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№ 12(117)
декабрь, 2024 г.
PAPERS IN ENGLISH
PHARMACEUTICS
ORGANISATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL
NANOEMULGEL-BASED TOPICAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS AS A PROMISING APPROACH FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS OF TURKMENISTAN
Mahrijemal Annamyradova
Lecturer of microbiology, virology and immunology department Oguzhan Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan,
Turkmenistan, Ashgabat
Dovlet Porrykov
Lecturer of molecular biology and genetics department Oguzhan Engineering and Technology University of Turkmenistan,
Turkmenistan, Ashgabat
Ogah Bliss Idoko
Master's student at Life Science Innovation (Food Innovation),
University of Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
НАНОЭМУЛЬГЕЛЬНЫЕ ТОПИЧЕСКИЕ СИСТЕМЫ ДОСТАВКИ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫХ СРЕДСТВ КАК ПЕРСПЕКТИВНЫЙ ПОДХОД К ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫМ РАСТЕНИЯМ
ТУРКМЕНИСТАНА
Аннамырадова Махриджемал
преподаватель,
Инженерно-технологический университет Туркменистана
имени Огуз хана, Туркменистан, г. Ашхабад
Поррыков Довлет
преподаватель
Инженерно-технологический университет Туркменистана
имени Огуз хана, Туркменистан, г. Ашхабад
Огах Блисс Идоко
магистрант, Университет Цукубы, Ибараки, Япония
Библиографическое описание: Annamyradova M., Porrykov D., Ogah B.I. NANOEMULGEL-BASED TOPICAL DELIVERY SYSTEMS AS A PROMISING APPROACH FOR MEDICINAL PLANTS OF TURKMENISTAN // Universum: медицина и фармакология : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 12(117). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/med/archive/item/18879
A unIversum:
№12(117)_декабрь, 2024 г.
ABSTRACT
Nanoemulgel is a two-phase system consisting of a nanoemulsion and a gel. A nanoemulsion is a dispersion of oil droplets in water or vice versa, stabilized by surfactants. A gel is a semi-solid system with a three-dimensional network structure. The combination of these two phases offers unique advantages, such as enhanced skin penetration and controlled drug release.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Наноэмульгель — это двухфазная система, состоящая из наноэмульсии и геля. Наноэмульсия представляет собой дисперсию капель масла в воде или наоборот, стабилизированную поверхностно-активными веществами. Гель — это полутвердое вещество с трехмерной сеточной структурой. Сочетание этих двух фаз предоставляет уникальные преимущества, такие как улучшенное проникновение через кожу и контролируемое высвобождение лекарственного средства.
Keywords: nanoemulgel, medicinal plants, drug delivery, topical application, skin penetration, oils, surfactants, gelling agents, high-energy emulsification, low-energy emulsification, pH, viscosity, droplet size, zeta potential, drug content, stability.
Ключевые слова: наноэмульгель, лекарственные растения, доставка лекарств, топическое применение, проникновение через кожу, масла, поверхностно-активные вещества, гелеобразующие агенты, высокоэнергетическая эмульсификация, низкоэнергетическая эмульсификация, pH, вязкость, размер капель, зета-потенциал, содержание лекарства, стабильность.
Introduction
In the age of modern technology, where countless synthetic medications have been developed, some may question the value of studying medicinal plants. However, interest in these plants continues to grow each year. This is evidenced by the fact that plant-based medicinal preparations, as demonstrated by both practice and the vast experience of humanity, are generally safer and have fewer noticeable side effects. Being non-toxic and producing substances that are physiologically more compatible with the human body, medicinal plants often have a gentler effect and help strengthen the immune system, giving them a clear advantage over synthetic drugs. The secondary metabolites in different parts of plants possess therapeutic activities such as antioxidant, anti-tumoral, anti-inflammatory, anti-allergy, antibacterial, antifungal and antiviral [1].
In the formulation of nanoemulsion as a topical drug delivery faces many challenges in delivering drug effectively through the skin which rates controlling barrier for topical drug delivery. Small particle sized formulation yet concerned when delivering drug through the skin, the rheology properties of nanoemulsion is important. The nanoemulsion formulation, it is not convenient to be used due to low viscosity and spreadability is noted [2].
Nanoemulgel advantages are enhanced drug penetration through the skin, improved stability of bioactive components, controlled release of bioactive compounds or drugs, wide range of drug types, including hydro-philic, lipophilic and amphiphilic drugs can be formulated, reduced risk of irritation, easiness of application and spreadability [3].
Essential components of nanoemulgel formulations
Nanoemulgels are advanced drug delivery systems that combine the benefits of nanoemulsions and gels, enhancing the stability and bioavailability of therapeutic compounds. Here, we outline the main components crucial to nanoemulgel formulations:
A) Oils
Oils serve as the primary vehicle for delivering active drugs in nanoemulsions. A variety of oils can be used based on the specific therapeutic requirements, including:
Fixed Oils: Such as cottonseed oil, corn oil, and peanut oil.
Vegetable Oils: Commonly used for their stability and compatibility.
Essential Oils: For added benefits, essential oils like rose oil and clove oil are often included, contributing therapeutic properties.
B) Liquid phase
Water (H2O) is typically used as the continuous phase in nanoemulsions, providing the medium in which the other components are dispersed. In nanoemulgels, water serves as a base for both the nanoemulsion and the colloidal gel, ensuring ease of application and consistency.
C) Surfactants and co-surfactants
Surfactants are critical for stabilizing the emulsion by reducing interfacial tension between oil and water phases. They are selected based on the type of emulsion being formed, such as oil-in-water (O/W) or water-in-oil (W/O). Commonly used surfactants include:
Nonionic Surfactants: Span 80 (Sorbitan monoole-ate), Tween 80 (Polyoxyethylene sorbitan monooleate), and Acrysol derivatives.
Other Stabilizers: PEG-40-stearate, Labrasol, Stearic acid, and Plurol Oleique.
In addition to surfactants, cosurfactants or co-solvents like Transcutol, Captex, Cammul, and Miglyol can be added to enhance stability and improve the texture of the emulsion.
D) Gelling agents
Gelling agents create the structural network necessary for the gel phase in nano-emulgels, providing the desired consistency and aiding in sustained release. These agents can be natural, semi-synthetic, or synthetic, such as:
Natural Polymers: Agar, Tragacanth, Guar gum, and Xanthan gum.
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Synthetic Polymers: Carbopol, Poloxamer, and Hy-droxypropyl Methylcellulose (HPMC), which are popular for their stability and ease of formulation.
Each component plays a crucial role in the performance of nanoemulgels, influencing properties like stability, texture, and drug delivery efficiency. Careful selection and combination of these ingredients allow for optimized therapeutic outcomes in topical applications [4].
Nanoemulgel preparation technique
Nanoemulgel is a combination of a nanoemulsion and a gel, each of which must be made separately before combining them. The nanoemulsion can be either oil-in-water (o/w) or water-in-oil (w/o). To create the nanoemulsion, two main methods are used: high-energy and low-energy emulsification. In the high-energy method, external energy breaks down the oil droplets into nanosized particles within the water phase. This method typically involves ultrasonic emulsification or high-pressure homogenization. The low-energy method, on the other hand, includes techniques like solvent displacement and phase inversion temperature. To make the nanoemulsion, the chosen surfactants and co-surfactants are dissolved in either the water or oil phase as needed. Then, the active ingredient is mixed into the suitable phase, often with gentle heating. Finally, one phase is slowly added to the other with continuous stirring until the mixture cools to room temperature, forming the nanoemulsion [5].
Nanoemulgel evaluation
1. Visual Inspection
The nanoemulgel's appearance, color, and homogeneity should be visually assessed to confirm consistent formulation.
2. pH Measurement
The pH is crucial for the intended application, especially if designed for skin, where an ideal pH range is 4.5-6. This ensures compatibility with human skin or other mucosal surfaces.
3. Viscosity Determination
Viscosity is a key parameter for skin applications, affecting the gel's spreadability and stability. Viscosity measures the fluid's resistance to flow, with higher values indicating greater resistance. Nanoemulgels can exhibit Newtonian or non-Newtonian behavior; in
Newtonian fluids, viscosity remains constant across shear rates, while in non-Newtonian fluids, viscosity varies with shear rate changes.
4. Spreadability Measurement
Spreadability impacts therapeutic efficacy, indicating how well the gel applies and adheres to the skin or affected area. It considers the ease with which the gel spreads, often evaluated through 'slip' and 'drag' properties.
5. Droplet Size and Polydispersity Index (PDI)
Droplet size, often measured through dynamic light
scattering (DLS), helps define the nanoemulsion's particle uniformity. The PDI quantifies droplet size distribution, with lower values indicating higher uniformity.
6. Zeta Potential
Zeta potential measures the electrical charge on nanoemulgel droplets, influenced by surface-active ingredients, which affects stability and aggregation tendencies within the formulation.
7. Drug Content
Determining drug content reveals the actual amount of active ingredient within the nanoemulgel, indicating production efficiency and potential therapeutic efficacy.
8. Accelerated Stability Study
To evaluate stability, formulations are subjected to an accelerated study per ICH guidelines. Samples are stored for three months at 37±2°C, 45±2°C, and 60±2°C, with periodic analysis every two weeks. This study measures any changes in drug content, pH, or signs of degradation, ensuring formulation stability under various conditions [6].
Conclusion
Nanoemulgel formulations have emerged as a versatile and effective platform for delivering medicinal plant extracts topically. By combining the advantages of nanoemulsions and gels, these systems offer enhanced skin penetration, improved stability, and controlled release of bioactive compounds.
By addressing the challenges associated with traditional topical delivery systems, nanoemulgel-based formulations offer a promising avenue for harnessing the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants. Further research and development in this area can lead to innovative and effective treatments for a wide range of skin conditions.
References:
1. Gurbanguly Berdimuhamedov. Medicinal plants of Turkmenistan. Vol 1.
2. Alaa R. Azeez, Myasar Alkotaji. Nanoemulgel as a recent drug delivery system. Mil. Med. Sci. Lett. (Voj. Zdrav. Listy) 2022, 91(2), 128-139.
3. Nanoemulsion and Nanoemulgel as a Topical Formulation Padmadevi Chellapa, Aref T. Mohamed, Eseldin I. Keleb, Assad Elmahgoubi, Ahmad M. Eid1, Yosef S. Issa, Nagib A. Elmarzugi. IOSR Journal Of Pharmacy (e)-ISSN: 22503013, (p)-ISSN: 2319-4219 www.iosrphr.org Volume 5, Issue 10 (October 2015), PP. 43-47.
4. Alina Vazir, Aparna Joshi, Kapil Kumar, Vaishali Rajput. Nanoemulgel: For Promising Topical and Systemic Delivery. Int J. Pharm. Drug. Anal, Vol: 11, Issue: 4, 2023; 8-13.
5. Norn, S., Permin, H., Kruse, P.R., & Kruse, E. (2012). The therapeutic use of weak acid/weak base systems in topical preparations. Journal of Drug Development and Industrial Pharmacy, 12(3), 233-239.
6. Schramm, L.L. (2005). Rheology modification in emulsion systems: A focus on gel-like structures. Emulsions, Foams, and Suspensions: Fundamentals and Applications, 231-266.
