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Farmonova S.Sh.
teacher
Department of Preschool Education Bukhara State Pedagogical Institute
ORGANIZING NON-TRADITIONAL ACTIVITIES USING INTERACTIVE METHODS WITH PRESCHOOL CHILDREN IN THE "SCIENCE AND NATURE" CENTER
Annotation. In this article, the role and importance of the activities of preschool education organizations in the "Science and Nature" center in the development of preschool children in different age groups, ways to increase the effectiveness of training are widely covered. The task of the "Science and Nature" center and methodical recommendations for equipping this center were given in the groups of preschool educational organizations. The opinions are summarized based on the State curriculum of the preschool education organization.
Keywords: preschool, preschool, play activities, nature, center, water, sand, fire, scales, magnifying glass, aquarium, weather, calendar.
Today's preschool education relies on ensuring the development and self-awareness of the child, it is important to awaken the inner need for knowledge, to arouse interest. The children's laboratory is the most effective means of understanding the laws of the surrounding world, expanding their worldviews, and enriching the experience of independent activity. Experiments not only generate new information, but also have a positive effect on the formation of mental operations of synthesis and analysis, help to reveal creative potential, and form basic mathematical concepts.
Decree No. PF-5I98 of September 30, 20I7 "On measures to fundamentally improve the management of the preschool education system" dated May 8, 20I9 Decision No. PQ-43I2 "On approving the concept of development of the preschool education system of the Republic of Uzbekistan until 2030", No. 391 of May 13, 2019 "Measures to further improve the activities of preschool educational institutions" A new system was created in accordance with the decision No. 487 of June 11, 2019 "On measures to introduce advanced information and pedagogic technologies into the preschool education system".
Development of innovative ideas and imaginations of children of preschool age, application of educational content, forms and tools, normative bases for organization of educational processes are being created in our country. The Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On Pre-School Education and Training" provides priority tasks such as "creating alternative forms of education and training for children and introducing modern innovative and information and communication technologies for comprehensive development". One of the urgent tasks is to improve the content and technology of quality preparation of children for primary
school education with the help of innovative pedagogical activities during preschool education.
Our young children are looking for answers to many questions every day. Why does it rain? why does the wind blow? why does the sun shine?... It is a great responsibility to explain the essence of natural phenomena and the causes and consequences of what happens to young children in order to explain the laws of nature. Of course, the educator can try to explain or demonstrate, and the educator can conduct an experiment. In this case, children conduct various experiments in the "Science and Nature" center.
Experiments conducted in the center of science and nature, on the experimental testing ground, arouse interest in children and encourage them to make new inventions. This center is also the center of the greatest opportunity for children to learn about nature and its phenomena. If the activity of the center is organized correctly, children will learn 90% of the knowledge about nature. The center arouses interest not only in children, but also in pedagogues-teachers. Information about where the things used in our life came from and what they were obtained from is done by the children themselves.
Here are some examples of activities organized in the Science and Nature Center through interactive methods:
A collection of games on the theme "Silver Winter" in preschool education
In the cold season, the pedagogue should pay attention to the children's breathing through the nose. Breathing through the nose forms children's ability to breathe properly and prevents diseases of the nose and throat. It is not advisable to organize multi-action games at lower temperatures, because they accelerate breathing when children start breathing through their mouths. In such conditions, it is also wrong to hold games that encourage children to recite poems, sing songs or recite some text. Each child experiences unique difficulties when he comes to the preschool educational institution. The younger the child, the more difficult it is to adapt to new conditions. A lot depends on the characteristics of his nervous system. Children's speech is not well developed to clearly express their feelings and emotions. Unexpressed emotions (especially negative emotions) accumulate and eventually appear as incomprehensible tears from the outside, because there is no reason to trigger these emotions. The child's whims, temporary sleep disturbances, and loss of appetite all last for 2-3 weeks, and sometimes months, but every educator tries to reduce the adaptation process to a minimum.
Today, the role of a pedagogue in educating children in all-round ways in preschool education organizations is incomparable. In this regard, many positive things are being done in our country. Nevertheless, the results of our observations showed that some preschool educational organizations lack resources, experience and literature in Uzbek language to organize the educational activity of introducing objects, and those that do have it are not at the level of demand. This creates some shortcomings in the organization of educational activities of introducing children to birds and familiarizing them with experiences, and in turn,
it is necessary to eliminate this deficiency. In the "Science and Nature" development center, organization of educational activities on the topic of preparation of visual material for the middle group, analysis-synthesis activity and first forms research skills.
"The role of water in nature. Experiments"
Purpose: to introduce the properties of water, to inculcate the concept of water as a source of life.
Necessary equipment: ICT, slides, glass, water, tubes.
Course of action:
1. Discussion about the importance and properties of water.
2. Conducting experiments.
3. Discussion.
4. Conclusion.
Additional: reading poems and stories. What to pay attention to: instilling love for nature
Practical experience: Invisible air
Purpose: children study the physical properties of air, solve problems related to knowledge of the universe.
Necessary equipment and materials: 2 glasses, jar, sponge, tube (tube)
Course of action:
Experiment 1: "Air"
Turn the glass upside down and gently place it in a large container of water. Hold the glass correctly. What will happen? Does water fall into the glass? Why not? Conclusion: The glass contains air, it does not contain water.
Experiment 2: Balloons
Place the glass in a jar of water and hold it at a slight angle. What appears in the water? Air bubbles are visible. Where did they come from?
Conclusion: air leaves the glass and water replaces it.
Noteworthy aspect: increasing children's interest in learning about the world. Today, the role of a pedagogue in educating children in all-round ways in preschool education organizations is incomparable. In this regard, many positive things are being done in our country. In preschool age, the foundation is laid for the general culture of the person, in accordance with the State requirements and the State curriculum, it is envisaged to form ecological foundations in preschool children. Preschool children learn about plants, animals, humans and living beings, the connection and connections between humans and nature in the natural world; variety of values of nature, such as healing, cognitive, moral, aesthetic, practical; they will have basic knowledge that nature is the destination of human existence. Environmental education and upbringing of children is a very important problem of our time: only the ecological thinking and ecological culture of people will help to get our planet and humanity out of the current crisis. In the child, ecological ideas (including various environmental problems), ecologically sound behavioral skills, the formation of a decent attitude to the environment, his
PE building and territory, his home, yard, nearby playground, parks, based on familiarity with mountains and rivers. Also, it is considered inappropriate to introduce preschool children to topics such as the ecological situation of the entire region ("Water, air... ecology of regions"). For the purposes of ecological education, objects and events should be selected, the essence of which the child can learn in the course of his activities.
References:
1. D.U. Rahmanova. Pedagogical conditions of teaching subjects in inclusive education. Monograph. Tashkent - 2023.
2. Muzafarovna U.D. THE PLACE OF INCLUSIVE EDUCATION IN THE EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM //OBRAZOVANIE NAUKA I INNOVATsIONNYE IDEI V MIRE. - 2023. - T. 30. - no. 3. - S. 94-96.
3. G.M. Sayfullaev, LX Alimova, BOU Khodiev. Formirovanie i razvitie ichtiofauny vodoemov nizovev r. Zarafshan. Vestnik science and education, 2225.
4. A. Bakhronov, 3rd grade natural science textbook for general secondary schools. T; Cholpon NMIU 2012.
5. A. Bakhronov 4th grade natural science textbook for general secondary schools. T; East NMIU 2011.
6. G.M. Sayfullaev. Organization of extracurricular activities in science classes. Study guide. Bukhara-2020.
