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NANOSYSTEMS: PHYSICS, CHEMISTRY, MATHEMATICS, 2013, 4 (3), P. 320-323
MODEL OF NON-AXISYMMETRIC FLOW
IN NANOTUBE
I. V. Blinova
Saint Petersburg National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, 49 Kronverkskiy, Saint Petersburg, 197101, Russia
PACS 62.10.+s
The asymmetric Stokes flow in a circular cylinder due to a rotlet is considered. This is a model for nanotube flow induced by a small rotating particle. The 3D Stokes and continuity equations are reduced to boundary problems for two scalar functions. Analytical solutions in terms of the Fourier transform is obtained.
Keywords: Stokes flow, rotlet.
1. Introduction
The Stokes flow description is a classical problem of fluid mechanics, having a long history. In recent years, it attracted new interest due to appearance of a new field, related with the development of nanotechnology. The flow through nanostructures is known to have many interesting unusual peculiarities [1]. Particularly, one observes a phenomenon analogous to superfluidity [2], dependence of the viscosity on the nanotube diameter [3] and other effects. The theory of nanoflow is not well-developed. There are only a few works suggesting theoretical explanation of these phenomena (see, e.g., [4], [5], [6]). It has been shown that hydrodynamic equations should be modified for nanoflows [7], but the Stokes approximation is appropriate due to the smallness of the Reynolds number [8].
In the present paper, we use the Stokes model for nanotube flow. Namely, we study the creeping flow inside the nanotube induced by a rotlet. From a physical point of view, a molecule rotating due to external magnetic field in the nanotube can play the role of the rotlet. A rotlet is the point source of vorticity, i.e. it is the solution of the Stokes equation with point singularity (see, e.g., [9], [10]). Correct mathematical description of such type of singular solutions was given in the framework of the theory of self-adjoint extensions of symmetric operators [11], [12], [13]. The advantage of the approach is that it allows one to obtain analytical solutions in many interesting cases. In the present paper we consider asymmetric Stokes flow in a cylinder caused by a rotlet having the axis orthogonal to the cylinder axis. Earlier the asymmetric Stokes flow was describe only for the domain between two parallel planes [14].
2. Problem formulation
Consider a cylinder of radius R0 having OZ as the axis. We deal with the Stokes flow inside the cylinder caused by a rotlet at the origin having OX as the axis. Let v be the flow velocity, p be the pressure. Then the Stokes and continuity equations takes place:
Av = Vp, V-v = 0.
(1)
We assume that the flow is induced by a rotlet, hence, we seek the solution in the form:
i x r
v = Vo + Vi, vo = ——,
\r\
r is radius-vector of a point, i is the unit vector, parallel to the OX axis.
We will use the cylindrical coordinates (p,p,z). There is an interesting technique suggested in [15] which allows one to reduce the system (1) of the Stokes and continuity equation to two equations for two scalar functions —,x■ Namely, the solution of (1) can be represented in the form:
v = rot(rot(—k cos p) + X k sin p), P P
1 5 (T i) P = -t-(T-i—) cos p,
P dz
where —, x are scalar functions of two variables (P, z) satisfying the equations:
L-i — = 0, L-ix = 0, d2 d2 1 d
1 dz2 + dp2 p dp The velocity components is related with these functions by the following manner:
d 1 d—
vz = (-^)cosP, (2)
dP P dP
d 1 d— x
VP = + ~2 )cOSP, (3)
dP P dz P2
^ = -(-^ + -(-)) sinP. (4)
1_ &È + _d_ ( x
"p2 dz dp p
The no-slip boundary condition (zero velocity at the boundary) is as follows
(-(1 dÈ )) dp p dp
(—( — (1 dÈ)N .1 dÈ) (dp[pdp[p dz)) p2 dz)
( d pp - » - x
dp dp p p2
Moreover, v —> 0 if z —>• oo.
p=Ro
p=Ro
p=Ro
0, 0,
3. Problem solution
Note that the functions —, x corresponding to the rotlet in free space are as follows
—o = z2 + P2, Xo Z
■sfz^TJ2
We seek the solution in the form — = — 0 + x = X0 + X1■ At first, let us consider the problem for x1 ■
d 2Xi + 10xl = 0
dz2 dP2 P dP
322
I. V. Blinova
(§-<4(*)) - ^)
dp dp p p2
p=Ro dp dp p p2
p=Ro
Making the Fourier transform F in respect to z, one gets
-k2X + X'P - p xp = 0,
( 9 ( 9 (X^ X) dp dp p p2
d d Xo^ Xo, = - (—))--2 )
p=Ro dp dp p p
p=Ro
Here X(k,p) = F(xi(z,p)), X0(k,p) = F(xo(z,p))- Note that X,X0 should be considered as distributions. One can solve the problem and find X and, correspondingly, x :
X = Xo + Xi, (5)
Xi = F-1(X )
1
AJi (ikp)elkz dk
(do (pdo ( o )) J° )
A=
p=Ro
(7T (pTT (^^)) - ^^) ^op^' op^ p ' ' p2 '
p=Ro
where Ji is the Bessel function.
Consider the problem for ty. Making the Fourier transform in respect to z, one obtains the equation
d2 1 (-k2 + ^ - = 0,
dp
P
where ^(k,p) = F(^(z,p)). To construct the solution to the boundary problem, we need two linearly independent solutions having no singularity at zero. One of them is, evidently, Ji(lkp). The second solution is sought in the form f(p)Ji(lkp). Routine procedure gives us the expression for f (p) :
f( ) fp pidpi [pi J2(ikp2)d )
f(p) = -dp2)-
Jo Ji(lkpi) Jo p2
The solution is linear combination of these two functions with coefficients determined by the boundary conditions. As a result, one has:
^ = A + ^i, (6)
^i = F-i(^i)
1
V2n
^i(k, p)e zdk
*i(k,p)= bia22 - b2ai2 Ji(ikp)
&ii a22 — a2iai2
b2aii — bia2i aiia22 — a2i ai2
f (p)Ji(lkp),
d 1 dJi(lkp) aii = ( dp( -p~d^-))
p=Ro
d 1 d(f (p)Ji(lkp)) ai2 = ( dp( ~p-dp-))
p=Ro
. d . d ,Ji(lkp)^ Ji(lkp)
a2i = (T-(pTT (-)) —
*dp dp p
p2
p=Ro
d d f(p)Ji(lkp) f(p)Ji(lkp)
a22 = (T-(pT~ (-))--2-)
dp dp p p2
p=Ro
)
* = _ ( U «Ä
dp p dp
p=Ro
d d (^c(p))) , ^o(p),
b2 = (-)) + -r~ )
dp dp p p2 p=Ro
Inserting of expressions (5), (6) for x and è into (2), allows one to obtain the velocity and the pressure fields.
Acknowledgements
The work was supported by FTP "Scientific and Educational Human Resources for Innovation-Driven Russia" (contract 16.740.11.0030), grant 11-08-00267 of RFBR, FTP "Researches and Development in the Priority Directions Developments of a Scientific and Technological Complex of Russia 2007-2013" (state contract 07.514.11.4146) and grants of the President of Russia (state contract 14.124.13.2045-MK and grant MK-1493.2013.1).
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