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ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 4 (51), 2023
УДК 339.9
Викум Адитья Джаясурия, студент международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия.
Email: [email protected]
ОСНОВНЫЕ ФОРМЫ МЕЖДУНАРОДНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ
ОТНОШЕНИЙ
Аннотация: область международных экономических отношений фокусируется на последствиях экономического взаимодействия между нациями. В дополнение к воздействию правил, регламентаций и политики, таких как тарифы, торговые квоты и ограничения на международное движение капитала, а также режим обменного курса, эти взаимодействия также охватывают торговлю товарами, услугами, активами, идеями и макроэкономические побочные эффекты. Важные последствия этих взаимосвязей включают инфляцию и безработицу, рост или упадок конкретных отраслей промышленности. Они влияют на политические движения, экономическую стабильность, неравенство и национальное благополучие.
Ключевые слова: развитие, экономика, коммерция, культура.
Vikum Adithya Jayasooriya, student of the International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia.
Email : vikumadithya12345@gmail .com
THE MAIN FORMS OF INTERNATIONAL ECONOMIC RELATIONS
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 4 (51), 2023
Abstract: the field of international economic relations focuses on the effects of economic interaction between nations. In addition to the effects of rules, regulations, and policies like tariffs, trade quotas, and limits on the international movement of capital, and the exchange rate regime, these interactions also encompass trade in goods, services, assets, ideas, and macroeconomic spillover effects. Important effects of these relationships include inflation and unemployment, the growth or decline of specific industries.
Key words: development, economy, commerce, culture.
Due to the relatively low levels of capital and labor mobility abroad, the economic theory of international trade differs from the rest of economic theory. In that regard, it would seem to differ from trading between remote regions in one country more in practice than in principle. Hence, the international trade process Little distinguishes economics from the rest of economics. Governments have frequently imposed restrictions on the free flow of information, which has influenced the focus of academic research on the topic. Tried to place limitations on international trade, and a desire to ascertain the effects of such restrictions has frequently driven the development of trade theory. The area of trade theory that is often referred to as "classical" is mostly composed of the application of deductive logic, which began with Ricardo's Theory of Competitive Advantage and evolved into a number of theorems whose applicability depends on the veracity of their presuppositions. The majority of "modern" trade analysis, however, is based on empirical research.
The impact of international economic interactions may be both favorable and detrimental. Increased commerce and investment, job creation, and economic growth are a few possible benefits. Economic disparity, employment loss, and detrimental effects on the environment are only a few examples of the negative effects. International economic interactions can also result in heightened tension and international war, which are political and social repercussions [1].
Positive consequences of international economic relations:
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 4 (51), 2023
1) Increased commerce: access to a greater range of goods and services is made possible through international trade, which may also enhance productivity and bring down consumer costs.
2) The creation of jobs is a potential outcome of international trade and investment, particularly in the industrial and service sectors.
3) Economic expansion: Through raising productivity and efficiency, foreign trade and investment may promote economic expansion.
4) Cultural exchange: Relationships between nations that are based on their economies can foster cultural dialogue and cooperation.
5) Interdependence and cooperation are fostered by international economic linkages, which can help to foster harmonious relations between nations.
6) Access to new technologies: Through international economic interactions, nations may have access to cutting-edge information and know-how, which could boost their economies and raise their productivity.
7) More access to a greater range of goods and services as well as faster economic growth are two ways that international economic interactions may enhance living standards [2].
Negative consequences of international economic relations:
1) Degradation of the environment: with increasing resource exploitation and pollution, global commerce and investment may cause environmental deterioration.
2) Economic disparity: because certain groups may gain more than others from trade and investment on the international level, this can result in greater economic disparity inside nations.
3) Dependency: when a nation depends on another for basic commodities and services, it leaves them open to the political and economic upheavals occurring in the other nation.
4) Exploitation: by the use of wealthy countries' labor and resources in underdeveloped nations, international economic interactions can result in exploitation [4].
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 4 (51), 2023
5) Employment loss: foreign trade and investment can result in job losses in some industries, particularly those that can readily be outsourced to other nations, like manufacturing.
6) Political as well as social conflict: when there are global monetary interactions between nations, there may be social as well as political conflict, especially if one nation feels unfairly treated.
7) Exchange rate changes can have a detrimental impact on commerce and investment due to international economic linkages.
8) Sovereignty loss: A nation's sovereignty may be compromised if foreign interests come to dominate specific economic policies and decision-making [3].
Many methods, such as the following, are used to sustain international economic relations:
1) Engagement in diplomacy: to address economic disagreements and advance cooperation, nations participate in diplomatic discussions and negotiations.
2) Trade sanctions are a tactic that nations can employ to sway the actions of other nations.
3) Countries abide with international rules and regulations, including those pertaining to commerce, investment, and intellectual property rights.
4) By bilateral agreements on trade and investment, for example, nations can keep their economic ties directly with one another
5) International financial institutions: by funding, technical support, and policy recommendations, agencies like the World Bank and International Monetary Fund (IMF) foster economic cooperation and stability.
6) Organizations at the regional level: organizations at the regional level, like the European Union (EU), encourage economic integration and cooperation within a particular region.
ПОЛИТИКА, ЭКОНОМИКА И ИННОВАЦИИ № 4 (51), 2023
7) Foreign trade, investment, and job creation are all key components of multinational corporations' (MNCs) and other companies' contributions to the preservation of global economic ties.
8) Multilateral organizations: Through negotiation and dispute resolution processes, organizations like the World Trade Organization (WTO) and the United Nations (UN) encourage cooperation and settle problems between nations.
9) Global trade arrangements: In an effort to lower trade barriers and foster economic cooperation, nations negotiate and sign trade agreements, such as free trade accords [2].
References
1. International economics //
https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=International_economics&oldid=1137099277
2. Dimand, Robert W. "Adam Smith on Portuguese wine and English cloth." The 3 European Journal of the History of Economic Thought, vol. 25, no. 6. 2018, pp. 12641281.
3. Findlay, Ronald. "Comparative advantage." The World of Economics. Palgrave Macmillan, London, 2021. Pp. 99-107.
4.Thweatt, William O. "James Mill and the early development of comparative advantage." History of Political Economy, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, pp. 207-234.
