CC BY
59
Cloud of Science. 2017. T. 4. № 1 http:/ / cloudofscience.ru
Selected Aspects of Business Intelligence IT systems
L. Siemieniuk*, N. Siemieniuk*, T. Siemieniuk**
*University of Bialystok Warszawska 63; 15-062 Bialystok, Poland
**University of Finance and Management in Bialystok Ciepla 40; 15-472 Bialystok, Poland
e-mail: [email protected]; [email protected]; tomasz.siemieniuk@wsfiz. edu.pl
Abstract. The implementation of Business Intelligence systems within a company facilitates more effective advertising campaigns and continuous growth of its offer of products or services. For a production company the introduction of a new product onto the section of the market which is already occupied by other companies becomes crucial and in those cases BI tools may be very helpful. The aim of this work includes the description of Business Intelligence systems and the presentation of benefits which are gained through the use of such tools. The paper has been divided into four parts with every portion dealing with a different issue concerning the function of Business Intelligence systems.
Key words: Business Intelligence systems, business analytics, data warehouse.
1. Introduction
In the era of progressing business informatization companies are using a rising number of new tools for everyday operations. From the perspective of the company's function as well as the expansion of the range of its products or services the implementation of appropriate analytical tools becomes crucial. This publication concerns the characteristics of Business Intelligence, or BI, systems. BI tools aid the analysis of the market and sales of particular products or services. The more information is gained about a given product or service the more likely it is that it will become successful as part of a competitive market. The fact that analyses are conducted using historical data is also important.
The implementation of Business Intelligence systems within a company facilitates more effective advertising campaigns and continuous growth of its offer of products or services. For a production company the introduction of a new product onto the section of the market which is already occupied by other companies becomes crucial and in those cases BI tools may be very helpful.
The aim of this work includes the description of Business Intelligence systems and the presentation of benefits which are gained through the use of such tools. The paper has
been divided into four parts with every portion dealing with a different issue concerning the function of Business Intelligence systems.
2. The nature of Business Intelligence systems
To this day an adequate translation of "Business Intelligence" into Polish has not been found. Various terms can be found in literature: management information, economic information system, economic enquiry, white enquiry, intelligent business or business intelligence. It seems, however, that none of these terms fully convey the meaning of Business Intelligence (BI) [1].
The term Business Intelligence was used for the first time a while ago since it was coined by H. Dresner from the Gartner Group [2, p. 63] in the 1980's. Business Intelligence is defined by the Gartner company as "a customer oriented process of data collection, exploration, interpretation and analysis which leads to the improvement and rationalization of the decision making process. These systems support the management staff in making business decisions aimed at increasing the enterprise's value" [3, p. 13].
A fitting definition of Business Intelligence is presented by the searchCRM.com portal describing it as: "a broad category of applications and technology for the gathering, analysis and providing access to data aimed at facilitating business employees' decision making process. BI applications include decision support systems (DSS), query and reporting systems (Q&R), online analytical processing systems (OLAP) and data mining systems" [1].
A Business Intelligence (BI) system may be defined as "a customer oriented process connected to data collection, exploration, interpretation and analysis which aims at the improvement and rationalization of the decision making process. Business Intelligence systems may be treated as a combination of processes, tools and technologies whose main task is to support management staff in their decision making" [4, p. 82-83].
The meaning of Business Intelligence, also called business analytics, is very extensive. Simply speaking it is a process of processing data connected to the company and its operations which, when used correctly, increases the competiveness of the enterprise. BI gathers in one place data from various IT systems [5]. Additionally, Business Intelligence also encompasses the transformation of data into information and information into knowledge which aims at optimizing business processes. BI solutions permit gaining access to necessary information at any moment. Analytical environments gather and integrate data from various sources, process it in a clear and understandable manner and then make it available to users [6].
After analyzing the opinions about BI systems from above it can be concluded that their main function is to transcribe particular data into information and knowledge and create an environment for effective decision making, strategic thinking and activity with-
in an organization. The fact that they prove themselves at all levels of management regardless of the complexity of their structure is an indisputable advantage of BI systems [2, p. 68-70].
As mentioned earlier BI systems may be applied at any level of management. During strategic planning they allow the precise formulation of goals and monitoring the level of their realization. They allow the formulation of various comparisons. At the tactical level BI systems provide data upon which decisions concerning marketing, sales, finances and management of capital may be based. They also enable the optimization of future activities and properly modify organizational, financial or technological aspects of the enterprise's function in a manner which permit it to realize strategic goals more effectively. At the operational level BI systems support ad hoc analyses, answer questions concerning current department operations, actual state of finances as well as sales and cooperation with suppliers and customers [2, p. 71].
Most Business Intelligence software is equipped with functions making basic reporting and analysis possible. Not all of them, however, provide tools for the management of effectiveness or social cooperation. Every organization should decide for itself which of these functions are important for its operation and check whether a given system has the right functionality [7]. Regardless of the way an organization views those functions offered by a given Business Intelligence system it can still focus on those which are significant for the type of business they conduct. Business Intelligence software varies not only by price but mainly by functions which may be more important to some companies but less so to others. Therefore, the selection of such software should be connected with actual needs of the company and, therefore, defined by the information concerning the system's abilities and it's most important functions [7].
Information provided by BI systems facilitates control of significant parameters regarding the operation of the enterprise and its environment. This facilitates making decisions which are more suitable and more accurate. These systems, through improving the decision making process, the quality of expert opinions, forecasting event scenarios and the development of good business practices, help to increase the organization's effectiveness and, consequently, its value [8].
Business Intelligence (BI) systems support the decision making process of an organization. If they are to fulfill this task they must have access to data which is of sufficient quality and is in the correct format to make it appropriate for use in creating various types of analyses [4, p. 82-83]. BI systems allow for the gathering and verifying business information but they are also a set of technologies for the acquisition, gathering, sharing and analysis of information concerning an organization. BI, therefore, is a process of acquiring of significant, very high quality data which helps a person or people in the analysis of information, drawing conclusions and formulating assumptions [4, p. 93].
BI systems are characterized by a specific set of features and capabilities [2, p. 6768]:
1. BI systems support decision makers in selecting information, associating facts as well as drawing conclusions and sharing information. The main task of BI is to ensure intelligent exploration, integration, aggregation and multi-dimensional analysis of data. These systems support the processes of analyzing a situation demanding a decision and generating decisions regardless of the complexity level of their structure.
2. BI systems are a set of systems supporting decision-making, incidence (precedent) based systems for drawing conclusions as well as systems for context information retrieval which, on the basis of past experiences, create a readiness which is essential for fast and accurate decision making.
3. BI systems are defined as a set of various concepts, methods, processes which make use of information from different sources and which contribute to improved decision-making and better understanding of business dynamics.
4. BI solutions are meant to support the processes of decision-making through data analysis gathered in various transaction systems. This facilitates both the assessment of the current state within the organization's individual areas as well as the extrapolation of the future. The utilization of scenario analysis techniques makes the process of strategy formulation for a given organization especially effective.
5. BI systems focus on the future and their ability to create models of various scenarios permits the creation of simulations of potential events which may occur in the future and the formulation of reaction plans for every situation.
6. BI systems offer interactive access to data in real time. The accumulation of and simplified access to information prevents loss of knowledge.
7. BI systems are mainly meant to be used by management staff and specialists concerned with strategy formulation and analyses resulting in arriving at decisions which are important to the development of the company. In combination with modern methods of management they could improve the organization's efficiency leading to an increase in its value.
8. BI systems are responsible for the analytical processing of as well as fast access to and the presentation of appropriate information to high level managers, analysts and employees whose task it is to manage knowledge.
9. BI systems concern the active process of information analysis focused on decision-making. They include the integration of key information with important context information meant to detect significant events and explain unclear issues connected to decision-making. They also concern the ability to monitor business trends and the prediction of changes and customer behavior.
3. Business Intelligence tools and models
BI tools can be presented as a pyramid which includes [4, p. 103]:
- Data warehousing systems;
- Reporting and query systems;
- Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) systems;
- Statistical analysis, forecasting and data mining systems.
Within the BI pyramid a data warehouse is a central repository of all significant data gathered by various business systems of an enterprise. It integrates different data sources, standardizes formats, ensures the safety of the data and manages access to them. Data collected in a data warehouse concerns a defined range of subjects facilitating the performance of specific analyses. Before the data goes into the data warehouse it must first be processed and modified. Data placed in a data warehouse can be used in higher levels of the BI pyramid. BI applications can be divided into two groups on the basis of the following aspects: the frequency of their use and the number of users accessing them as well as their complexity and business potential [4, p. 103].
Reporting and query systems are general access reports which can be used by the end-user but which are initially prepared by programmers. These systems allow texts to be augmented with tables and graphs as well as permit the distribution of personalized reports throughout the entire enterprise. These tools are available to most users [4, p. 103— 104].
Online Analytical Processing (OLAP) allows the creation of multi-dimensional analyses in real time as well as the calculation of aggregates, trends and forecasts [4, p. 104]. OLAP facilitates the quick and intuitive analysis of large amounts of data which has been adjusted to the user's needs concerning its profile, complexity or according to rights of individual users. OLAP tools present transactions, usually stored in relational databases, as multi-dimensional logical structures or so called views. This data is then organized into multi-dimensional OLAP cubes which store this data in a form more akin to multidimensional spreadsheets than a traditional, relational database. A cube allows the data to be presented and viewed from various points of view which makes it more beneficial to the user. OLAP may be implemented as Relational OLAP (ROLAP), Multidimensional OLAP (MOLAP) or Hybrid OLAP (HOLAP). Basic techniques of multidimensional analysis include data mining (forward and backward), interactive change of dimensions being analyzed and transitioning from aggregated data to detailed data [9, p. 56].
A special place in the analysis of the data is Google and its analytical tools-cal, most of which are available free of charge. Google Analytics is a typical wholesalers-of data built on a network of servers, which offers standard OLAP reports [10, p. 282].
Data mining tools make possible automatic querying for data patterns or dependencies and correlations. At the top of the pyramid we are dealing with tools which present greater analytical capabilities [4, p. 104]. This type of predictive processing facilitates the anticipation of organizational and market behaviors as well as business modeling, forecasting of the future and plan creation. Data mining differs from OLAP because instead of verifying existing hypotheses it is used to generate new ones [11].
Application of Business Intelligence tools results in access to quick information concerning the company's most important indicators such as data related to: customers, the competition, business partners, economic status and internal operations [12, p. 67-82].
Practice shows that organization may choose different BI solutions, ones which have varying function, range of influence, level of support for decision making and applied techniques. According to C. Olszak the most noteworthy of the most important BI models, described in more detail in table 1, include [2, p. 89-90]: Data marts; BI systems based on a global data warehouses; BI systems using a highly developed predictive analysis; Real time BI systems; BI systems monitoring current business activity; BI portals; BI networks.
Table 1. Selection of the most important BI models
Source: [2, p. 89-90]
Type of BI Functions Range of influence Type of support for decision making Techniques applied
Data warehouses organized by subject Ad hoc analyses, comparative lists Narrow, limited to a given department (eg. sales) Operational, structured Reporting, OLAP
Global data warehouses Multisectional analyses The entire company Operational, tactical, strategic OLAP, data mining
BI with highly developed predictive analysis Forecasting of event scenarios Narrow, limited to a chosen aspect of the company's operation Operational, tactical, strategic OLAP, AP
Real time BI Monitoring of current activity, detection of disruptions Narrow, limited to a chosen aspect of the company's operation Operational, structured EII
Corporate BI Corporate management, creating policy to promote loyalty Value chain partners Operational, tactical, strategic ETL, data mining
BI portals Content and documentation management, teamwork Isolated communities Operational, tactical, strategic Internet, Web mining, CMS, group-work techniques, personalization
BI networks Building networks of experts, social, capital management Global, various communities Operational, tactical, strategic Web mining, Web farming
4. Selected areas where Business Intelligence systems may be implemented
In practice there is a wide range of areas in which Business Intelligence systems can be used. This publication focuses only on the main areas using BI solutions.
The first area where it is possible to see the application of BI Tools is the Balanced Scorecard (BSC). It is a central element of a company's management system which facilitates better organization of management processes and permits the transposition of the company's strategy into particular aims concerning various areas of its activity. The goal of the Balanced Scorecard is to focus the company's efforts on fulfilling strategic aims, the fast assessment of the progress in the realization of the enterprise's goals as well as on making eventual corrections. The Balanced Scorecard is based on strategic areas and key factors, defines how strategy realization will be measured and helps to portray the company's strategy. Successful communication of the company's strategy leads to an increase of engagement of employees in its operations. The authors of this concept stress that the implementation of the Balanced Scorecard creates a solid foundation for both creating compensation systems as well as motivation systems connected to measurable results [13]. Another area in which BI systems are used is Budgeting and Controlling. This is an area in which the application of BI solutions facilitates the construction of budgeting cycles. Controlling is defined as a process of planning, coordination and control of the course of economic processes to keep the organization on the path of achieving its strategic aims [13].
Financial analyses are a very significant area in which BI solutions are implemented. Business Intelligence expedites the assessment of the effectiveness of the company's operations and also, depending on parameters set, allows the formulation of forecasts, comparison of financial parameters to industrial standards (so called benchmarking) and presents information necessary for reaching decisions regarding investment and restructural-ization [13].
Business Intelligence used for sale analysis aids fast recognition of products/regions which are significant for the company, facilitates the analysis of the lifecycle of products and ensures the effective management of sales departments.
Marketing analyses performed with the aid of Business Intelligence answer questions regarding finding market trends and identifying key groups of customers — so called clustering. BI in market analyses also allows the assessment of the effectiveness of marketing campaigns.
Advantages of BI systems [11]:
- Decrease the time needed for analysis and reaching a decision.
- Make gathering information or creating temporary, consolidated, detailed and aggregated reports easier.
- Improve the comprehensive character of the system and access to information.
- Short response time to user's request.
- Allow the combination, allocation and mining of data.
- Augment the analytical character of obtained information along with its insightful interpretation, "extraction" of hidden information.
- Facilitate the easy location of critical states within the company, ex. from the perspective of cost, time of delivery, customer service, etc.
- Allow access to current information.
- Provide the possibility of expanding the system and the ability of the user to influence the process of shaping it.
Disadvantages of BI systems [11]:
- High cost of user training.
- The need to have a lot of knowledge concerning analytical techniques (the systems generate a huge amount of data which the user may find problematic to interpret).
- Relatively costly and long implementation.
- High requirements regarding equipment and software.
- Sensitivity of the system to low quality or inconsistent data.
- High cost of system management and expansion.
5. Stages of implementation of Business Intelligence systems and benefits of such implementation
The implementation of a Business Intelligence system is a complex process that requires several stages which may vary depending on the accepted approach. These stages may follow or overlap one another. The accepted approach depends on the details of the implementation process and the experience of the experts implementing the system. Most often, however, the process consists of the following stages [14]:
1. Planning — creation of a plan for the project, determination of the architecture of the data warehouse, determination of technical aspects, definition of tasks and so on.
2. Analysis and gathering of requirements — gaining an understanding of business needs and user requirements.
3. Creation of a physical data warehouses and subject focused data warehouses — creation of dimension and fact tables.
4. Obtaining data from source systems — locating data sources, analysis of their structure, determination of operations necessary for the transformation and debugging the data to ensure its coherence and integrity.
5. Supplying of the data warehouses — the process of allocating, transforming and entering data in data warehouses.
6. Process automation — automation and scheduling of supplying of the data warehouses.
7. Creation of the initial set of reports — preparation of templates and formats for the reports.
8. Checking functionality and data testing — using created reports and standard assessment processes checking whether the data warehouse is working correctly.
9. Training — training of users and administrators.
It is worth mentioning that prior to the implementation of a BI system it is possible to define a specific set of KPI's (key performance indicators) to assess the results of the implementation. These could include both quantitative as well as qualitative criteria.
Business Intelligence solutions have progressed from being very niche and expensive resolutions meant for top management to systems which support decision making at every level of the enterprise. Gradually Business Intelligence transgresses the framework of the company by making their assets available to various groups of stakeholders. In trying to point out the stage of development of systems supporting decision making which introduced Business Intelligence systems we would have to say it is the moment of implementing the concept of data warehouses. Since that time advanced Business Intelligence systems make use of data warehouses as their main source of data, thanks to which that data has been more complete and comprehensive and the response time to user requests has become very fast. As a result of decreasing cost of Business Intelligence systems they are being implemented in more companies and encompass greater number of departments creating corporate style solutions which facilitate managing the effectiveness of the entire company [12, p. 67-82].
Business Intelligence systems permit us to make use of the knowledge of people who specialize in, for example, management, controlling or sales as well as that possessed by operational managers in a way which allows their activity to focus on decision making or providing information to those occupying higher rungs within the organization's structure. The main benefits connected to the implementation of a Business Intelligence system include [13]:
1. Reliable and consistent information from all business areas — the utilization of data warehouses as a repository for integrated and aggregated operational data available to the enterprise allowing the assessment of management information obtained at the "launching" of such a system.
2. Company data transformed into useful knowledge where it is understood that knowledge is the most versatile of all resources for the generation of wealth.
3. Efficient creation of forecasts — from the perspective of a time line, Business Intelligence systems can be perceived as an excellent source of information combining the past and current activity of the company as well as a set of tools used for the prediction of a number of indicators connected to the organization's operations. The conclusion that the effective prediction of the future and the resulting long-term (strategy level) decisions based on those predictions upon which future success of the organization regarding its field of operation rests becomes obvious.
4. Fast reaction to market trends, identifying dangers or opportunities within operational fields — the more effectively a Business Intelligence system is integrated with an organization's environment, the more effective tool it is for aiding reaching strategic decisions. A Business Intelligence system supported by appropriate data (macroeconomic indicators, currency exchange rates, situation of financial markets, etc.) permits the identification of a point of reference for the internal indicators of the effectiveness of the organization's activity.
5. Real-time observation of budget deviations — a Business Intelligence system integrating virtually complete information describing the financial state of the enterprise, including income and costs, allows for the real-time assessment of the degree to which an established budget has been realized.
6. Fewer people involved in the decision making process — there is less need for analysis and reporting departments.
7. More accurate decisions — access to a greater amount of information which is of higher quality permits making decisions having a lesser risk of failure.
8. High indicator of return from investment into implementing Business Intelligence — it must be clear to anyone that the most important aim of any business is the maximizing of profits. Business Intelligence allows significant reduction of costs connected with mining data concerning the state of the organization. Profits which the organization may gain thanks to Business Intelligence depend solely on the skillful use of knowledge which can be obtained through the use of this system.
6. Conclusion
In the era of knowledge based economy characterized by increased significance of information, surplus of data, globalizing economies and lightning fast changes in the environment, businesses are looking for systems that support successful decision making which is based on facts and permits a more effective management of the enterprise. This aim may be gained by providing every employee with information which is of the right scope, in the right format and supplied at the right time. A key element of such a solution is the immediate access to all data concerning the operations of the enterprise. Business Intelligence systems provide such a solution. Adding the benefits of the Internet and related
technologies we will be dealing with eBusiness Intelligence systems whose functionality is even broader and includes access to analytical application which are available through a web browser, advance information sharing within the value chain and the in depth analysis of internet sales. Business Intelligence applications are currently a key element of business management which guarantees great savings of time and unheard of quality of management. However, to fully utilize the potential of Business Intelligence the company must have the right business culture, IT culture and the right style of management since the implementation of Business Intelligence solutions must be done under correct conditions. Entrepreneurs who have chosen to implement Business Intelligence solutions are successfully winning the race with their market competition.
References
[ 1 ] http ://www.e-mentor.edu.pl/artykul/index/numer/9/id/143
[2] Olszak C. (2007) Tworzenie i wykorzystywanie systemów Business Intelligence na potrzeby wspólczesnej organizacji. Akademia Ekonomiczna im. Karola Adamieckiego w Katowicach, Katowice.
[3] Surma J. (2009) Business Intelligence: systemy wspomagania decyzji biznesowych. Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, Warszawa.
[4] Smok B. (Eds.) (2010) Business Intelligence w zarz^dzaniu. Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu, Wroclaw.
[5] http://www.connecto.pl/czym-jest-system-business-intelligence
[6] http://www.macrologic.pl/rozwiazania/erp/system-controlling/business_intelligence
[7] http://decyzje-it.pl/centrum-wiedzy/bi-i-controlling/artykuly/business-intelligence-najwazniejsze-funkcje.html
[8] Wyskwarski M. (2013) Analiza danych systemu ERP — wykorzystanie koncepcji Business Intelligence. Zeszyty naukowe Politechniki Sl^skiej, Seria: Organizacja i Zarz^dzanie. 64
[9] Nycz M. (2012) Hurtownie danych i business intelligence w organizacji. Wydawnictwo Uni-wersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu, Wroclaw.
[10] Siemieniuk L., Siemieniuk N., Mosdorf R. (red.) (2010) Systemy klasy Business Intelligence a funkcjonowanie przedsiçbiorstw [w:]. Zastosowanie technologii informacyjnych w zarz^dza-niu wiedz^ i procesami gospodarczymi. Wydawnictwa WSFiZ, Bialystok.
[11] http://www.wsz-pou.edu.pl/biuletyn/?p&strona=biul_kwas14&nr=14
[12] Wyrçbek H. (2011) Znaczenie aplikacji Business Intelligence w zarz^dzaniu przedsiçbiorst-wem. Zeszyty naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach, Seria: Administracja i Zarz^dzanie, 88.
[13] http://edu.pjwstk.edu.pl/wyklady/hur/scb/wyklad13/w13.html
[14] http://www.jcommerce.pl/uslugi-it/business-intelligence/faq-business-intelligence/wdrozenie-business-intelligence
Authors:
Lukasz Siemieniuk — Mgr., University of Bialystok, Faculty of Economics and Management Nina Siemieniuk — Prof., University of Bialystok, Faculty of Economics and Management Tomasz Siemieniuk — Mgr., University of Finance and Management in Bialystok, Faculty of Economics
Отдельные аспекты ИТ-систем бизнес-аналитики
Лукаш Семенюк*, Нина Семенюк*, Томаш Семенюк**
*Университет в Белостоке Республика Польша, г. Белосток, ул. Варшавска, 63, 15-062
**Высшая школа финансов и управления в Белостоке Республика Польша, г. Белосток, ул. Тепла, 40, 15-472
е-mail: l.siemieniuk@uwb. edu.pl; n.siemieniuk@uwb. edu.pl; [email protected]
Аннотация. Внедрение систем бизнес-аналитики (Business Intelligence/BI) в рамках одной компании способствует более эффективному проведению рекламных кампаний и постоянному росту предложения продуктов или услуг. Для производственной компании решающее значение приобретает внедрение нового продукта в сегмент рынка, который уже занят другими компаниями, и в таких случаях инструменты BI могут быть очень полезными. Целью этой работы является описание систем бизнес-аналитики и представление преимуществ, получаемых с помощью таких инструментов. Документ разделен на четыре части, каждая часть посвящена отдельной проблеме, касающейся функций систем бизнес-аналитики.
Ключевые слова: системы бизнес-аналитики, бизнес-аналитика, хранилище данных.
Литература
[1] http://www.e-mentor.edu.pl/artykul/index/numer/9/id/143
[2] Olszak C. Tworzenie i wykorzystywanie systemow Business Intelligence na potrzeby wspolczesnej organizacji. — Akademia Ekonomiczna im. Karola Adamieckiego w Katowi-cach, Katowice 2007.
[3] Surma J. Business Intelligence: systemy wspomagania decyzji biznesowych. — Wydawnic-two Naukowe PWN, Warszawa 2009.
[4] Smok B. (red.) Business Intelligence w zarz^dzaniu. — Wydawnictwo Uniwersytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu, Wroclaw 2010.
[5] http://www.connecto.pl/czym-jest-system-business-intelligence/
[6] http://www.macrologic.pl/rozwiazania/erp/system-controlling/business_intelligence
[7] http://decyzje-it.pl/centrum-wiedzy/bi-i-controlling/artykuly/business-intelligence-najwazniejsze-funkcje.html
[8] Wyskwarski M. Analiza danych systemu ERP — wykorzystanie koncepcji Business Intelligence. — Zeszyty naukowe Politechniki Sl^skiej, Seria: Organizacja i Zarz^dzanie z. б4/2013.
[9] Nycz M. Hurtownie danych i business intelligence w organizacji. — Wydawnictwo Uniwer-sytetu Ekonomicznego we Wroclawiu, Wroclaw 2012.
[10] Siemieniuk t., Siemieniuk N., Mosdorf R. (Eds.) Systemy klasy Business Intelligence a funkcjonowanie przedsiçbiorstw [W:] Zastosowanie technologii informacyjnych w zarz^dzaniu wiedz^ i procesami gospodarczymi. — Wydawnictwa WSFiZ, Bialystok 2010.
[11] http://www.wsz-pou.edu.pl/biuletyn/?p&strona=biul_kwas14&nr=14
[12] Wyrçbek H. Znaczenie aplikacji Business Intelligence w zarz^dzaniu przedsiçbiorstwem. — Zeszyty naukowe Uniwersytetu Przyrodniczo-Humanistycznego w Siedlcach, Seria: Admin-istracja i Zarz^dzanie, nr 88/2011.
[13] http://edu.pjwstk.edu.pl/wyklady/hur/scb/wyklad13/w13.html
[14] http://www.jcommerce.pl/uslugi-it/business-intelligence/faq-business-intelligence/wdrozenie-business-intelligence
