate of demographic growth of the rural population of the Republic of Uzbekistan and the relatively low death rate contribute to the rapid growth of the population. The growth of the rural population changes mainly on the basis of three factors. natural increase of the population, residual migration and administrative -territorial changes, i.e. giving villages the status of cities or, on the contrary, reducing cities to the level of villages [11].
In our country, the natural increase of the population occupies a leading position compared to other factors in the increase of the demographic potential of rural settlements. The growth and
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №9. 2022
https://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82
location of the rural population in the republic, the high natural increase of the population, the low level of urbanization, the weight of the rural population in the total population is increasing year by year [12]. The population appears as a productive force and the main consumer in the development of society. In this regard, the history of mankind requires the study of problems related to population. The demographic situation is a complex social, economic, geographical and political process, which reflects the growth of the country's population, its sources — natural reproduction, population migration and settlement, urbanization, national and social structure of the population, family structure, labor resources and the level of employment.
A new demographic situation arose in Uzbekistan during the years of independence. This demographic situation is completely different from the former union. The demographic situation is primarily reflected in the main demographic processes: birth, natural reproduction, migration and urbanization. This is reflected in the decrease in the periodic growth rate, the decrease in the birth rate, the decrease in the level of urbanization, the decrease in the rate of population growth and the increase in the absolute number of the population [13].
Demographic processes in each region, in turn, are influenced by many factors. 1990 and 2009, the absolute population of Uzbekistan increased by 7.7 million people. From 1939 to 2004, i.e. during 65 years, the population of the republic increased 4.0 times, while this indicator was 6.4 times in urban areas and 3.3 times in rural areas. In particular, in 1939-1959, the total population grew by 127.9%, the urban population by 185.6%, and the rural population by 108.5%.
In 1959-1970, the total population of the republic grew by 145.3%, while the urban population grew by 158.4% and the rural population by 141.3%; the average one-year increase was 4.25 percent and 3.20 percent. Here it can be said that these are the years when Uzbekistan had the highest indicators of its historical demographic development. During 1979-1989 , the population of Uzbekistan grew by 128.7%, urban population by 126.7%, and rural population by 130.1% [14].
It can be seen that since this period, the demographic development of the rural areas of the republic was superior to that of the cities and towns. the average annual increase of the rural population reached 2.70 percent, while in urban areas this indicator was 2.40 times. This weakening of the urbanization process began approximately from the second half of the 80s of the 20th century, because in 1984 the share of the urban population rose to 42 percent, and after that it gradually decreased.
One of the factors affecting the demographic situation is the growth rate among the population. In turn, family relations also affected population growth. In 1991, 12,900 marriages were registered in Uzbekistan, while divorces amounted to 1,600 this year. By 2006, we can see that 7,800 marriages were registered in our republic, and 600 divorces. In 1997, there was 1 divorce for every 8,900 marriages [15].
A system adopted at the state level of unified means and unity of ideas, which provides for achieving a certain quality and quantity in the field of population regeneration and dynamics for the current period and long-term perspective [16]. Implementation of the demographic policy means, first of all, improvement of public health, family support, and secondly, improvement of the use of labor resources in the republic, provision of employment to the population, adoption and implementation of improvement and social protection programs.
In the study of demographic composition and processes in Uzbekistan, the data of the population census conducted in the territory of the country are also of great importance. Census materials conducted in 1897, 1926, 1939, 1959, 1979, 1989 are one of the main sources for the study of demographic processes.
Periodic changes in the number of villages also have regional differences. For example, the villages located in the north — eastern region of Surkhandarya region are distinguished by the
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №9. 2022
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relatively large number of villages. Villages here are scattered along streams and rivers, around roads, and the population density is relatively low. On the contrary, there are few villages in the densely populated southern and southwestern districts [23]. Most of the villages of the province are located along the Termiz-Denov highway and the Surkhandarya valley 61.1% of the total number of villages are located in the areas crossed by this transport and river from the center of the region to the northeast. S. A. Kovalyov considers settlements of up to 1000-2000 people to be large for rural areas. Because there are sufficient conditions for expansion and development of service areas in such settlements [15]. In accordance with the regulations adopted in our republic at present, QAM up to 1000 people is small, up to 1000-3000 people — medium, 3000-5000 people — big and villages with a population of more than 5,000 people are considered large (data from the Uzqishloqloyiha Institute, 2002).
According to the data of 2018, the number of large villages in our republic is more than 300 (2.5%), large villages — 890 (7.6%), medium-sized villages — about 4300 (36.3%) and the rest (53.6%) is part of small villages. From this point of view, large and large villages are mainly located in Namangan (176) and Andijan (165) regions. The Republic of Karakalpakstan, Bukhara and Samarkand regions are distinguished by the number of small villages. Surkhandarya region occupies an average position in this regard. Here, in general, rural settlements of medium appearance make up the majority.
Villages with up to 500 people make up 12.0% of the total number of villages in the province and take the third place in terms of number. Villages with a population of 501-1,000 people (20.3%) are second, and villages with a population of 1,001-3,000 are on the first place. Also. the least number of villages with a population of more than 5,001 people, that is, only 16 [18].
The fact that the territory of Surkhandarya region consists of plains, lowlands, river valleys, hills and hills, mountain slopes and highlands has a great influence on the diverse distribution of population settlements, their specific specialization and the formation of infrastructure [19]. For this reason, taking into account the surface structure of the region and economic specialization, they can be divided into two large regions, which are sharply different from each other. The first region occupies a very large area in the Surkhan-Sherabad valley in the southern and central part of the region. In this region, irrigated agriculture is mainly located in plains and plain-mountain regions, districts specializing in cotton growing, grain growing, vegetable growing, horticulture, beekeeping, sericulture and dairy and meat breeding, cattle breeding and meat and wool sheep. The area of these districts is 51.0% of the territory of the region, and 71.6% of the rural population lives here. 10 out of 14 districts belong to this zone. Include Boysun, Sariosiyo, Uzun and Altinsoy districts specializing in mountain pasture horticulture and animal husbandry, meat-wool sheep and meat-dairy animal husbandry, and horticulture and viticulture in river valleys. Among these districts, Boysun district corresponds to the typical mountain zone. Due to the fact that some villages in the remaining districts are located on the mountain slopes, streams and valleys, they can also be included in the mountain pasture zone [20]. For example, the villages of Chosh, Khanjiza, Okmachit in Uzun district, Katta Vakhshivor, Aksuv, Duoba, Badihavo, Chinor, Sariosia district in Altinsoy district, Topolang, Tamshush, Shotrut, Khufar are located in the mountain-pasture region.
Surkhandarya region ranks seventh in the republic in terms of population. According to the data of January 1, 2009, its population is 2033.1 thousand people, of which 1777.6 thousand people or 62.8 percent are rural residents. This region, which has always been in the highest place in our country in terms of its demographic potential and population growth rate, owns 7.4% of the total population of the republic and 4.5% of the territory. The population of the region is increasing year by year mainly due to natural increase. For example, according to the population census of 1989, the total population of Surkhandarya was equal to 1253.8 thousand people, and during the next 10
Бюллетень науки и практики / Bulletin of Science and Practice Т. 8. №9. 2022
https://www.bulletennauki.ru https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82
years, it increased by 450.9 thousand people or increased by 135.4 percent, or the average annual growth rate was 3.05 percent [21].
Districts of Surkhandarya region can be grouped as follows according to the growth rate of rural population:
-Districts with low average annual growth rate (1989-2018) (up to 1.46%). Angor, Boysun,
Uzun.
-Districts with average annual growth rate (1.47-2.27 percent). Qiziriq and Sariosiya.
-Districts with a high rate of increase (2.27-3.10 percent) include Shorchi, Sherabad, Termiz, Altinsoy, Muzrabod, Kumkurgan, Jarkurgan and Denov. In such differences between districts, the effect of geographical and demographic factors was significant [22].
The village is the lowest link in the administrative territorial system of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the socio-economic character of the village depends on the extent to which the population uses the land, and the natural and geographical conditions of the place. Therefore, the villages were historically large and small. Accommodations are arranged accordingly. Basing on the principles of natural and economic zoning in improving the composition of rural settlements in our region gives good results. This requires a different approach to the problems and prospects of rural settlements located in different natural and geographical regions and specialized in different economic sectors. In particular, the socio-economic and economic conditions of the villages specialized in urban agriculture (Termiz district), developed farming in plain areas (Muzrabot, Angor, Sherabad, Shorchi) or mountain and sub-mountain districts (Boysun, Sariosiyo, Oltinsoy, Denov) adapted to animal husbandry, horticulture, viticulture. demographic development should be assumed to be in different directions [24].
In short, the inhabitants of the villages of the district of Surkhandarya region are united into village councils and neighborhoods. The location of rural settlements and the population reflect the specific features of the socio-economic geography of the region. These data, in turn, are of great practical importance in various socio-economic problems, including the development of the infrastructure system.
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Работа поступила в редакцию 17.06.2022 г.
Принята к публикации 21.06.2022 г.
Ссылка для цитирования:
Sattarov A. Peculiar Aspects of Population Growth and Settlement of Villages of Surkhandarya Region // Бюллетень науки и практики. 2022. Т. 8. №9. С. 617-624. https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/68
Cite as (APA):
Sattarov, A. (2022). Peculiar Aspects of Population Growth and Settlement of Villages of
Surkhandarya Region. Bulletin of https://doi.org/10.33619/2414-2948/82/68
Science and Practice, 8(9), 617-624.
