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5
Iskenderov A.B. senior lecturer
Department of geography teaching methodology Nukus State Pedagogical Institute Eshiniyazov B.A.
2nd Stage Student Nukus State Pedagogical Institute
OPPORTUNITIES FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF PILGRIMAGE TOURISM ON THE TERRITORY OF THE REPUBLIC OF
UZBEKISTAN
Annotation. Currently, the processes of mutual integration in all spheres, which are ongoing in the era of globalization in the world, give impetus to the further development of the tourism sector. Pilgrimage tourism, along with other areas of tourism, is of particular importance and serves the development of the spiritual and material culture of all peoples. Therefore, all countries of the world are using all opportunities to develop this industry.
Keywords: tourism, pilgrimage tourism, cultural and spiritual relations, objects of cultural heritage.
Introduction
Our state has always been the center of intersection of many cultures and civilizations, where various religions were promoted, which is why extremely unique monuments belonging to the religions of Islam, Buddhism and Christianity are preserved in our country. In this regard, measures have been implemented to form the flow of domestic and foreign pilgrims and tourists and create the necessary conditions for them, to widely promote the tourism potential of the Republic.
MAIN PART
Pilgrimage tourism has gone through a lot of periods in its field and has become one of the most profitable areas of Tourism today. The word pilgrimage, translated from Arabic, means a journey, a journey. In the language of Turkic peoples, it represents visiting local shrines for a religious purpose. Translated from Latin palmarius, palmovnik is a palm (tree of victory) derived from the word for carrying the palm variety.
Theoretical issues of religious and pilgrimage tourism, its development and territorial peculiarities have been studied by many economists, geographers and historical scholars. Including from foreign scientists in this matter K.Griffin, G.Wilkinson, D.H.Olsen, N.Neilson, R.Raj, S.Singh, S.Nolan, W.Wang, K.Huang, J.S.Chen, H.Okhovat, L.E.Hudman, M.L.Nolan, R.Eid, R.H.Research by scholars such as Jackson has explored issues of pilgrimage tourism.
Nowadays, in Uzbekistan, the emphasis on historical and cultural objects, sacred steps has increased, and special attention has begun to be paid to the development of pilgrimage tourism. There are a total of 8,210 cultural heritage sites in our republic as of 1 January 2023, of which 7,827 are publicly owned and 383 are privately owned.
Currently, there are more than 10 major centers of pilgrimage tourism in the world, among which the presence of Central Asian countries with high Islamic values, opportunities for the development of this network in our country
indicates the size.
On the basis of pilgrimage tourism and views on shrines, holy steps and shrines are mainly divided into three types.
These are:
- Shrines of international importance;
- Shrines of Republican significance;
- Shrines of local importance
Our country is characterized by a wealth of tourist resources. In Central Asia, in particular in our homeland, great saints, scientists, living and buried steps, pilgrimage sites, as well as many tourists are attracted. The burial sites and graves of many saints are being reconstructed and restored to their original state. From our geniuses known all over the world, many dear saints like Imam al-Bukhari, Gijdivani, Bahawiddin Naqshbandi, Imam al-Moturidi, Mahmudi a'zam, Zangiota, Sheikh Hovand Tohur, the mausoleums of imams are being transformed into places where Muslim people can visit and eat spiritually. The transformation of the Imam Al-Bukhari complex into an important shrine is of international importance, and in the Muslim world the shrine is an important and significant pilgrimage site.
Imam al-Bukhari, one of the famous allomas of the Muslim world, was born in Bukhara on July 21, 810, died in 870 in the village of Khartang, 25 km from Samarkand (now Chelak District of Samarkand province), and was buried there. However, this place remained unattended for centuries, but after the independence of our state, reconstruction of the complex was carried out. On April 29, 1997, the government of the Republic of Uzbekistan decided to celebrate the 1225th anniversary of the birth of Imam al-Bukhari according to the Hijri lunar calendar.
Visiting tourism facilities:
On the territory of Uzbekistan, like other religions, there are many sacred places of Islamic culture and its Sufi flow. The most valuable monuments are recognized as UNESCO World Heritage sites. Among them, the city of Bukhara, called Bukharoyi-Sharif, which means blessed Bukhara in the Islamic world, the city of Samarkand with many priceless monuments, the city of Shahrisabz, which is considered the homeland of Amir Temur, whose cities have an ancient and rich history and have undergone significant changes throughout their lives. Currently, there are more than 10 holy and venerated Christian and Muslim places, shrines in Uzbekistan.
According to research, shrines were classified according to their socio-spiritual significance into the following 4 species:
1. Shrines of saints and scribes calling on people to be brought up in the spirit of patriotism, valor, courage. That is, visitors to such shrines strive to embody in themselves the feelings of courage and courage and such qualities of the scribes. (e.g. Najmiddin Kubro, Amir Temur, Pahlavon Makhmud, Mirzo Ulughbek, Mukhammad Rakhim Khan Feruz etc.;
2. Shrines of Ulama that serve to ensure the feelings of justice, happiness, hard work, kindness in people. People who visit such shrines strive to embody in themselves such noble feelings as Sahawat, mehr murwat, hard work in our past ancestors (for example, Bakhovuddin Naqshband, Qaffol Shoshiy, Khoja Akhrori Wali, Khoja Mukhammad Porso, Ahmad Yugnaki, etc.;
3. Shrines of saints who call people to religious faith, religious morality and devotion, fidelity to spirituality and enlightenment (Imam al-Bukhari, Imam al-Moturidi, Sheikh Hovandi Toxur, Ahmad Yassawi, Imam at-Termiziy, Hakim at-Termiziy, Abul Muin an-Nasafi, Hazrati Imam (Hasti Imam), Zangi Ota, Makhdumi a'zam, etc.;
4. Shrines of saints who call people to science and enlightenment. That is, in the elevation of such virtuous Saints to the rank of Saint, striving for science, tireless work lies, therefore, in pilgrims, striving for knowledge, attitude to work, respect for science and enlightenment are formed. (Abu Ali Ibn Sina, Burkhoniddin al-Marginani, Abu Bakr al-Khwarazmi, Musa al-Khwarazmi, Ahmad al-Farghani, etc.
Conclusion
The fact that the development of pilgrimage tourism in the Republic of Uzbekistan is directly related to the way and life of the population is caused by many factors. Especially in recent times, the increase in the influx of domestic and foreign tourists is associated with shambarshas with religious and pilgrimage tourism. The main factor in pilgrimage tourism depends on historical and modern monuments in the Republic. It is necessary to carry out restoration work with this occasion in bold pictures.
In order to train qualified specialists in the tourism industry, it is necessary to carry out the following work in educational institutions and, together with foreign specialists, increase the directions of joint education. It is necessary to create geographical maps on this tourism in the form of an atlas in accordance with the world template criteria and in the leading public foreign languages.
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