CC BY
7
УДК 61
Ulukberdiyeva E.
Lecturer of the Department of Biotechnology at Oghuzhan Engineering and Technology University, Ashgabat, Turkmenistan
MEDICAL BIOTECHNOLOGY: ACHIEVEMENTS AND PERSPECTIVES
Abstract
Relevance. Medical biotechnology plays a crucial role in modern medicine, providing new methods for disease diagnosis, treatment, and prevention. It represents the synthesis of biological sciences and technologies aimed at improving human health.
Objective. To examine the main areas of medical biotechnology and its impact on the development of medicine and healthcare.
Method. Analysis of existing achievements in medical biotechnology and their potential applications. Results. Key achievements in gene therapy, the development of biopharmaceutical drugs, and improvements in disease diagnostics were identified.
Conclusions. Medical biotechnology continues to evolve, opening new horizons for the treatment and prevention of diseases, improving quality of life, and aiding in the fight against global epidemics.
Keywords
medical biotechnology, gene therapy, biopharmaceuticals, diagnostics, therapeutic drugs. Introduction
Medical biotechnology is an interdisciplinary field combining biology, medicine, and engineering technologies to create new healthcare solutions. With the development of this field, significant improvements have been made in disease diagnosis and treatment, enabling a longer and better quality of life. Main Areas of Medical Biotechnology
One of the most revolutionary areas in medical biotechnology is gene therapy. This method allows the treatment of diseases caused by defects in DNA by introducing healthy genes into a patient's cells. Gene therapy was once only used in experimental studies, but today, several successful examples of its application in the treatment of genetic disorders and cancer exist.
Another important area is the development of biopharmaceutical drugs, such as monoclonal antibodies, recombinant proteins, and vaccines. These drugs make it possible to treat or prevent diseases that were previously incurable or difficult to manage. An example of success in the biopharmaceutical industry is the COVID-19 vaccine, developed using mRNA technology, which became a historical achievement in the fight against the global pandemic.
Equally important are advances in diagnostics. Technologies such as PCR (polymerase chain reaction) allow for the timely detection of infections and genetic disorders. Recently, a new cancer diagnostic method using liquid biopsy was developed, which can detect tumor cells in the blood at early stages of the disease. Perspectives of Medical Biotechnology
The future of medical biotechnology lies in the further development of gene therapy, the creation of personalized treatment methods based on the analysis of a patient's genome, and the development of new, more effective vaccines and drugs. One of the most promising methods is genome editing using CRISPR-Cas9
technologies. This method allows for precise DNA sequence modifications and could lead to a revolution in the treatment of many diseases, including genetic, infectious, and oncological disorders. Conclusion
Medical biotechnology continues to have a significant impact on the development of medicine, improving quality of life and providing new opportunities for the treatment of diseases. The advancement of technologies and methods such as gene therapy, biopharmaceuticals, and diagnostics is opening new horizons for medicine, offering patients more effective and safer treatments. References:
1. Vlasov V.A. Gene Therapy: Prospects and Issues. — Moscow: Nauka, 2021. — 280 p.
2. Ivanova L.Yu. Biopharmaceutical Drugs in the Treatment of Chronic Diseases. — St. Petersburg: Medpress, 2022. — 350 p.
3. UNESCO. Biotechnology in Healthcare.
© Ulukberdiyeva E., 2025
УДК 61
Аннайева О.
Преподаватель,
Туркменский Государственный медицинский университет им. М. Гаррыева
г. Ашхабад, Туркменистан
САХАРНЫЙ ДИАБЕТ: ЭТИОЛОГИЯ И ПАТОГЕНЕЗ Аннотация
Сахарный диабет - это хроническое метаболическое заболевание, характеризующееся повышенным уровнем глюкозы в крови вследствие дефицита инсулина или снижения чувствительности тканей к нему. В статье рассматриваются основные этиологические факторы, такие как генетическая предрасположенность, влияние окружающей среды, аутоиммунные механизмы и метаболические нарушения. Особое внимание уделено патогенезу диабета 1-го и 2-го типов, включая инсулинорезистентность, дисфункцию бета-клеток поджелудочной железы и нарушения обмена веществ. Работа подчеркивает важность понимания этих процессов для диагностики и разработки эффективных методов лечения заболевания.
Ключевые слова
сахарный диабет, инсулинорезистентность, гипергликемия, бета-клетки, аутоиммунные механизмы, метаболические нарушения, диабет 1-го типа, диабет 2-го типа, этиология, патогенез.
Сахарный диабет - это хроническое метаболическое заболевание, широко распространенное во всем мире.
Болезнь возникает из-за недостатка инсулина или снижения его эффективности в организме.
Без должного контроля сахарный диабет может поражать различные органы, вызывая серьезные осложнения.
