Methodology of the future physical culture teachers professional training level increase in terms of summer health camp Текст научной статьи по специальности «Науки об образовании»

Ryabchuk A.V. - Candidate of Biological Sciences, Associate Professor, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Tyumen State University", 625003, Russia, Tyumen, Semakova str., House 10, e-mail: aryabchuk@,bk.ru

Labeshchenkov O.V. - Senior Lecturer, Federal State Public Military Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Tyumen Higher Military-Engineering Command College (Military Institute) Named After Marshal of Engineers Corps A.I. Proshlyakov", 625001, Russia, Tyumen, Tolstogo str., House 1, kzm_diss@mail.ru

DOI 10.14526/02_2018_327

METHODOLOGY OF THE FUTURE PHYSICAL CULTURE TEACHERS PROFESSIONAL TRAINING LEVEL INCREASE IN TERMS OF SUMMER HEALTH

CAMP

Shakurova L. F.1

1 Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov " Russia, Ulyanovsk, ld_nazarenko@mail.ru

Annotation. Summer health camp, as a rule, is situated close to forest area, close to water and it creates conditions for effective use of natural powers. Together with physical exercises it provides powerful health improving effect. Research methods: scientific-methodical literature analysis and systematization, pedagogical experiment, testing; evaluation criteria creation for professional readiness level estimation among future physical culture teachers, statistical data handling. Materials. The article is about the effectiveness of health improving capacity use of summer health camps, which is mainly conditioned by professional readiness level of the future teachers. It proves the necessity to provide theoretical, methodical and practical readiness of physical culture and sport department students in order to reveal and realize creative potential of different forms of physical exercises use together with natural environmental conditions: fresh air, dosed ultraviolet radiation and also hydrotherapeutic procedures in order to solve the problems of children's and teen-agers' health improvement, their mental and physical working capacity increase, the need for systematic influence of physical load formation. Results. The characteristic of the main natural locomotions are presented, the use of which in terms of summer camp provides interest formation in different physical culture forms and means, individual rational techniques of different kinds of walking and running mastering, which increases considerably the volume of motor activity, forms need for physical exercises use as the means of "sense of muscle joy" formation. Conclusion. The created methodology of professional training improvement of the future physical culture teachers provides the skills of physical upbringing different unusual forms creative use formation, conditioned by the peculiarities and capacities of summer health camp, which helps to organize the process of children health improvement, powerful influence taking into account of natural factors of environment.

Keywords: summer health camp, methodology of professional training development among future physical culture teachers.

For citations: Shakurova L.F Methodology of the future physical culture teachers professional training level increase in terms of summer health camp. The Russian Journal of Physical Education

and Sport (Pedagogico-Phycological and Medico-Biological Problems of Physical Culture and Sports). 2018; 13(2): 166-172. DOI 10.14526/02_2018_327

INTRODUCTION

Nowadays considerable structural-content and functional changes happen in the state system of the Russian Federation education. These changes are conditioned by modern political, ideological and social claims on school-leavers and graduates. The main objective of education is many-sided development of a personality, which is able to adapt to new life conditions, master the most urgent information from a great volume of information, providing spiritual-moral, intellectual, psychological individuality of a personality development. Special role in educational process belongs to physical culture. Physical culture is an educational subject, directed at biological, psychological and social aspects of students' life development. Different forms, means and methods of physical upbringing should be directed at a child's motor potential revelation and harmonization. V.K. Balsevich, 2007; S.I. Zakharov, 2008; V.I. Stolyarov, 2009; L.D. Nazarenko, 2003, 2014, think that the main aim of physical upbringing among schoolchildren is culture of health formation. However, the difficulty of this pedagogical concept theses realization is in physical culture teachers' unwillingness to fulfill practical activity in a given direction. L.I. Lubysheva, 2006, mentioning negative tendencies in junior schoolchildren's health state, considers that in spite of created in most school's normal conditions for physical upbringing, satisfactory level of physical culture teachers professional readiness, functional indices of pupils become worse. The results of the following authors research works: L.D. Nazarenko, E.A. Anisimova, 2003, 2015; V.K. Balsevich, 2007; S.D. Neverkovich, 2010; Z.M. Kuznetsova, 2011; L.I. Kostyunina, 2014 and others prove a low level of pupils' physical readiness and physical development; considerable decrease of health state; motivation and interest in physical exercises decrease. Special literature

analysis showed, that the scientists in the sphere of physical culture and sport offer different approaches to the system of physical upbringing development at school, such as schoolchildren's lessons organization according to their sports preferences [5,6]; school process of physical upbringing optimization by means of original means introduction [11,12]; pedagogical concept realization of health culture formation [7]; pedagogical conditions organization of pupils' health preservation in educational space of school and others [2, 10].

The aim of this research work is theoretical and experimental substantiation of professional training development among physical culture teachers in terms of summer health camps.

Objectives: 1. To reveal the peculiarities of physical-health improving and sports-mass events organization at summer health camp and the degree of physical culture and sport department students' readiness for their organization.

2. To create the methodology of the future teachers professional training development on the basis of health improving and aesthetic functions of physical culture and sport realization, check its effectiveness during the pedagogical experiment.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

The attitude of children and teen-agers to physical culture at school is mainly conditioned by the personality and professional level of a teacher. The degree of satisfaction with physical exercises is a psychological problem (taking into account motives, needs, interests, character of interactions between a teacher and students); pedagogical problem (choosing teaching means and methods, the ways of pupils organization, their activity estimation); physiological problem (taking into account the mechanism of adaptation to physical load, kinds of physical exercises, gradual increase of training load volume and intensity) and

social problem (image improvement, social status improvement). The research works of S.I. Zakharov, 2008, prove the absence of schoolchildren's interest in physical culture lessons because of low emotionality, monotony of motor tasks. In the opinion of L.I. Lubysheva, 2006, physical culture lesson at school should be considered as an integrative subject, which influences the formation of intellectual, biological, psychological and social essences of a pupil. Different forms of physical upbringing, adequate means, highly-aesthetic physical exercises, variative character of their fulfillment ways, systematic optimal muscular load make physical culture an important component of each pupil's personal development. This, in the authors' opinion, places high demands on physical culture teacher's professional training, the level of which doesn't correspond to the modern demands of time.

In the Law of the Russian Federation "On education" (2012), "Concepts of a long-term social-economic development for the period till 2020", "National doctrine of education development in the Russian Federation till 2025" one of the main requirements for the state system of education is formulated: spiritual-moral personality formation, oriented at a healthy life style; it is underlined that the main objective of education is a responsible attitude upbringing to own health as the highest social value. This difficult aim achievement is connected with the necessity to improve professional training of physical culture teacher, who is to form the basis of importance understanding of physical exercises systematic use as the leading means of physical state and health indices improvement. Summer health camp has great opportunities for creative potential revelation of students from physical culture and sport department, the role and place of physical culture and sport realization in moral, socially active personality formation with a developed sense of responsibility for own health state, which helps to contribute to a steady

economic and cultural development of the country [10].

The peculiarity of summer health camp is the opportunity to use maximum natural factors of environment, which have therapeutic impact on an organism. Being situated in a forest, close to water, in the open air, a camp provides maximum opportunities for healing powers of environment use. There are negative electric ions in a fresh air, full of healing aroma of herbs, leaves of different trees, bushes and flowers. Influencing nerve endings of a body open parts air improves chemical composition of blood, improves blood circulation in cardiorespiratory and other physiological systems, including cerebrum.

Ultraviolet sun rays provide vitamin A and D and other necessary for an organism substances, which condition metabolism activation, increase erythrocytes and hemoglobin, which stimulate mental and physical working capacity, improve endurance. In case of everyday hydrotherapeutic procedures: rub-down, dousing with water, swimming - an organism resistance to unfavorable changes of environment temperature increases. During summer children spend a lot of time in the open air wearing light clothes, which give an opportunity to use natural factors of health improvement, the influence of which increases considerably with the help of physical exercises. It creates unique opportunities for involving children and teenagers into physical culture and sport. However, the effectiveness of the used physical exercises is conditioned by the level of the future physical culture teacher professional training, his ability to use physical culture and sport values in combination with healing powers of nature, new unusual forms of lessons application not available in terms of school.

RESEARCH RESULTS AND THEIR DISCUSSION

We created the methodology of creative approach to the skills revelation and realization during physical-health improving

and sports-mass activity of children and teenagers organization at summer health camp. The methodology provided the skills of walking and running formation - natural locomotions, which have considerable influence on a person's health.

During walking different groups of muscles are active, in which small blood vessels broaden and their volume increases owing to repository blood from liver, spleen, areolar tissue mobilization. Arterial blood increase and its circulation provide tissues cellular nourishing improvement; lungs ventilation increases, breathing becomes deeper and it enriches organism with oxygen; heart works in suspend mode. However, the value of walking as the most available means of physical culture and sport decreases considerably during formalistic approach to its use, when children disorderly move along the stadium, not paying attention to body, head, the upper extremities position, accuracy of spatio-temporal and spatio-power parameters of steps.

During the methodology creation of rational walking teaching we took into account the peculiarities of summer health camp and the opportunity to use effectively natural powers of environment: fresh air, sun rays and water. Children fulfilled different kinds of walking along the outside perimeter of camp territory, where special foot path was prepared. Along the whole path flags of different colors showed the parts of the path, where children were to move using different ways of moving: from a red flag to a blue flag- marching step with a clear wave of the hand, emphasized legs position; from a blue flag to a green flag - lunges with a wide amplitude of hands swing movements; from a green flag to an orange flag - half-squat walking, preserving straight back position, looking straight ahead, hands on hips; from an orange flag to a violet flag - walking right-side ahead with crossed step, hands sideway, holding a nice bearing and high head position and etc. Physical culture teacher-controlled movements of each child, giving corresponding methodical instructions

("breathe deeper"; "set back shoulders", "don't leave the line"; "hold the distance" and others). For the best fulfillment of the walking kinds the group was rewarded with some sweet prize. Great attention in the camp was paid to running technique teaching, which is physiological, available kind of physical exercises. Slow running creates comfortable conditions for functional systems activity. During running we have blood circulation improvement, arterial pressure becomes normal; positive hormonal shifts happen: there is special enzyme increase in blood, which prevents atherosclerosis. Rational breathing during running fulfills the functions of lungs massage; jumping type running and running with high hip lifting provide prelum abdominale muscles strengthening. However, a universal, positive influence of running on an organism is achieved in case of technically correct running steps fulfillment.

Created by us methodology of creative approach formation to physical-health improving and sports-mass work organization at a summer camp provided the use of different ways of running exercises fulfillment:

- single column, preserving 3 steps distance between people;

- double column, column of fours and six people with the given interval;

and also, kinds of running steps:

- free running;

- running with leg lap backwards;

- festinating running;

- running with high hip lifting;

- jumping type running.

Great attention was paid to the upper and lower extremities movements coordination; the amplitude of oscillatory body motions decrease in front-back and side direction. For individual technique of running steps development the following things were used: special marking in order to control the length of a step; corridors (poles were placed at the beginning and the end of the running track, shoulder girdle altitude fuses were pulled on these poles, which restricted the

amplitude of body oscillation in side direction and others).

Sports competitions were held not only taking into account speed of running, but also the technique of running steps, which was estimated according to each kind. The mark was given according to 5-point system and was included into the total score of the team. Winners got some sweet prize for the whole team. Morning exercises were held in the camp only in combination with health improving running. During morning running along a special path, situated along outer camp territory perimeter, children were to find the hidden envelope with the kind of morning exercises:

- "a hedgehog" - a complex of short stylized jerky movements, which demand attention and coordination of the upper and lower extremities movements;

- "kolobok" (gingerbread man) - a complex of physical exercises on a small piece of cloth, including roll-up actions, physical exercises (fulfilled sitting and lying), changing high positions into low positions and vice versa;

- "a fox" - smooth, slow, power and swing exercises.

A chosen kind of morning exercises was fulfilled taking into account accuracy, beauty and expressiveness of movements. The best group got the right of outdoor or sports game choice: gorodki (kind of skittles), lapta (a ball game), tug-of-war, pioneer-ball (a ball game), street-ball and others. At the end of morning exercises children had cold rub-down with the help of the towel, which was prepared beforehand. During physical and sports events organization judges were children, who didn't participate in this kinds of events and also all teachers, who were given necessary instructions before the beginning of the competitions.

In order to check the effectiveness of created by us methodology a pedagogical experiment was held. 39 second course students from physical culture and sport department of Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University named after I.N. Ulyanov took part

in the experiment. Two groups were organized: the control group (CG) - 19 people, the experimental group (EG) - 20 people. Before the pedagogical experiment students were offered to hold some forms of physical exercises: morning exercises; outdoor game and sports game; walking and running sports competition. The future physical culture teachers preferred the following kinds of exercises:

I - a complex of exercises for morning gymnastics, fulfilled pied ferine. Differences were in location of children: standing in a circle; in two and four ranks;

II -choosing outdoor game of sports game the future graduates of physical culture and sport department preferred "pioneer-ball";

III - running competitions were held in two kinds: "cheerful starts" and 60 meters running.

These forms of physical exercises organization and realization among the students from the CG and the EG almost didn't differ from the similar forms in terms of town (p>0,05).

In order to reveal the level of the future physical culture teachers' professional readiness the following criteria were used:

- deep understanding of physical exercises physiological mechanism influence on the organism of those, who train;

- forms and means of physical culture and sport selection, taking into account age-related and other peculiarities of children and teen-agers and also the conditions of summer health camp organization;

- different forms of physical exercises and pedagogical control use over motor tasks fulfilment.

Evaluation criteria (according to 5-point system):

5 points - knowing the mechanism of physical exercises influence on an organism; the level of environment natural factors use skills formation during children's physical-sports activity organization at a summer camp; pedagogical control use over the quality of motor tasks fulfillment;

4 points - understanding the essence of physical exercises and their influence on an organism; the ability to use the peculiarities of summer health camp in physical-sports work; creative approach demonstration during lessons organization;

3 points - different forms of physical-sports activity organization, using pedagogical methods of control;

2 points - physical-health improving and sports-mass activity organization not taking into account health improving and aesthetic functions of physical culture and sport;

1 point - not understanding structural content of physical exercises, the importance of their mastering and rational technique, the peculiarities of exercises organization at a summer health camp.

In the CG lessons were held according to curriculum; in the EG created by us methodology of professional training development among the future teachers was used, on the basis of health improving and aesthetic functions of physical culture and sport realization. After the pedagogical experiment one more test was held to check the level of the future teachers professional training using the same evaluation criteria, which were given by the commission of experts (qualified teachers of physical culture and sport department). The received results analysis showed their improvement in both groups - CG and EG, with the evident advantage of students from the EG. With the initial results of understanding the mechanisms of physical exercises influence on an organism in CG 2,81±0,24 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices improved till 3,01±0,18 points, (p>0,05); in EG with the initial results 2,79±0,21 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results increased till 3,77±0,24 points, (p<0,05). In the CG with the initial results of different physical culture and sport forms and means use skills formation, taking into account the peculiarities of summer health camp organization 2,72±0,19 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the indices

improved till 2,99±0,20 points, (p>0,05); in the EG with the initial results 2,73±0,16 points, to the end of the pedagogical experiment the results improved till 3,84±0,25 points, (p<0,05).

CONCLUSION

Thus, the results of the pedagogical experiment showed that the level of the future physical culture teacher professional training is conditioned by different kinds of pedagogical activity organization, taking into account the conditions of their realization: the process of physical upbringing organization among schoolchildren of a comprehensive school in terms of summer health camp, in a touristic trip and etc. Such kind of an approach provides thorough study of physical upbringing and sport organization peculiarities, taking into account different kinds and forms of pedagogical activity; physical culture and sport functions: educational, health-improving, upbringing, aesthetic, developing. Physical culture and sport effectiveness, their influence on children and teen-agers are mainly determined by the level of a teacher's professional training. This is taken into account during teachers' activity organization, at physical culture and sport department of pedagogical higher educational establishments, concerning students' theoretical, methodical and practical training provision. The use of the professional training methodology improvement among the future physical culture and sport teachers showed its effectiveness in training students for physical upbringing organization at a summer health camp.

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Author's information:

Shakurova L. F. - Senior Lecturer, Federal State Budgetary Educational Establishment of Higher Education "Ulyanovsk State Pedagogical University Named After I.N. Ulyanov", 432700, Russia, Ulyanovsk, The 100 Anniversary of V.I. Lenin's Birth Square, House 4, e-mail: ld_nazarenko@mail.ru