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Mustafaev Ilyor Muradullaevich, the laboratory of mycology and algology, researcher Institute of Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan E-mail: [email protected] Iminova Malika Mashrabovna, Ph D., Institute of Botany, the laboratory of mycology and algology, Sherkulova Jamila Payanovna, Ph D., Karshi State University, the Faculty of Biology, Xolmurodova Tutigul Nafasovna, Ph D., Institute of Botany, the laboratory of mycology and algology, Teshaboeva Shaxnoza Arabovna, researcher, Institute of Botany, the laboratory of mycology and algology
NEW RECORDS OF RUST FUNGI OF TREES AND SHRUBS FROM UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: The paper contains preliminary results of rust fungal research conducted during 2015-2018 years in Nuratau, Boysun and Turkistan mountain ranges in Uzbekistan. During our study, rusted and non-rusted specimens were collected and we identified 13 species of rust fungi and 18 host plant species from the study area. The rust species belong to 5 genera and 4 families. Among the studied taxa, Puccinia rhamni Kuprev. on Rhamnus coriaceae (Regel) Kom. is newly reported for rust mycobiota of Uzbekistan.
Keywords: Nuratau, Boysun and Turkistan mountain ranges, Rust fungi, Basidiomycota, Pucciniales, new records, host plants.
Introduction
Among the a lot of fungal pathogens of plant diseases, rust in paper bags and were deposited in Tashkent mycological
fungi are very widespread and often, under favorable condi- herbarium (TASM) of the Institute of Botany (IB). The main
tions can be cause severe damage to many herbaceous, shrub- method of identifying the species of fungi was light micros-
by and woody plants, which leads to decrease the productivity copy, carried out according to standard procedures. Measure-
of them, as well as to the loss of decorative qualities [1; 3]. ments were made from slide stained preparations observed
Currently, around 7,000 rust fungi from 168 genus dis- under the Motic BA 410 light microscope in the laboratory
tributed in the world, more than half of them belong to the of Mycology and algalogy of the IB. Species identification was
genus Puccinia [2; 4]. performed according to Kuprevich [4, 5-308], Ulyanischev
At the moment, more than 261 species of rust fungi have [5, 5-324], Ramazanova et al. [3, 17-190], Minkevicius [6,
been recorded on the territory of Uzbekistan. They are regis- 8-270], Azbukina [7, 1-615]. Fungal names are given in ac-
tered on 511 species of host plants belonging to 43 families cording with www.mycobank.org [8]. Host plants are given
of vascular plants [3; 5]. with www.theplantlist.org. [9].
Materials and methods Results
The material for the present study was samples of the 13 species of rust fungi (Pucciniales) of trees and shrubs
herbarium of affected plants harvested on the territory of were reported from Boysun, Nuratau and Turkiston mauntain
the Nuratau, Boysun and Turkistan mauntain ranges. Dur- ranges from 2015 to 2018. The rust species belong to 5 genera
ing the intensive study of rust fungi samples were collected and 4 families (Table 1). Among the rusts recorded, Gym-
from various woody and shruby host plants in 2015-2018 nosporangium (3 species), Phragmidium (4 species), Puccinia
from the study area. Samples were dried at room temperature (3 species), Melampsora (2 species), Tranzschelia (1 species).
Section 1. Biology
Table 1. - Taxonomic analysis of rust fungi of trees and shrubs
Class Order Family Genus Num. of species
Pucciniaceae Gymnosporangium 3
Puccinio-mycetes Puccinia 3
Pucciniales Phragmidiaceae Phragmidium 4
Melampsoraceae Melampsora 2
Uropyxidaceae Tranzschelia 1
1 1 4 5 13
From the facts in (Table 1), it can be seen that the largest number of species of rust fungi of tree and shrub species belongs to the genus Phragmidium, Gymnosporangium, Puccinia.
List of 13 species of rust fungi from study area Puc-ciniaceae
Gymnosporangium Hedw.
Gymnosporangium fuscum DC. on Pyrus korschinskyi Litv., Boysun mountians, village Kyzyl-naur, May 14, 2016, on Pyrus communis L. Boysun mountians, village Machay, 26.08.2016. The fungus affects leaves of Pyrus spp.
Gymnosporangium confusum Plowr. On Crataegus pseu-doheterophylla Pojark., Boysun mountian, Machay village, 11.08.2015. This fungus affects leaves, branches and fruits of the species of Crataegus L.
Note: This fungus is widespread on the territory of the Boysun forestry and it is the main pathogenic of Crataegus L.
Gymnosporangium fusisporum E. Fisch. on Cotoneaster sp., Boysun mountian, village Kyzyl-naur, 14.05.2016. Turkiston mountain, Irgvaylisoy, 26.07.2018. The fungus affects the leaves and fruits of Cotoneaster species. It is widely distributed in Boysun and Turkistan mountain ranges.
Puccinia Pers.
Puccinia longirostris Kom. on Lonicera sp. Boysun mountian, village Omonkhona, 13.08.2015, Turkiston mountain, Uriklisoy, 27.05.2018, on Lonicera humilis Kar. & Kir., Boysun mountian, Machay village, Gurbulok tract, 11.08.2015. The fungus infects the leaves and fruits of the species Lonicera L.
Puccinia pygmae Eriks. on Berberis integerrima Bunge, Turkiston mountain, Uriklisoy, 25.05.2018. on Berberis oblonga, Turkiston mountain, Irg'aylisoy, 25.05.2018. The fungus infects the leaves of the species Berberis L.
Puccinia rhamni Kuprev. On Rhamnus coriaceae (Regel) Kom. Boysun mountian, village Omonkhona, 13.05.2016.
Note: Puccinia rhamni is newly reported for rust myco-biota of Uzbekistan and Rhamnus coriaceae is recorded as a new host plant for this fungus.
Phragmidiaceae
Phragmidium Link.
Phragmidium mucronatumWallr. On Rosa canina L. Nuratau mountain, Hayatsoy, May 19, 2015, Boysun
mountian, village Omonkhona, 13.05.2016., on Rosa sp. Boysun mountian, village Machay, 26.08.2016.
Phragmidium kamtschatkae (H. W. Anderson) Arthur & Cummins on Rosa ecae Aitch. Boysun mountian, Qizil-naur village, 14.05.2016, Rosa maracandica Bunge, Boysun mountian, Omonkhona village, 15.05.2016. Turkiston mountain, Zaamin national nature park, Uriklisoy, 26.05.2018.
Phragmidium bulbosum Ann. on Rubus caesius L. Nuratau mountain, Hayatsoy, 15.07.2017
Phragmidium tuberculatum Jul. Müll. on Rosa canina L. Boysun mountian, village Machay, Gurbulok tract, 11.08.2015, Nuratau mountain, Hayatsoy, 16.07.2016, Turkiston mountain, Zaamin national nature park, Uriklisoy, 26.07.2018.
Melampsoraceae
Melampsora Castagne
Melampsora laricis-tremulae Kleb. On Populus alba L., Boysun mountian, Darband village, 11.08.2015. This fungus affects the leaves.
Melampsora caprearum Thüm on Salix alba L. Boysun mountian, village Machay, Gurbulok tract, 11.08.2015, village Machay, Gurbulok tract, 26.08.2016, Boysun mountian, village Kyzyl-naur, 14.05.2016, Turkiston mountain, Zaamin national nature park, Uriklisoy, 26.07.2018.
This fungus affects the leaves.
Uropyxidaceae
Tranzschelia Arth.
Tranzschelia pruni-spinosae (Pers.) Dietel on Amygdalus bucharica Korsh. Nuratau mountain, Hayatsoy, 27.07.2016, Boysun mountian, village Machay, Gurbulok tract, 11.08.2015. The fungus affects the leaves.
It is known, that rust fungi are found almost on all continents, almost everywhere, where vascular plants grow. The distribution of rust fungi in the families of vascular plants is uneven. Rust fungi were discovered on 18 species of vascular plants, belonging to 5 families and 11 genera. The host families with the greatest number of rust species were Rosaceae with 8 species (61.5%), Salicaceae with 2 species (15.4%) representing 75,9% of all rust species present in the study area (Tab. 2). The highest number of rust species is reported in the genus Rosa L.
Table 1. - Distribution of rust fungi by families of host plants
Rust genera Family of host plants Total
Caprifoliaceae Rosaceae Rhamnaceae Salicaceae Berberidaceae
Gymnosporangium 3 3
Puccinia 1 1 1 3
Phragmidium 4 4
Melampsora 2 2
Tranzschelia 1 1
Total: 5 1 8 1 2 1 13
Thus, in Nuratau, Boysun and Turkiston mauntain ranges on trees and shrubs were recorded 13 species of rust fungi. From them Puccinia rhamni is recorded as a new species for mycobiota of Uzbekistan and Rhamnuscoriaceae is recorded as a new host plant. In the analysis of rust fungi relationship with host plants, it is revealed that they parasitize on 18 species ofvascular plants belonging to 4 families. More than half to the rust species found in the area live on host species belonging to Rosaceae.
Herbarium materials are persisting in the mycological collection of the Institute of the Botany of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan.
References:
1. Kuprevich V. F., Ulyanischev V. I. Key to rust fungi of the USSR: - Nauka I Tekhnika Publ.,- Minsk: 1975.- P. 1-336. [In Russian].
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3. Mohanan C. Rust fungi of kerala, India: Kerala Forest Research Institute, 2010.- 148 p.
4. Ramazanova S. S., Fayzyeva F. X., Sagdullaeva M. Sh., Kirgizbaeva X. M., Gaponenko N. I. Flora of fungi of Uzbekistan (Vol. III. Rust fungi): - Fan Publ., Tashkent: 1986.- P. 1-229. [In Russian].
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7. URL: http://www.mycobank.org
8. URL: http://www.theplantlist.org
Acknowledgments
This work was supported by Committee for coordination science and technology development under the Cabinet of Ministers of Uzbekistan (Project No. PZ-2014-0830174425) and Ministry of innovation development of Uzbekistan (Project No. PZ-2017-0921183). The first autor thanks to Tur-ginov O. T. and Beshko N. Yu. staffs of Central Herbarium (TASH) at the Institute of Botany, Uzbek Academy of Sciences for identification of some host plants.
