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ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023 УДК 330.101.541(595)
Адибах Нурсарах Бинти Азми, студентка международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия
Email: [email protected]
Амира Вахида Бинти Md Amin, студентка международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия
Email: [email protected] ОСНОВНЫЕ МАКРОЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИЕ ПОКАЗАТЕЛИ МАЛАЙЗИИ
Аннотация: макроэкономические показатели страны — это статистические данные, обобщающие экономическую деятельность данной страны. Наиболее часто используемые экономические показатели часто получают из данных, публикуемых правительством и некоммерческими организациями. Макроэкономические показатели, такие как валовой внутренний продукт (ВВП), уровень безработицы, индекс потребительских цен, помогают инвесторам, предпринимателям и трейдерам открывать новые возможности в бизнесе и торговле. С помощью этих показателей можно проводить анализ экономических показателей и прогнозировать будущие результаты.
Ключевые слова: валовой внутренний продукт, уровень безработицы, индекс потребительских цен.
Adibah Nursarah Binti Azmi, student of International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
Email: [email protected]
Amira Wahida Binti Md Amin, student of International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023
Email: [email protected]
MAIN MACROECONOMIC INDICATORS OF MALAYSIA
Abstract: the macroeconomic indicators of a country are statistics which summarise the economic activity of a given country. The most commonly used economic indicators are often derived from data released by the government and nonprofit organizations. Macroeconomic indicators such as: Gross domestic product (GDP), unemployment rate, consumer price index help aid investors, entrepreneurs and traders in discovering new opportunities in business and trade. By means of these indicators, analyses of economic performances and achievements can be made and future outcomes can be predicted.
Key words: Gross domestic product, unemployment rate, consumer price index
Gross Domestic Product, which is often referred to as its abbreviation (GDP), is the total market value of all final products and services produced within a specific period of time. GDP is generally measured on an annual basis but can also occasionally be measured on a quarterly basis [1]. GDP can be divided into two categories : nominal GDP and real GDP. The key difference between real GDP and nominal GDP is that real GDP is the measure which reflects the value of all goods and services an economy produces during a certain period of time while nominal GDP is GDP given in current prices (without adjustments due to inflation). Real GDP is expressed in base-year prices and is typically referred to as constant price, inflation-corrected, or constant dollar GDP [2].
The Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in Malaysia expanded 14.2 % in Sep 2022, following a growth of 8.9 % in the previous quarter [3].
Malaysia's nominal GDP reached 101.7 USD in Sep 2022, compared with 101.8 USD in the previous quarter [4].
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023
The central bank of Malaysia estimates growth of between 6.5% and 7% this year, backed by continued expansion in global demand and higher expenditures in the private sector. Adding onto that, growth is also expected to slow down next year to between 4% and 5%.
Malaysia's Consumer Price Index CPI increased to 128.60 points in October 2022, up from 128.30 points in September 2022.
Unemployment rate is described as the percentage of the total labor force that is unemployed but is actively seeking employment and is willing to work.
The unemployment rate in Malaysia declined to 3.6 percent in October 2022 from 4.3 percent in October 2021, pointing to the lowest reading since February 2020. The number of unemployed dropped 14.20 percent from a year earlier to 605.0 thousand, while employment increased 3.4 percent to 16.08 million.
Malaysia unemployment rate increased to 3.70% in Sep 2022, from 3.60% in Aug 2022 [6]. Malaysia's unemployment rate is suspected to be due to a lack of work experience, location and social demographic factors.
Employers and interviewers at job interviews will naturally select potential employees with job experience instead of candidates with no familiarity in the field whatsoever to avoid weak productivity and incompetence. Unemployment is common in rural areas and can be exacerbated by demographic factors such as: gender, race and social class [7]. Individuals residing in lesser-known areas will find entering the labor market challenging due to the scarcity of job opportunities and the absence of close contact with employers. Hence, jobseekers will be forced to search and apply for jobs that are available in their area which may be unstable and unreliable. Adding onto that, they will have no choice but to accept low and scanty wages [7].
Women are less likely to be chosen for certain professions due to traditional stereotypes and patriarchal values which often exist in the workforce. These stereotypes often depict women to be incompetent and irreverent. Lucrative professions and high positions in the occupational hierarchy are often male-dominated and occupied by men. This consequently can lead to prejudice against female jobseekers as those who have already occupied a status in the occupational hierarchy
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 5 (52), 2023 can reject female applicants due to the stereotypes. Individuals from the lower social classes are likely to be in poverty which can trap them in a poverty cycle for generations, making job opportunities difficult to obtain for them. This is partially because of the fact that individuals from lower social classes aren't able to afford quality education to provide them with the skills demanded by the labor market.
References
1. International Monetary Fund // https://www.imf.org/en/Publications/fandd/issues/Series/Back-to-Basics/gross-domestic-product-GDP
2. Investopedia // https://www.investopedia.com/terms/r/realgdp.asp
3. Malaysia Real GDP Growth // https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malaysia/real-gdp-growth
4. Malaysia Nominal GDP // https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malaysia/nominal-gdp
5. Nikkei Asia // https://asia.nikkei.com/Economy/Malaysia-s-Q3-GDP-grew-14.2-highest-in-over-a-year
6. Malaysia Unemployment Rate // https://www.ceicdata.com/en/indicator/malaysia/unemployment-rate
7. KoeaScience //https://koreascience.kr/article/JAKO202034651879346.page
8. Trading economics // https://tradingeconomics.com/malaysia/consumer-price-index-cpi
