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19
ON THE STRUCTURE AND CONTENT
OF EDUCATIONAL SERVICES
IN THE CONTEXT OF A MUNICIPAL DISTRICT
L. V. Rezinkina
This article shows the possibility of organizing the process of continuous education in a municipal area, and the principles and main directions of development of municipal educational service.
Key words: continuing education, training, municipal educational service.
The organization and rendering of educational services is one of the most promising trends in service activity [6]. By an educational service, the theory of management means a pedagogical system that provides for the implementation of the function of a specialist's educational support at various stages of such a specialist's professional career [6]. In the work by I.V. Osokina and L.S. Tsvetlyuk, educational service is defined as a customized (focused on a specific user or a narrow address group) activity, aimed at providing educational services to a user needing them in the form of knowledge and competences of a general and/or professional nature [6].
The process of organizing personnel skills improvement and retraining within the framework of a small regional territory, a municipal district plays a special part in the system of continuous education. It is educational services provided at a municipal level that can become an efficient tool of meeting actual needs for the continuous education of both teachers and specialists of various professions and detecting potential ones. Three mutually conditioned tasks are set in the context of organizing such services at the municipal level: (1) improving general cultural standards, and the realization and modernization of human resources. The first task presumes mastering basic competences and adopting general cultural standards; (2) aid in the shaping of a professional human resources policy needed for maintaining a market economy; (3) modernization and development of the human resources for the rapid adaptation to the dynamic changes in industry and socialization [6].
"Educational services", A.O. Chentsov states, "are created in the process of pedagogical research labor, as a variety of research labor. The result of pedagogical research labor can be defined as an educational product. An educational product is a part of the intellectual product adapted for the respective segment of educational services" [8, p. 120]. In the majority of works, an educational service is viewed as a process of transferring certain information for learning, with the purpose of obtaining a certain result. E.D. Lipkina views an educational service from this perspective as "a sum of knowledge, expertise and skills, and a certain amount of information used for meeting a specific human and social need for intellectual development and learning professional abilities and skills" [4, p. 10]. Dolyatoisky and O.A. Mazur also define an educational service as "intangible actions aimed at an individual consciousness and ensuring the realization of a human need for learning a specific type of knowledge, expertise and skills, for the acquisition of a profession or qualification that ensures meeting a demand of the labor market" [3, p. 14]. The most complete reflection of the specific
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nature of continuous adult education is understanding an educational service as a purposeful, organized creative process of rendering aid in the mastering of new knowledge and competences within the framework of a specific educational program (specialty), in the form of a sum of knowledge of a social and special nature, as well as practical skills transferred to an individual according to a certain program [2, p. 12].
Educational services are most easily adapted to the local industrial, ethnic, cultural and religious circumstances; this is the thing that is most in demand in municipal education.
While projecting municipal educational services as a form of support of continuous education of specialists, one must take into account the results of T.Yu. Lomakina's study, according to which the concept of educational services in the context of continuous education conventionally applies to the following subjects and objects of education [5]: (1) to a person that studies permanently at educational institutions or educates him/herself; (2) to the educational process/program that characterizes the involvement of a human being into the educational process throughout his/her life, and the continuity of educational activity; (3) to the organizational structure of education, determining the nomenclature of the educational institutions’ network and their interconnection, creating an educational service network with a continuity of educational problems, capable of meeting the whole aggregate of educational needs arising both in society as a whole, and in every particular region and in each person.
As is evident from the foregoing, it is the specific targeting of educational services in the context of continuous education that determines the possibility of multidimensional and optimal motions of a person in an educational space.
Let us expose the principal trends, goals and content of the development of educational services in the context of continuous education in a municipal district.
The first trend is assistance to the development of continuous education as management of changes in the educational service system at the municipal level. This trend will ensure the establishment of practical educational service organization at various levels, as a process of joint creation of various subjects' ideas about the forthcoming joint activity. The exploratory nature of the activity of teaching staff will promote a reduction of the labor intensity of the development of curricula and projects, shaping the subjectivity of methodological service participants, mutual reinforcement of all the element of educational activity, and the development of educational process participants' creativity within the system of municipal education.
The second trend is the scientific methodological support of the creation of an educational institution infrastructure in the form of educational services, ensuring the efficiency of innovative activity in the educational space of a municipal district. The goal of this trend is the development of an organizational model of constructive interaction between the innovative practice and the traditional one within the system of municipal education. This is implemented by promoting the unity of research, development and experimental manufacture of test articles setting the pace of innovative transformation of the traditional practice within the municipal educational system, the organization of activity of institutions ensuring the probation of innovative articles, collecting, analyzing explaining and storing a stable positive pedagogical experience. The solution of the tasks at hand will
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ensure the quality implementation of the target goals of innovative policy of a department of education of municipal administration.
The third trend is scientific pedagogical support of the organization of network interaction between the subjects of a municipal district educational space, as a toolkit of methodological support of network interaction based on the resource potential of informational and communication technologies: eliciting and formalization of a set of methodological services ensuring the efficiency of network forms of interaction in the educational system at the municipal level, mastering remote forms of interaction with the educational space subject, the development and maintenance of a municipal education system website, etc.
The fourth trend is the organizational and legal aid in creating the mechanisms of integration of an institution in the regional system of teaching staff skills improvement (monitoring the deficiencies and potentials of an educational service, the extent of satisfaction resulting from the implementation of a request, the development of tools for assessing the results of social and professional partnerships, an appropriate regulatory environment, shaping an information space, organizing public discussion, state and public expert assessment, sharing experience, publishing materials, and work with mass media).
As an experiment has shown, the above trends of educational service development within the framework of continuous education systems in a municipal district can be implemented through an educational service organized by a municipal resource center created and housed by an innovative educational organization. Such a municipal resource center is an organizer and coordinator of the continuous education of adults, which includes training and retraining of specialists in a wide scope of professions: not only teachers but social workers, specialists working in the employment service, the cultural sphere, and industrial and social organizations.
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Translated from Russian by Znanije Central Translastions Bureas
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