206ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN EDUCATIONAL SCIENCES VOLUME 2 | ISSUE 3 | 2021
ISSN: 2181-1385
Scientific Journal Impact Factor (SJIF) 2021: 5.723 METHODS TO DEVELOP SPEAKING SKILLS IN MODERN PEDAGOGY
Rano Iskandarovna Abdurahmonova
Teacher of the Department of Foreign Languages, Chirchik State Pedagogical Institute of Tashkent region
ABSTRACT
Obviously, the requirement of learning foreign languages demonstrates rapid increase and people are attempting to learn English more than before because of its dominance that there is no door without its visiting. Especially modern pedagogy is expected to educate oral speech of target language fast, interestingly and more effectively. For this purpose, this paper analyzes importance of speaking skills. Also, it focuses on introducing some productive methods and activities for teachers.
Keywords: speaking, English language, classroom, teacher and student, method, activity.
INTRODUCTION
For some decades, English has become dominant and universal language that is going on every branches of society. Due to the fact that, oral communication has already been the key part of humanity people are willing to use any foreign language orally in real life with native and non-native speakers.IN this case, educational establishments are the most important place to learn the target language. the main aim of teaching English in our secondary schools is to enable students to communicate in English so that they become able to enroll in the labor market and to cope with the challenges of higher education as well. Speaking is one of the four language skills (reading, writing, listening and speaking). It is the means through which learners can communicate with others to achieve certain goals or to express their opinions, intentions, hopes and viewpoints. Speaking skills are needed for expressing one's ideas and opinions as well as impressing the others. Good speakers can win lakhs of hearts with their impressive, attractive and attentive talk. It is not enough to face the challenges today and the teachers have to realize that they need to focus more on this skill to prepare the learners for employment, interaction with others and perform well at work places.
METHODOLOGY
According to Chaney, "Speaking is the process of building and sharing meaning through the use of verbal and non-verbal symbols in a variety of contexts". Harmer shows the role of a teacher as an organizer in the following way: Engage^instruct (demonstrate) -Mnitiate^ organize ^feedback.
Speaking skills aid learners in getting success in all fields of life. A good knowledge of vocabulary and a wide range of the English language skills help learners in having better opportunities in their future career. Once the learners attain good command over both grammar and vocabulary, they can perform well in their speaking skills. Having talent in expressing their own ideas with good speaking skills is a passport for success in their life. Good speaking skills even widen the options in selecting a suitable job.
Since speaking is considered one of the language productive skills, according to the intention of the scientist, Brown has classified them into five types: imitative, intensive, responsive, interactive and extensive.
1. Imitative speaking is the learners' ability to parrot back or repeat the others' speech as a word, a phrase or a sentence. This type of repetition involves grammar and lexis which are necessary to interact in a conversation or to convey the meaning.
2. Intensive speaking is the product of short discourses where the learners have to complete the tasks like reading aloud and completing sentences and dialogues. 3.Responsive speaking involves two persons or two groups in short conversations, small talk and simple requests to make them authentic.
4. Interactive speaking involves transactional language and interpersonal language. Transactional language is meant for exchanging information whereas interpersonal language for social relationships.
5. Extensive speaking is more deliberative and formal for extensive tasks and it involves speeches, oral presentations and storytelling.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Although the fact that, teachers can explain the target-grammar, put audios to enhance listening or develop vocabulary-bank, the main issue is considered using target language in real life situations. Modern educationalists can solve this problem probably by using various teaching activities in order to improve speaking skills of learners and in the following there some activities for this:
1.Show and Tell
To organize this activity, students can be asked to bring to school an object to show and tell about. This is lots of fun because students will often bring in something that's meaningful to them or which gives them pride. That means they'll have plenty to talk about. Also, instead of having students bring their own objects, a teacher can provide an object of his/her own and ask them to try to explain what they think it is and what its purpose is. Another option is to bring in pictures for them to talk about. This could be discussed with a partner or in a group, before presenting ideas in front of the whole class.It serves to create a friendship atmosphere and develop team working skills.
3. PechaKucha
If students have laptops and are reasonably familiar with presentation software such as PowerPoint, then all that's left to acquire for this activity is access to an LCD projector. Students can have a lot of fun speaking while giving a presentation to the class. Using projected images helps to distract some attention away from the speaker and can be helpful for shy students.
The "PechaKucha" style of presentation can give added interest with each student being allowed to show 20 slides only for 20 seconds each (the timing being controlled by the software so that the slides change automatically) or whatever time limit trainer chooses. It could be made it 10 sides for 15 seconds each, namely Teachers could also add rules such as "no more than 3 words on each slide" or "no words" so that students must really talk and not just read the slides. They need to be given a good amount of time, either at home or in class, to prepare themselves and practice their timing. It can also be prepared and presented in pairs, with each partner speaking for half of the slides.
4. Bingo
Many people think of this game as a listening activity, but it can very quickly become a speaking activity. There are a number of ESL websites that will allow to quickly create a set of Bingo cards containing up to 25 words, phrases or even whole sentences. They'll allow you to make as many unique cards as you need to distribute a different card to each student in class. Each card can contain the same set of words arranged differently, or you can choose to have more or less than 25 items involved. Rather than having students mark up their cards, students can be given markers such as stones or sunflower seeds to place on each square as they recognize it. This way the markers can be removed and the game can be repeated. For the first round, the teacher should "call" the game. The first student to get five markers in a row in any direction
shouts out "Bingo!" Then mentors should have this student read out every item in their winning row. The winner is congratulated and then rewarded by becoming the next Caller. This is a great speaking opportunity. Everyone removes their markers and the game starts again. Every expression that's called tends to be repeated quietly by everyone in the room, and by the end of a session everyone can say all of the expressions on the card.
CONCLUSION
By the way of conclusion, since speaking is common way of communication, not only native language but also foreign languages should be easy to talk orally. In order to improve ability to speak in foreign languages both teachers and learners ought to be activated in every lesson. Teachers should organize some beneficial speaking activities among students and encourage them to participate during the lesson as well as students should be show their inner ability actively and try to be active.
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