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METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR TRAFFIC OF ROAD VEHICLES USING SYSTEMS OF THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS
Mukhtar Kerimov1, Ravil Safiullin2, Aleksander Afanasyev3
12 Saint Petersburg State University of Architecture and Civil Engineering Vtoraja Krasnoarmejskaja ul. 4, St. Petersburg, Russia
3 Saint Petersburg Mining University 21st Line, 2, St. Petersburg, Russia
safravi@mail.ru2
Abstract
Relevant issues of the implementation of systems of the automatic photo-video recording of administrative violations in the field of ensuring road safety are considered. The promising directions of forming control functions for traffic of road vehicles (RV) using systems of the automated control of transportation vehicles are substantiated. A model of the development of multipurpose automated control systems for traffic of road vehicles is developed. Characterization of life cycle stages with regard to the existing systems of the automated photo-video recording of administrative violations in road traffic taking into account features of their operation is carried out.
A result of the carried out research is a developed technique for the optimal implementation of operational and technical control facilities in the field of ensuring road safety (RS), an obtained dependence of financial expenditures for the maintenance of the complex operability during service life, as well as of a level of decrease in the accident rate at specific sites of the street and road network or individual territorial entities of the Russian Federation.
Keywords
Automatic photo-video recording facilities, administrative violations in road traffic, automated control, life cycle, effectiveness, road vehicles.
Introduction
One of the criteria of transfer to a new level in the development of road vehicles and technology of their use is the wide-spread implementation of continuous monitoring and conditions of their operation. The development of smart transport systems (STS) is the most promising direction of scientific studies in the world. Such systems provide the possibility of the intelligent interaction with single road vehicles or with a traffic flow by means of information and communication technologies in order to improve the effectiveness of the above-ground transport use and enhance the improvement of road safety (GOST R ISO 14813-1-2011).
Methods
Ensuring road safety is a complex problem. The practice of the formulation of scientific and technical tasks and managerial decision making in this field gives evidence of the need of accounting the hierarchy of the structure of
road and transport systems and technologies being implemented in them, time-to-time variability of street and road network characteristics, technical characteristics of the fleet of road vehicles and probabilistic nature of conditions of their functioning (GOST R ISO 14813-1-2011).
The road and transport accident rate depends on various reasons of technical, technological, organizational, and methodological nature. The analysis of statistical data confirms that reserves of the improvement of the mechanism ensuring road safety by the operational practice are far from being exhausted (Safiullin, Kerimov, 2016). TThe foregoing explains the relevancy of the task to bring the operational control system of the road and transport accident rate in compliance with principles of road safety system management.
A multiple regression analysis was carried out to analyze the influence of various factors on the number of road traffic accidents (RTA) in individual regions of the Russian Federation. The following were accepted as factors:
Mukhtar Kerimov, Ravil Safiullin, Aleksander Afanasyev — Pages 26-33 METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR TRAFFIC OF ROAD VEHICLES USING SYSTEMS OF
THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS
DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2017-2-3-26-33
- specific index, characterizing the ratio of the number of vehicles to the number of issued regulations on administrative violations (x) vehicle/unit;
- the amount of paid traffic tickets*105 (x2), RUR;
- number of stationary automatic recording facilities (ARF) (x3), pcs.;
- number of portable ARFs (x4), pcs.;
- number of transportable ARFs (x5), pcs.;
- number of mobile ARFs (x6), pcs.;
- availability of a sign of ARF action (x7), pcs.;
- population density in the region (xs), person/km2;
- transport density in the region (x) unit/km2;
- mileage of automotive roads (x10), km;
- population of the region*106 (x11), persons;
- territory of the region (x12), km2;
- number of vehicles in the region (x13), units.
The number of RTAs (Y) is accepted as the accident rate index. To analyze the interrelation between the considered parameters, the statistical data for 2014 characterizing the influence of various factors on road safety in regions under study are used: Moscow, Moscow Region, Saint Petersburg, Leningrad Region, the Republic of Ta-tarstan, Voronezh Region, Saratov Region (Table 1).
The analysis shows that factors x9, x10 and x12 have the maximum influence on the RTA index. Factor x11 has the greatest influence, on which the RTA number depends by 88.4%, i.e. 0.942 = 0.884. Other factors are less significant (Safiullin et al., 2016).
Table 1. Statistical data characterizing the influence of factors on road safety
Factors Voronezh Region Moscow Moscow Region Saint Petersburg Leningrad Region Republic of Tatarstan Saratov Region
RTA 3,555 11,312 9,042 8,222 4,074 5,399 3,101
x, 3.62 12.23 5.90 1.76 1.13 7.82 0.99
x2 1,127.65 5,490.53 1,100.32 329.66 255.88 2,892.65 224.65
X3 39 708 186 66 66 201 26
^ 62 301 15 22 22 296 49
X5 1 5 0 0 0 0 0
X6 1 0 8 0 0 17 1
X7 38 70 89 75 75 39 42
xa 44.60 4,822.10 160.70 3,566.70 21.02 56.57 24.66
x9 13.72 261.50 18.22 521.63 8.13 9.14 6.73
X10 11,602 737 27,229 531 13,662 22,267 11,799
X11 2.33 13.11 7.33 5.13 1.70 3.84 2.50
X12 52,216 2,511 44,379 1,439 83,008 67,847 101,240
X13 716,388 656,766 808,847 750,623 682,385 620,688 681,453
Table 2. Correlation between various indices influencing road safety in regions under study
Column 1 Column 2 Column 3 Column 4 Column 5 Column 6 Column 7 Column 8 Column 9 Column 10 Column 11 Column 12 Column 13 Column 14
Row 1 1
Row 2 0.7006 1
Row 3 0.6309 0.9661 1
Row 4 0.7784 0.9146 0.9456 1
Row 5 0.3582 0.8471 0.9028 0.7459 1
Row 6 0.6170 0.7745 0.8657 0.9164 0.6247 1
Row 7 -0.0135 0.3447 0.2029 -0.0014 0.4564 -0.3061 1
Row 8 0.6576 0.0693 0.0303 0.2433 -0.3201 0.0869 -0.2376 1
Row 9 0.7833 0.4937 0.5811 0.7048 0.3753 0.7284 -0.3927 0.3635 1
Row 10 0.5812 0.0701 0.1305 0.2457 0.0165 0.2687 -0.3751 0.3776 0.8460 1
Row 11 -0.2555 -0.0234 -0.2194 -0.3086 -0.1017 -0.5378 0.7263 -0.0178 -0.7904 -0.7518 1
Row 12 0.9445 0.8273 0.7912 0.9123 0.5141 0.7981 -0.0420 0.4713 0.7691 0.4255 -0.2804 1
Row 13 -0.8416 -0.5010 -0.4813 -0.5665 -0.2383 -0.5580 0.2044 -0.4632 -0.8621 -0.8174 0.5411 -0.7373 1
Row 14 0.2554 -0.3062 -0.4788 -0.3000 -0.7354 -0.3066 -0.2250 0.6157 -0.0472 0.1898 0.1893 0.0763 -0.2757 1
It can be seen from the correlation table that some factors are correlated. For example, factors x1 and x2 have a relation estimated by the value of 0.96, and x2 and x3 — by the value of 0.95. Practically all factors have the positive correlation with RTAs, i.e. their increase leads to the increase in the RTA number.
Factors x6 , x10 and x12 have a negative correlation with RTAs, their increase leads to the decrease in the RTA number. A multiple regression analysis of the influence of factors x8 , x9 and x11 on the RTA number was carried out according to the Stat graphics program.
Table 2 presents statistical characteristics of the obtained dependence: equation factors, estimates of their reliability by t-criterion, the analysis of the influence degree of factors on the dependent variable (i.e. coefficients of multiple determination).
All coefficients are statistically significant and describe the influence on the dependent variable by 94.4%.
specified factors affect the management, technological and methodological aspects of the problem — tightening of road traffic regulations (RTR). The analysis of the obtained model shows that the main contribution to the accident rate is made by the number of registered transportation vehicles in a specific region — x1. The specified factor is considered in the model through a standard indicator — the number of vehicles per one photo-video recording (PVR) device. The recommended provision of the region with the automatic recording facilities is one complex per 6,500 transportation vehicles (Safiullin, Vo-rozhejkin, 2016; Kerimov, 2015).
Main Body
Life cycle stages of the facilities of automatic photo-video recording of RVR violations are presented in Figure 1.
The developed diagram of the life cycle of automatic photo-video recording facilities includes four stages (Ker-
Table 3. Statistical characteristics of the obtained mathematical model
Standard T
Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value
CONSTANT 1,326.05 698.759 1.89772 0.1540
x8 -1.09546 0.528357 -2.G7333 G.1298
x9 10.5527 3.81843 2.76361 G.G699
x11 1,033.04 172.974 5.97221 G.GG94
The mathematical model has the following form:
y = 1326,05 - 1,09546 * + 10,5527 * x9 + 1033,04 * (1)
By the degree of influence, factors have the following arrangement: x8, x11, x9 . The influence of factors is statistically significant.
The influence of factors x1, x2, x3 and x8 on RTAs has also a good statistically significant model:
y = 2379,24 + 1543,63 * x1 - 3,9134 * x2 + 9,4035 * x3 + 1,0307 * xB (2)
Statistical characteristics of the obtained model are presented in Table 4.
Table 4. Statistical characteristics of the mathematical model
Standard T
Parameter Estimate Error Statistic P-Value
CONSTANT 2,379.24 377.889 6.29614 0.0243
xi 1,543.63 193.139 7.99232 0.0153
x2 -3.91341 0.472106 -8.28924 0.0142
x3 9.40355 3.09578 3.03754 0.0934
x8 1.0307 0.153725 6.70487 0.0215
The developed mathematical model shows the dependence of the RTA number on factors x1, x2, xn . The
Figure 1. ARF life cycle diagram
imov, 2015).
Stage 1 — "local influence on the accident rate", whereon the increase in a number of systems of photo-video recording and debugging of their operation take place. At this stage, a noticeable growth of the revealed violations occurs. A result is a decrease in the accident rate in places of system location, however, the influence on the total accident rate turns out to be insignificant (Safiullin, Kerimov, 2016).
Stage 2 — "beginning of the system influence on the accident rate", at which ARF have stable operation. A number of systems is constantly increasing, a choice of places for installation is carried out on the basis of the focal analysis of RTAs. The detectability of violations of road traffic regulations increases. The influence on the accident rate on street sections equipped with ARFs is observed. The application of simulants and signal simulators is possible to improve the effectiveness of the ARF system at this stage. It is also necessary to apply operating systems of photo-video recording periodically in places of their use.
Stage 3 — "period of increase in the system influence of ARFs on the accident rat". A gradual decrease in the
Mukhtar Kerimov, Ravil Safiullin, Aleksander Afanasyev — Pages 26-33 METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR TRAFFIC OF ROAD VEHICLES USING SYSTEMS OF
THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS
DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2017-2-3-26-33
number of revealed administrative violations is observed at this stage, since the level of awareness of drivers of wide-spread control of traffic increases. As a consequence, the accident rate decreases. At the same time, the increase in the number of ARFs continues. Systems are installed in all newly revealed accident clusters and potentially dangerous locations and reach a required value at the end of the stage.
Stage 4 — "period of stable operation of a photo-video recording system", whereby the stabilization of all indices occurs. Therefore, further increase in the number of photo-video recording systems is inexpedient (Safiullin et al., 2016). When implementing these facilities in regions of the Russian Federation, flooding with photo-video recording systems is observed, and afterwards their effectiveness decreases. Accordingly, tasks and targets of their application as well as possibilities of these systems have to be changed. In this regard, the further development of
the ARF interaction with smart on-board systems of automotive vehicles is of great importance.
An information and analysis system (IAS) and recommendations for its development are proposed to improve information exchange between smart on-board systems of automotive vehicles and automatic photo-video recording facilities (Figure 2).
The information and analysis system of interaction of smart on-board transport systems (SOBTS) with automatic photo-video recording facilities will allow ensuring the effectiveness of road vehicle use, improve road safety, solve social tasks on transportation performance and reduce environmental loads due to the extension of ARF functional capabilities (Safiullin,Vorozhejkin, 2016). A mechanism of the interaction of this system with the transportation vehicle is shown in Figure 3.
The mechanism of interaction lies in the transfer of two information flows from RVs to the IAS. The external flow of
Figure 2. Development of automatic photo-video recording facilities in the territory of the Russian Federation
Figure 3. Mechanism of the interaction of the information and analisys system with road vehicles
information carries data on the vehicle movement (namely, vehicle registration plate, movement speed, RV dimensions, etc.). After information processing by the system and verification according to databases of state authorities, the system, in its turn, transmits a backward signal to a RV, which can carry information about probable discomfort traffic on the way of further running, a warning about the necessity to reduce the speed, a notice about violation of parking rules, etc. (Safiullin, Belikova, 2015).
Table 5. Functional capabilities of the multipurpose information and analysis system
Function Description
Fi Compulsory speed limitation
F2 Verification according to databases of RVs being on the wanted list
F3 Compulsory stop upon actuation of a red traffic light
F4 Transfer of the identification number
F5 Transfer of the information about the RV driving speed at the given moment
F5' Transfer of the information about the RV driving speed for a certain section
F6 Transfer of the information about the RV technical condition
The difference of this system from the existing ones lies in the possibility of carrying out the information exchange in the duplex mode and exercising influence on RVs, which will make these systems much more effective in comparison with the systems, which are functioning at present.
Table 6 presents existing and prospective functional capabilities of automatic photo-video recording facilities in the territory of the Russian Federation.
Table 6. Existing and prospective functional capabilities of automatic photo-video recording facilities
Functions of automatic Functions of automatic photo-video
photo-video recording recording facilities (prospective)
facilities (existing)
F5 Fi
F5' 2
3
F4
6
F n
On the basis of the analysis of these functions, a model of the development of multipurpose systems of automated control of RV traffic was developed, which has the following form (Safiullin, Kerimov, 2017):
W = f (F5,F5) ^W = f (F„F2,F3,Fa,F5, F5„F6,...,Fn) , (3)
where W1 — function of parameters operating at the given moment; W — function of those parameters to be reached (prospective).
The assessment of the influence of facilities of automatic recording of violations of road traffic regulations on the accident rate can be carried out according to the developed diagram of the sequence of the determination of ARF application effectiveness presented in Figure 4. The following designations are accepted in the diagram: C —ARF operation cost, RUR;
op r ' '
CC — cost of one ARF complex, RUR; nOR — rate of allocations for M (maintenance) and OR (operating repair) of ARFs per year, %.
Acc — ARF assembly of ARFs, installation and adjustment of a complex, RUR;
Sop - salary of operators, RUR; Stech - salary of technicians, RUR; Sdr — salary of RV drivers, RUR;
P — the number of ARF, pcs.; CM — cost of annual maintenance, RUR per year; i - rate on credit, %; n — service life, per year SISCCC — specific capital investments for the construction of a speed control complex, RUR;
SI
ARFinstallation
— specific capital investments for the installation of an ARF, RUR;
k2 — coefficient of the increase in expenditures for ARFs;
Esign — expenditures for a road sign, RUR;
EsiGNinstaiiation — expenditures for the installation of a road sign, RUR;
m — the number of road signs, pcs.
DRta — damage from RTA in the basic version, RUR;
Nrta — annual RTA number in the basic version, units;
Dp
RTA
RUR;
Np
RTA
— damage from RTA in the projected version,
- annual RTA number in the projected version,
units; 5,
ö2 , ö3 — ARF influence on road safety according to
the following rates: RTA number, the number of wounded, the number of fatalities.
Conclusion
In order to assess the influence of the automatic recording system on road safety, it is necessary to carry out the study at two levels: at the first level, it is necessary to carry out the absolute assessment of RTAs; at the second level, it is necessary to analyze the influence of automatic recording systems on the RTA number from the viewpoint of a place of RTA occurrence and types [5]. The implementation of "the correlation recording system" allows assessing in practice the efficiency of use of various technical facilities of automatic recording of violations of road traffic regulations, as well as a degree of their influence on
Mukhtar Kerimov, Ravil Safiullin, Aleksander Afanasyev — Pages 26-33 METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR TRAFFIC OF ROAD VEHICLES USING SYSTEMS OF
THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS
DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2017-2-3-26-33
Figure 4. Diagram of the sequence allowing to determine the effectiveness of the application of automatic photo-video recording facilities for recording of administrative violations in road traffic
the accident rates. The formulated scientific and technical task is solved with the use of methods and software tools implementing the developed systemic criterion (Safiullin et al., 2015; Safiullin et al., 2016; Safiullin, Kerimov, 2017).
Summary
Based on the carried out study, the methodological approaches for the improvement of traffic control functions when using automatic recording systems, determining their effective application, are defined. The mathematical model of ARF effectiveness assessment upon realization
of administrative procedures for traffic control in order to improve road safety is developed.
The ARF life cycle is determined. The information and analysis system of the interaction of smart on-board systems of automotive vehicles with automatic photo-video recording facilities is developed.
The specified system will allow determining the development model of multipurpose systems of automated traffic control to ensure the effectiveness of the use of the above-ground transport due to the extension of ARF functional capabilities.
Mukhtar Kerimov, Ravil Safiullin, Aleksander Afanasyev — Pages 26-33 METHODOLOGY FOR THE IMPROVEMENT OF CONTROL FUNCTIONS FOR TRAFFIC OF ROAD VEHICLES USING SYSTEMS OF
THE AUTOMATIC RECORDING OF ADMINISTRATIVE VIOLATIONS
DOI: 10.23968/2500-0055-2017-2-3-26-33
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