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5. Хрусталева Т.М. Возрастные особенности проявления социальной одаренности школьников // Сибирский педагогический журнал. - 2011. - № 10 - С. 170-176.
6. Юркевич В.С. Одаренный ребенок: иллюзии и реальность: Книга для учителей и родителей - М.: Просвещение, учебная литература, 1996. - 136 с.
Петрунина С.В. \ Хабарова С.М. 2, Позднышева Е.А.3, БоковГ.В.4 1 2 Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, 3,4доцент, Пензенский государственный университет, Россия ОСНОВНЫЕ НАПРАВЛЕНИЯ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ РЕАБИЛИТАЦИИ В ВОДНОЙ СРЕДЕ С ЛЮДЬМИ, ИМЕЮЩИМИ ПСИХИЧЕСКИЕ РАССТРОЙСТВА
Аннотация
В статье представлены различные методические приемы в области адаптивной двигательной реабилитации средствами водной среды.
Ключевые слова: церебральный паралич, водная среда, двигательная коррекция, индивидуальные упражнения, методические приемы
Petrunina S.V.1, Khabarova S.M.2, Pozdnisheva E.A.3, Bokov G.V.4
1,2 PhD assistant professor, 3 assistant of professor Penza State University, Russia
MAIN DIRECTIONS OF MOTOR REHABILITATION IN THE AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT WITH PEOPLE WHO HAVE
MENTAL DISABILITIES
Abstract
The article presents a variety of instructional methods in the field of adaptive motor rehabilitation by means the aquatic environment
Keywords: cerebral palsy, the aquatic environment, motion correction, individual exercises, teaching methods
Of all violations of human health mental retardation is the most common . There are more than 300 million people with mental retardation. According to the main department of rehabilitation services and special education of the Russian Defense Ministry 500,000,000 total number of students with developmental disabilities 60 % are children with mental retardation. Specialists studying this category of people , not define mental retardation as a disease, but a state of mental underdevelopment characterized by diverse features in the clinical picture , and the complex manifestation of physical, mental , intellectual, and emotional qualities.
The term "mental retardation" refers to persistent, severely impaired cognitive activity due to diffuse organic lesions of the central nervous system.
Mental retardation is not a homogeneous state, it has many manifestations caused by congenital or acquired causes, including education and unfavorable conditions, which may enhance the defect.
Etiological factors of mental retardation are divided into endogenous (genetic) and exogenous (by environmental). Around 1,500 of nervous and mental diseases, including mental retardation, associated with adverse genetic mutations and 300 - with chromosomal mutations. Genetic factors can independently and in a complex interaction with the environment.
Exogenous factors include primarily intrauterine infection. The most dangerous in this regard rubella virus. Anomalies in physical and mental development, often combined with congenital anomalies of vision and hearing, are observed in 25% of children whose mothers suffered rubella in the first 12 weeks of pregnancy. Almost as dangerous mumps virus (mumps).
In accordance with the international classification of diseases, mental retardation has four degrees of decline of intelligence: mild, moderate, severe and profound. (Shapkova L.V., 2005)
In determining physical fitness and motor skills, in preparation for the program, the development of appropriate recommendations, appropriate teaching and assessment must take into account the characteristics of persons with mental retardation. Even Vygotsky believed that if physical training aimed at correcting deficiencies motor babies, it has a positive effect on his mental development and the formation of cognitive activity.
Despite the significant shortcomings of the prior psychomotor development of mentally retarded children, they have some potential for further development.
Mazitova in his work presented a methodology shared swimming training of primary school age students with mental retardation, and normally developing children in additional sports education. According to the author, the technique has shown a positive impact on shipboard training and emotional state students. Myazitova makes a comparative analysis of the relationship of the social environment to the inclusion of children in the Far East and Siberia.
Permjakov investigated the effect of swimming on the rehabilitation of primary school children with mental retardation. The author has developed and tested a method of rehabilitation in the aquatic environment. In addition to his program of correctional school class seventh type conducted additional swimming lessons twice a week, 60 minutes. Swimming lessons included exercises on land, lasting 15-20 minutes, and exercises in water, lasting 40-45 minutes. Exercises on land included: running, jumping, exercises with rubber bumpers, as well as jumping, slopes, bridges and other exercises that help to enhance the child's motor activity and the development of its physical qualities. Water exercises included three parts: introduction , main and final . In the introductory part to warm up with the inclusion of memorizing words , phrases , custom proplyvaniya segments ( 5-7 meters alternating ways swimming) . The main part of the exercises increased motor activity , exercises for the development of water sports exercises on the study methods of navigation , as well as contributing to the development of strength, endurance , speed , agility , flexibility - swimming of long stretches , tumbling , jumping , exercises with a large range of motion and etc. In the final part of the game was offered, which helped to reduce the psycho-emotional and physical stress, as well as increasing positive attitude. The study notes that the use of swimming as a means of correction effects in working with children with mental retardation, can improve their physical fitness, mental sphere parameters (memory, thinking, perception, personality traits of the child).
Bulgakov believes that when learning to swim this category of people is necessary, first of all, consider emotional state of learners, as it affects the efficiency of the whole class. Mastering the water in those with lower IQ can run the entire school year.
Should be used in the classroom and audio narration, as words, phrases, concepts improve and normalize psychological activity involved, improve the process of perception and speech understanding, enrich vocabulary. Involved often lose interest in doing the exercises, so you need to use the game method, and to assess and record the level of proficiency in dealing with exercises for the development of water.
All teaching methods are applied comprehensively. Sports swimming training methods and individual motor actions is done using the integrity of separate teaching method. When the game teaching method used already mastered motor actions.
Must evaluate any, even the smallest shifts involved in motor readiness in performing certain exercises.
Petrunina S.V. (2003) suggests the use of motor rehabilitation of people with mental disabilities in the aquatic environment following exercises.
Talitkya O.V. (2007) proposes to use an adaptive sailing program for severely mentally retarded adolescents aged 15-17 years. As the author notes, adaptive swimming classes for adolescents with severe mental retardation should be carried out three times a week (2 lessons on water and 1 lesson in the hall dry swimming) for 45 min.
1. Adaptive sailing program designed for adolescents with severe mental retardation Talitkya O.V. (2007) includes the following sections:
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2. General developmental, and special simulation exercises on land;
3. Exercises aimed at overcoming rabies and development of water;
4. Breathing exercises on land and in water;
5. Exercises to explore ways of swimming sports equipment;
6. Fun games in the water.
According to the author, the allocation of these sections allowed to effectively influence the physical development, functional status, quality of movement and psychomotor seriously mentally retarded adolescents aged 15-17 years. The results showed that crawl on the chest is the most difficult to master data contingent, as greater demands for coordination, harmonization of movement and breathing, as well as to the possibilities involved in the respiratory system.
References:
1. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina I.A. Investigation of biomechanical factors of walking of disabled and healthy people //2nd International Scientific Conference “European Applied Sciences: modern approaches in scientific researches”: Volume 2. Papers of 1st International Scientific Conference (Volume 1). February 18-19, 2013, Stuttgart, Germany. P. 120-121.
2. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina The basic technology of psycho-social adaptation of disabled people through individual swimming exercises // Europaische Fachhochschule, European Applied Sciences, #2 - 2013., ORT Publishing. Stuttgart, Germany, Р.99-100
3. Petrunina S.V., Khabarova S.M., Kiryuhina I.A. The basic technology of psychosocial adaptation of disabled people through individual swimming exercises: monograph / 1st edition. - Vienna: “East West” Association for Advances Studies and Higher Education GmbH, 2014.
Петрунина С.В. \ Хабарова С.М. 2, Позднышева Е.А.3, БоковГ.В.4
1 2 Кандидат педагогических наук, доцент, 3,4доцент, Пензенский государственный университет, Россия ОСОБЕННОСТИ ДВИГАТЕЛЬНОЙ КОРРЕКЦИИ СРЕДСТВАМИ ВОДНОЙ СРЕДЫ
Аннотация
В статье представлены индивидуальные методические приемы для людей с патологией функций опорно-двигательного аппарата в водной среде.
Ключевые слова: церебральный паралич, водная среда, двигательная коррекция, индивидуальные упражнения, методические приемы
Petrunina S.V1., Khabarova S.M2., Pozdnisheva E.A.3, , Bokov G.V
1,2 PhD assistant professor, 3 assistant of professor Penza State University, Russia,
FEATURES OF MOTOR COMPENSATION BY MEANS OF AQUATIC ENVIRONMENT
Abstract
The article presents individual instructional techniques for people with disorders of the musculoskeletal apparatus in the aquatic environment.
Keywords: cerebral palsy, the aquatic environment, motion correction, individual exercises, teaching methods
In the studies Petrunina S.V. comprehensive program of motor rehabilitation of people with disabilities and cerebral palsy means "artificial control environment 'has been suggested that improved the efficiency of rehabilitation activities undertaken with disabilities. Studies have shown that the power and cyclic training in the aquatic environment has helped to reduce the asymmetry of motor actions in walking and running. Motor recovery of persons with disabilities in the aquatic environment was performed using a "regulated insurance."
In the studies Petrunina SV, regulated insurance was used in teaching swimming actions of people with reduced mobility. RS provides reliable coverage for dealing with the deep part of the pool. In the context of the development of the regulated insurance possible swimming movements as relying standing still and in motion. regulated insurance. It is a cable or wire system stretched over the water at a height of one to three meters between two supports. Supports can serve a variety of racks, able to withstand the tension of the cable or wire to 3000
N.Cable tension by a special device. On cable, put on long metal hooks. The lower end of the hook should not reach the surface of the water 30 - 50. At the bottom of the hook is put halyard rope with loops attached to it Time swimmer. The belt can be made of any durable material length 80 to 120 cm upper part of the hook is free to slide along the wire, with adjustable depth of immersion in water, the swimmer. Figure 2.6 shows a diagram of a regulated insurance, which we have used us in the classroom with disabilities in the aquatic environment.
The syllabus included general developmental exercises and stepping movements in the water, exhaling into the water, eyes opening in the water, different water immersion. As disabled mastered elementary exercises in the aquatic environment, it offers a swimming exercise, combining sliding on his chest and back, with a preliminary repulsion from the bottom of the pool and the subsequent stepping movements.
In the next step , we used a system of "regulated insurance ." Education Sustainable horizontal body position in the water carried by traditional way. Involved in rescue wore belts connected to tether simulator , and a focus on maintaining balance in the water , and learned to take such a position of the body to the center of gravity and center of pressure of the water on the body match. For this purpose the methodical approach of pressure on the water of the upper body (T- pressure). At the same time dealing with getting used to lower his head into the water while performing such tasks 10-15 .
Once engaged person learned to accept proper horizontal body position in the water, they were invited to the development of swimming movements on elements: first, standing on the bottom of the pool, they performed hand movements in accordance with the breath, then perfected leg movements under the regulatory system in place insurance (crawl on the chest, back).
The next step involved the development of alternating movements of the right and left hand, and then perform exercises under controlled insurance - in the same order as in the training building on the pool bottom. After working each movement separately began training coordinated movement of legs with breath, breathing hands and feet and hands together with the breath.
With the improvement of coherence of the movements studied swimming motions in full coordination. These problems were solved in the first session under controlled insurance.
By the end of the fifth class engaged in the water felt more confident. In terms of training using "regulated insurance" coverage time job without sailing simulator has increased steadily. If from the first to the fifth session training was conducted using only regulated insurance then the sixth, the time devoted to classes in water without the simulator increased. From the sixth to the tenth session, it increased to 20 minutes, the tenth to eighteenth - up to 60 minutes.
It should be noted that in the last three sessions "regulated insurance" was used for making the horizontal body position in the water and with the aim of self-performed movements while swimming. Results of the study indicate the possibility of future use of the training device "regulated insurance" for teaching swimming movements disabilities (cerebral palsy).
During the period of the model experiment, consisting of 16 - 18 sessions, the subjects mastered the simplest swimming movements and were able to overcome unaided to 10 - 15 meters distance in the aquatic environment. Education under controlled insurance showed sufficient efficiency of training facilities in the system classes with disabilities (cerebral palsy).
During the period of the experiment, subjects observed decrease in the value of pulse, as measured by indicators of resting heart rate by 6.4%, a decline in the average - from 85.0 beats / min to 79.5 beats / min. While VC increased by 20%, an increase of 0.4 liters (z <0,7),
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