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Protistology ■ 21
infer the morphology of the tintinnid ancestor's morphology. Especially, the ventral organelles of the Tintinnidiidae require a closer inspection owing to their uncommon de-novo-origin which contrasts the intrakinetal proliferation of basal bodies in the other somatic kineties of the Tintinnidiidae and the somatic ciliature in all other tintinnids. Accordingly, the morphology of lorica and cell of T. mucicola are described based on live observations and protargol-impregnated material and the cell division pattern is analysed with special emphasis on the development of the ventral organelles. The study indicates that all somatic ciliary rows of T. mucicola are exclusively dikinetidal and develop by intrakinetal proliferation of basal bodies and thus demonstrate the plesiomorphic character states already present in the dorsal rows of the euplotids and hypotrichs as well as in the girdle and ventral kineties of the Oligotrichida. The species has two obliquely orientated kineties resembling the ventral organelles in the other Tintinnidium species and the monotypic genus Membranicola. Hence, the ancestor of the tintinnids apparently had exclusively dikinetidal somatic kineties all reproducing by intrakinetal proliferation of basal bodies, and the de-novo-origin of the ventral organelles in the remaining Tintinnidiidae necessitates confirmation. The study was financially supported by the Austrian Science Fund (FWF): Project P28790.
THE BLACK SEA TINTINNIDS (SPIROTRI-CHEA, CHOREOTRICHIA, TINTINNIDA): CURRENT STATE OF BIODIVERSITY AND SPECIES COMPOSITION Gavrilova N.A.
Institute of Marine Biological Researches, Russian Academy ofScience, Plankton department, Laboratory ofmicroplankton [email protected]
According to literary and own data considering recent nomenclature revision there were 20 tintinnid choreotrich species in the Black Sea: Codonella lagenula, Helicostomella subulata, Tintinnopsis campanula, T. compressa, T. lobiancoi, T. rossolimi, T. baltica, T. karajacensis, T. cylindrica, T. tubulosa, T. beroidea, T. meunieri, T. urnula, T. minuta, Tintinnidium mucicola, Metacylis jorgensenii, M. mereschkovskii, Favella ehrenbergii, Stenosemella ventricosa and S. nivalis.
It should be noted that against the background of stable level of tintinnid diversity we observed the significant changes in the species composition ofthe group. Thus from 2001 to 2015 we registered 8 invasive species: Eutintinnus lususundae, E. tubulosus, E. apertus, Eutintinnus sp., Salpingella decurtata,
Tintinnopsis tocantinensis, Rhizodomus tagatzi and Amphorellopsis acuta replacing the indigenous species as Codonella lagenula, Helicostomella subulata, T. compressa, T. lobiancoi, T. rossolimi and Metacylis jorgensenii. However, the indigenous Tintinnopsis campanula, which was not observed during 10 years (since 1999) again, began to be present in the plankton from 2009 constantly. The finds of alien species are not rare, during certain seasons they reach high abundances. For example, such species as Eutintinnus lususundae and E. tubulosa are often dominating in the plankton community.
The reasons for mentioned changes are not known exactly. It is possible that these related with invasion of ctenophore Mnemiopsis leidyi into the Black Sea, which caused significant changes in the plankton community structure. Resulting the current list of the Black Sea Tintinnida consist of 23 species including invasive.
MITOCHONDRIAL TRANSCRIPTOME OF LEPTOMONAS PYRRHOCORIS H10 - CLOSE MONOXENOUS RELATIVE OF LEISHMANIA CLADE
Gerasimov E.S.1, Flegontov P.N.2, Gasparyan A.V.1, Logacheva M.D.3, Kolesnikov A.A.1
1 - DepartmentofBiology, M.V. LomonosovMoscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
2 - Biology Centre, Institute of Parasitology, Czech Academy of Sciences, 370 05 Ceske Budejovice (Budweis), Czech Republic
3 - Beloz.ersky Institute of Physico-ChemicalBiology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119991, Moscow, Russia
Mitochondrial genome of trypanosomatids have several unusual traits both in it's structural organization and in it's expression. About 22 mitochondrial genes are compactly grouped in coding region of maxicircle - major coding component of the mt-genome. Some transcripts undergo extensive RNA-editing process before they become mature mRNAs and this is mediated by small gRNAs coded in minicircles. Biological advantages of such complex expression system remains unclear but it definitely plays crucial role in mitochondrial genome expression. Editing is well-studied in some dixenous species like Trypanosoma brucei and Leishmania tarentolae but less data exists for monoxenous species. In this work we present a full mitochondrial transcriptome map of Leptomonas pyrrhocoris H10 generated using RNAseq data. The overall transcription profile appeared to be similar to profile of Leishmania tarentolae.
22 • "PROTIST—2016
Optimized U-insertion\deletion search software TAligner and usage of NGS technology enabled us to focus on molecular intermediates of editing process and build detailed editing graphs for all maxicircle cryptogenes. Reconstruction of editing process in cryptogenes showed that in most cases editing can proceed in a variety of alternative ways yielding ORFs with lots of aminoacid substitutions or even with alternative protein product. Our results suggest that editing can be the major driving force ofrapid adaptation to environment changes through the generation of proteins diversity.
GENETIC DIVERSITY OF CENTROHELID HELIOZOA IN BRACKISH INLAND WATERS OF RUSSIA
Gerasimova Elena, Plotnikov Andrey Institute for Cellular and Intracellular Symbiosis UB RAS, Orenburg, Russia [email protected]
Centrohelid heliozoa are ubiquitous, unicellular, non-ciliate phagoheterotrophs with slender radiating axopodia for trapping prey. Centrohelids have a cosmopolitan distribution; inhabit benthos and periphyton in both marine and freshwaters ecosystems, in communities they play role of predators grazing on other microorganisms. At present both genetic and morphological approaches for their taxonomy and classification are used. Morphological and genetic diversity of heliozoa in environmental saline and brackish waters has been studied very poorly. Genetic diversity of centrohelids with group-specific originally designed primers was studied by NGS with MiSeq (Illumina). Fifteen samples from brackish inland water bodies of Russia with mineralization 2-20%c were examined. As a result 40 OTUs were obtained. Most of the environmental OTUs (32) were aligned with Polyplacocystis contractilis (AB196984, NCBI) with support 99% and were placed inside Pterocystina clade. This fact indicates that the most common habitants in brackish waters are related to this particular genetic variant of centrohelida. Other OTUs with 26% and 28% support grouped with environmental centrohelidian sequences from hypersaline habitats and occupied a basal position in Pterocystina A clade.
The research was performed in the Center of Shared Scientific Equipment «Persistence of microorganisms» of ICIS UB RAS and was supported by RSF (14-14-00515) and RFBR (15-2902749,16-44-560234).
BIOGEOGRAPHY AND THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF MORPHOSPECIES IN THE GENUS MAYORELLA (AMOEBOZOA, DISCOSEA, LONGAMOEBIA) Glotova A.A.
Department ofInvertebrate Zoology, Faculty ofBiology, St. PetersburgState University, Saint Petersburg, Russia [email protected]
Due to the lack of biogeographical data for the majority of naked lobose amoebae genera, the genetic structure of amoebae morphospecies have been previously observed only in several species from Flabellinia group (Amoebozoa, Discosea). Further extensive study of amoebae biogeography including species from different phylogenetic lineages is clearly required given the assumption of amoebae significance for freshwater microhabitat function based on their abundance. In this study Cox I and 18S rDNA genes were used as DNA barcodes in order to identify strains of the genus Mayorella (Discosea, Longamoebia) in addition to morphological data, that allowed to elucidate the morphospecies genetic structure and general principles of their distribution in a global scale and to evaluate resolving power ofvarious identification approaches. The samples were collected from distant freshwater habitats of North America, Europe and Russian Far East. Results contributed to the amoebae morphospecies conception which represents it as a limited set of genetic lineages. Supported with SPSU project 1.38.251.2014
DEEP SEQUENCING OF ANCIENT 18S RDNA
IN SEDIMENT CORES FROM CONTINENTAL
SHELVES OF CHINA
Gong J., Wang Y., Zhu P., Zhang Q.
Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese
Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, China
Protists/phytoplankton in overlying waters and terrestrial biomaterials could be transported, deposited and buried in sediments on continental shelves of marginal seas. Some of these ancient DNA could be preserved, serving as a powerful proxy for reconstructing past regimes of the ecosystems. We obtained three sediment cores each about 2.5 meters in length from three sites at the Bohai Sea (the mouth of Yellow River, shorted as YR) and Yellow Sea (the northern basin, NYS, and southern basins, SYS). The DNA was extracted and quantified and subjected to high throughput sequencing of eukaryotic 18S rDNA fragment using Illumina MiSeq. Classification using pipelines indicated the
