LEGAL AWARENESS OF STUDENTS: RESEARCH RESULTS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF KARAGANDA BUKETOV UNIVERSITY) Текст научной статьи по специальности «Прочие медицинские науки»

UDC 316.35 SRSTI 04.41.31

LEGAL AWARENESS OF STUDENTS: RESEARCH RESULTS (USING THE EXAMPLE OF KARAGANDA BUKETOV UNIVERSITY)

Kalguzhinova Aigul Mailybaevna1

Master of Law of NJSC «Karaganda University named after Academician E.A. Buketov»,

Senior lecturer of the department of criminal law, process and criminalistics; Karaganda c.,

Republic of Kazakhstan; e-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3812-7504;

SCOPUS ID: 57193084293

Amanzholova Botagoz Atymtaevna

Candidate of Legal Sciences of NJSC «Karaganda University named after Academician

E.A. Buketov», Professor of the department of criminal law, process and criminalistics;

Karaganda c., Republic of Kazakhstan; e-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-00029508-2234; SCOPUS ID: 57193081947

Abstract. The article is devoted to the study of the level of legal awareness of students of Karaganda Buketov University from the perspective of a psychological and legal approach. The building of a civil and legal society depends on the level of development of students' legal awareness. The article reveals the features of the right consciousness of students of the above-mentioned university. The study was conducted within the framework of an intra-university grant "Formation of medical and legal literacy of university students as a factor in improving the quality of the country's human g resources potential (using the example of the Resource Centerfor Inclusive and Special Education)." ™ The problem of legal awareness, the study of its real level, state, and content is one of the keys, z fundamental scientific areas of legal psychology. Its solution involves the tasks of strengthening § law and order, improving the efficiency and quality of law enforcement agencies; combating crime I and preventing the causes that give rise to it; comprehending the deep content-psychological ^ mechanisms of social interaction ofpeople; cognition of the driving forces and internal regulators s of legally significant behavior. In modern conditions, the issues of studying public opinion, which it are part of the general theory of legal awareness, have become particularly acute and relevant. The article uses the methodology of quantitative research in the aspects of determining the level of legal o literacy of students (based on the KARA), assessing it as a factor in improving the quality of the | human resource of Kazakhstan (using the example of the Resource Center for Inclusive and Special >s Education).

§ The main conclusion of the study is the need to promote the formation of law-abiding behavior § of students. This is realized by involving representatives of all subjects of educational activity, including parents of students, in the educational system by informing all participants of the process. s Visualization of legal situations; solving practical tasks and conducting business games within the m educational process are also applied.

o Keywords: legal awareness, legal literacy, resource center, legal literacy of students.

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СТУДЕНТТЕРДЩ КтеьЩТЬЩ САНАСЫ: ЗЕРТТЕУ НЭТИЖЕЛЕР1 (БЭКЕТОВ АТЫНДАГЫ КАРАГАНДЫ УНИВЕРСИТЕТ1НЩ МЫСАЛЫНДА)

Айгуль Майлыбайкызы Калгужинова

«Академик Е.А. Бекетов атындагы Караганды университет1» КЕАК зац гылымда-рыныц магистрi, цылмыстыц цщыц, процесс жэне криминалистика кафедрасыныц ага оцытушысы; Караганды ц., Казахстан Республикасы; e-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3812-7504; SCOPUS ID: 57193084293

Author for correspondence 18

Ботагез Атымтайкызы Аманжолова

«Академик Е.А. Бекетов атындагы Караганды университет1» КЕАК зац гылымда-рыныц кандидаты, цылмыстыц цуцыц, процесс жэне криминалистика кафедрасы-ныц профессоры; Караганды ц., Казахстан Республикасы; e-mail: [email protected] e-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9508-2234; SCOPUS ID: 57193081947

Аннотация. Мацала психологиялыц-цуцыцтыц кезцарас тургысынан Караганды Букетов университеттщ студенттертщ цщыцтыц сана децгешн зерттеуге арналган. Азаматтыц жэне цщыцтыц цогамныц цурылуы студенттердщ цщыцтыц санасыныц даму децгешне байланысты. Мацалада жогарыда аталган университет студенттертщ цщыцтыц санасыныц ерекшелiктерi аныцталды. Зерттеу "ЖОО студенттершц Медициналыц жэне зац-дыц сауаттылыгын елдщ кадрлыц элеуеттщ сапасын арттыру факторы реттде цалып-тастыру (инклюзивтi жэне арнайы бшм беру ресурстыц орталыгыныц мысалында)"ЖОО iшiндегi грант шецбертде ЖYргiзiлдi.

Куцыцтыц сана мэселеЫ, оныц нацты децгешн, жагдайын, мазмунын зерттеу цщыцтыц психологияныц негiзгi, iргелi гылыми багыттарыныц бiрi болып табылады. Оныц шешiмiмен зацдылыц пен цщыцтыц тэртiптi ныгайту, цуцыц цоргау органдары цызметтщ тшмдыт мен сапасын арттыру мiндеттерi; цылмысца царсы курес жэне оны тудыратын себеп-тердщ алдын алу; адамдардыц элеуметтж езара сцимылыныц терец мазмунды-психологи-ялыц тетжтерт тYсiну; зацды мацызды мтез-цулыцтыц цозгаушы кYштерi мен шк рет-теушыерт быу байланысты. Казiргi жагдайда цщыцтыц сананыц жалпы теориясыныц белт болып табылатын цогамдыц пiкiрдi зерттеу мэселелерi ерекше айцындыц пен езек-тшкке ие болды. Мацалада бшм алушылардыц зацдыц сауаттылыгыныц цалыптасу децгешн (цару базасында) айцындау, оны Казацстанныц адами ресурсыныц сапасын арттыру факторы цатарында багалау (инклюзивтi жэне арнайы бшм беру ресурстыц орталыгыныц мысалында) аспектыертде сандыц зерттеулер эдтнамасы пайдаланылды.

Зерттеудщ негiзгi цорытындысы оцушылардыц зацга багынатын мтез-цулцын цалып-тастыруга жэрдемдесу цажеттыт болып табылады. Бул процестщ барлыц цатысушы-ларын хабардар ету арцылы бшм беру ЖYйесiне барлыц бшм беру субъектыершц екшдерт, соныц штде оцушылардыц ата-аналарын тарту арцылы ЖYзеге асырылады. Сондай-ац, цщыцтыц жагдайларды визуализациялау; практикалыц мiндеттердi шешу жэне бшм беру процестде wкерлж ойындар етк1зу цолданылады.

T^rndi свздер: цщыцтыц сана, цщыцтыц сауаттылыц, ресурстыц орталыц, студенттердщ цщыцтыц сауаттылыгы.

ПРАВОВАЯ ГРАМОТНОСТЬ СТУДЕНТОВ: РЕЗУЛЬТАТЫ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ (НА ПРИМЕРЕ КАРАГАНДИНСКОГО УНИВЕРСИТЕТА ИМЕНИ БУКЕТОВА)

Калгужинова Айгуль Майлыбаевна

Магистр правоведения НАО «Карагандинский университет имени академика

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Кандидат юридических наук НАО «Карагандинский университет имени академика E Е.А. Букетова», профессор кафедры уголовного права, процесса и криминалистики; K г. Караганда, Республика Казахстан; e-mail: [email protected] ORCID iD: 0000-0002- § 9508-2234; SCOPUS ID: 57193081947 |

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Аннотация. Статья посвящена исследованию уровня правосознания студентов Кара- , гандинского университета Букетова с позиции психолого-правового подхода. Именно от -уровня развития правосознания студентов зависит построение гражданского и правового 2 общества. В статье выявлены особенности правового сознания студентов вышеуказанно-

го вуза. Исследование проводилось в рамках внутривузовского гранта «Формирование медицинской и юридической грамотности студентов вузов как фактор повышения качества кадрового потенциала страны (на примере Ресурсного центра инклюзивного и специального образования)».

Проблема правосознания, изучения его реального уровня, состояния, содержания относится к числу ключевых, основополагающих научных направлений юридической психологии. С ее решением связаны задачи укрепления законности и правопорядка, повышения эффективности и качества деятельности правоохранительных органов; борьба с преступностью и предупреждение причин, ее порождающих; постижение глубинных содержательно-психологических механизмов социального взаимодействия людей; познание движущих сил и внутренних регуляторов юридически значимого поведения. В современных условиях особую остроту и актуальность приобрели вопросы изучения общественного мнения, которые являются частью общей теории правосознания. В статье использована методология количественных исследований в аспектах определения уровня сформированности юридической грамотности обучающихся (на базе КарУ), оценки его в числе фактора повышения качества человеческого ресурса Казахстана (на примере Ресурсного центра инклюзивного и специального образования).

Основным выводом исследования является необходимость содействия формированию законопослушного поведения учащихся. Это реализуется путем вовлечения представителей всех субъектов образовательной деятельности, включая родителей учащихся, в систему образования путем информирования всех участников процесса. Также применяется визуализация правовых ситуаций; решение практических задач и проведения деловых игр в рамках образовательного процесса.

Ключевые слова: правосознание, юридическая грамотность, ресурсный центр, юридическая грамотность студентов.

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Introduction

An urgent requirement of the educational process in universities is the vector for the development of legal literacy of students. The education that students receive is interconnected with legal education aimed at obtaining legal competencies.

Essential changes aimed at building a democratic rule of law make legal education the most important task of society. The concept of the legal policy of the Republic of Kazakhstan until 2030 highlights an independent section dedicated to legal education and propaganda. The need to increase civic engagement, which affects the growth of the level of legal culture of an individual and society as a whole, is identified as an essential indicator of Kazakhstan as a rule of law state. In order to improve legal literacy, to form legitimate socially active behavior among the population, based on constitutional values, a system of measures is proposed.

Students belong to the most vulnerable social groups, which are much more likely to be negatively affected by society, face a large number of challenges in everyday life, which determines the need for knowledge and skills in the legal field.

Students, as an advanced part of youth, are an important factor in the development

DOI: 10.52026/2788-5291_2025_80_1_18

of all spheres of society, largely determining its prospects [1]. Moreover, the formation of legal values of a citizen of the Republic of Kazakhstan is an important part of educational policy, the formation of a professional position of the younger generation.

That is why a higher educational institution, as a mechanism designed to implement the main components of legal education (the development of legal literacy, legal thinking and legal skills) is defined as an object of research.

Within the framework of the grant theme "Formation of medical and legal literacy of university students as a factor in improving the quality of the country's human resource (using the example of the Resource Center for Inclusive and Special Education)", we conducted a study "Legal awareness of students of Buketov Uiversity".

The purpose of the study is to provide information, educational and methodological support for the process of forming and improving the legal literacy of students at the university, improving their skills in understanding and using information on health, law and responsibility, as one of the priorities of the state in improving the quality of the country's human capital.

The main objectives of the study are

defined: to identify the level of legal literacy of students; to create effective conditions for the development of legal knowledge. Also, to increase the level of legal literacy of students, their socialization and preparation for professional activity. To help the formation of law-abiding behavior of students through the involvement of representatives of all subjects of educational activity in the system of education and upbringing.

conducted a survey among students of the humanities and technical faculties of the Peoples' Friendship University named after Academician A. Kuatbekov. Shymkent, 2021 [2].

Within the framework of the grant, the problems of young people related to the lack of necessary medical knowledge were also studied; a sociological survey was conducted to determine and assess the level of medical and legal literacy among university students [3].

Methods and materials

The analysis of scientific literature, in particular, the work of Morozova S.A., Ryabko I.F., Sayfullina N.A., Afanasiev I.V., Kunitsyna S.M., J. Rotter, Melnikova V.M., Yampolsky L.T., Khacharoeva A.H., Hunarikova P.H., Pogorov B.A., shows that the common all research focuses on the ability to see the problem of the legal field, determine its nature and take appropriate measures. Such an action should be a conscious and of systematic behavior. Legal literacy of university students is a tool for qualitative changes at the basic level, since it gives students adequate knowledge about their rights.

The study used the methodology of quantitative research in the aspects of determining the level of legal literacy of students, assessing it as a factor in improving the quality of the human resource of Kazakhstan (using the example of the Resource Center for Inclusive and Special Education). The data collection tools used in the study were applied to groups of participants using anonymous online questionnaires in Russian and Kazakh.

550 students of the Kazakh department and 124 students of the Russian department were voluntarily interviewed using the links sent out. The requirements of representativeness by gender and age of students (from 18 to 22 years old) are taken into account. The survey coverage is mainly students of 1-3 courses of all (nonlegal) faculties of Buketov University.

The results were directly processed using specialized software (computer programs, as well as Google Forms analytics capabilities). Taking into account the tasks set, the methods of ranking, graphical display, and factorial method were used, which made it possible to organize the results obtained, create infographics for visualizing information, and establish relationships between the answers to the questionnaire questions.

Data on information support for universities of the Republic of Kazakhstan is presented by the results of a study by A.Zh. Aimenov, who

2 Результаты опроса Института государственной

Discussion and results

Modern researchers consider "legal education" and its constituent theory of "legal literacy" as an independent branch of scientific knowledge, focusing on the "conglomerate of pedagogical and legal sciences" [4].

Legal literacy is defined as a quality of personality, as a level (or set) of legal knowledge and skills, as understanding and applying legal knowledge in practice, sufficient to participate fully and effectively in various spheres of society and the state, promote progress and

ensure one's own development [5]. ^

Accordingly, the questionnaire highlighted l

the levels of legal literacy, its structural E

elements, and models for the formation of this i

literacy. o

71.4% of students of the Russian department =;

assessed their level of legal competence as I

average. And only 49% students of Kazakh c

department - assessed it as average. i

This circumstance is indicated by the results i

of the "Rule of Law Index", which noted the E

conditionality of the low legal literacy of the S

Kazakh-speaking environment with "a small >

amount of funds allocated by the state for social °

projects" and "a shortage of legal specialists A

providing services in the Kazakh language" [6]. g

The Rule of Law Index is a global survey that E

produces a ranking. It assesses the achievements g

of different countries in providing a legal N

environment. The index includes eight factors o

and forty-four indicators: limitation of the g

powers of government institutions; absence >

of corruption; open government; protection of N

fundamental rights; order and security; regulatory 0

law enforcement; civil and criminal justice. T

We consider it necessary to note that i

Kazakhstan has improved its position in recent K

years: in 2020 - 69th place, in 2021 - 66th place, <

in 2022 - 65th place2. However, at the same |

time, the number of countries included in the 88

study is increasing. ^

Among the components of legal literacy, -

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knowledge of one's rights, basic legal concepts, the ability to use legal knowledge in life situations, a responsible attitude to fulfilling one's duties, active participation in various activities, and the prevention of offenses are highlighted [7].

To measure the subjective and objective levels of legal knowledge, five questions were asked concerning the respondent's self-assessment, the content of their rights and obligations, and various legal situations.

The majority of students of the Kazakh department (71.1%) indicated knowledge of their rights and obligations, and the Russian department indicated lawful behavior (non-commission of offenses) - 65.5% ofthe surveyed students (Figure 1).

Russian students received significant discrepancies in the answers to the questions "I know the basic legal concepts" (21.4% of students of the Kazakh department and 53.8% of students of the Russian department), "I know how to use legal knowledge in life situations" (28% of students of the Kazakh (department and 35.3% of students of the Russian department).

property of the university (70.6%).

Then, in descending order, the following rights were noted, which should be provided at the university for students: "Choosing a sports section according to their interest", "Free education", "Compliance with the schedule of classes", "Health protection". The same answers were received to the question about the constitutional duties of a citizen of Kazakhstan:

- Protection of the Fatherland (59.8% of students of the Kazakh department and 63.6% of students of the Russian department),

- Employment after graduation from the university (43.4% of students of the Kazakh department and 23.4% of students of the Russian department),

- Payment of legally established taxes and fees (42.4% of students of the Kazakh department and 64.5% of students of the Russian department),

- Preservation of historical and cultural heritage (39.7% of students of the Kazakh department and 54.5% of students of the Russian department).

The students unanimously answered the

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Figure 1. The results of the answer to the question "Components of your legal literacy'

Only in two variants of the answers "I am responsible for fulfilling my duties" and "I actively participate in various activities", the respondents did not show significant discrepancies.

However, when asked about the content of rights and obligations, boys and girls chose the answers that characterize their legal status at the university. Students of the Russian department pointed out the need to provide them with an equipped, warm classroom (66.9%) and rest during recess (72.7%). Students of the Kazakh department - respect the teachers and staff of the university (79%), careful attitude to the

question of what actions do not entail legal responsibility - being late for classes: 56.6% of students of the Kazakh department, 69.4% of students of the Russian department.

The fact that students have not noted other variants of misconduct indicates a high level of assimilation of their legal knowledge.

At the same time, the practical question of the qualification of the actions of undergraduates in relation to first-year students in the dormitory caused difficulties. Russian students did not distinguish between misconduct (19.3% of Kazakh students and 7.4% of Russian students),

ceneHun. https://turanpress .kz/politika-i-vlast/5673-rezultaty-oprosa-instituta-obschestvennoi-politiki-fiksiruyut-rost-pravovoi-gr.html. (dama oôpa^eHun: 15.02.2024).

offense (59.1% of Kazakh students and 44.6% of Russian students) and crime (21.7% of Kazakh students and 47.9% of Russian students). The ignorance of the laws, President K.J. Tokayev pointed out the lack of awareness of the importance of their strict observance, and the serious consequences of legal illiteracy for the younger generation during the Board of the Ministry of Internal Affairs3.

Russian students (77.9% of students of the Russian department, 57% of students of the Kazakh department), followed by schools and universities (64.8% of students of the Russian department, 68.9% of students of the Kazakh department) were in the first place in the ranking of institutional factors in the formation of legal literacy. The media and the family lag far behind in their influence on the legal consciousness of the younger generation.

Students of the Russian department (65%) more often than students of the Kazakhstani department (42.5%) found themselves in situations where they felt the lack of legal knowledge.

In case of violation of their rights, students contact their parents and the police. However, about a third of the students (33.9% of students of the Russian department, 21.7% of students of the Kazakh department) chose the answer option "I find it difficult to answer".

Most often, students' rights are violated in cases where students combine study with work: 51% of students of the Kazakh department, 33.3% of students of the Russian department.

Students also note that violations of their rights take place in the educational process, in the field of lending, when making microloans, when renting housing, when finding employment, in household transactions.

In many ways, the survey results are explained by the fact that students did not study the discipline "Fundamentals of Law" at the university: 51.9% of students of the Kazakh department, 57% of students of the Russian department. This discipline is a component of choice. At the same time, students consider additional special courses in law as an effective method of improving legal literacy: 40% of students of the Russian department, 45.3% of students of the Kazakh department.

In September 2023 within the framework of realization of the information and prevention project "Bilgenin Abzal" and intra-university scientific grant at twelve faculties of Buket

3 Токаев предупредил о последствиях правовой безграмотт

posledstviyah-yuridicheskoy-503581 (дата обращения: 15.02.

University a meeting with representatives of law enforcement agencies was held. The meeting was held by the deputy head of the Criminal Police Department of the Internal Affairs Department of Karaganda region, police colonel Ashimov M.I., senior operative of the Criminal Police Department of the Internal Affairs Department of Karaganda region, police Major Tulibergenov A.S.). From the side of the University was a professor of the Department of Criminal Law, Process and Criminalistics (Amanzholova B.A.). The meetings are devoted to the prevention of offenses, Internet fraud, destructive religious movements, and distribution of synthetic drugs, protection of consumer rights and consequences of micro-loans.

For the prevention of offenses, a set of organizational, legal, economic, social, demographic, educational and other measures to identify and eliminate the causes and conditions of committing offenses or preventing offenses was considered.

The interest of the students was aroused by the discussion of the provisions of the Law of the Republic of Kazakhstan "On the Prevention of l offenses", in particular, the purpose, objectives, E principles of crime prevention, subjects of crime N prevention, general and individual measures of i0o crime prevention. =;

To prevent online fraud, recommendations I were given to be vigilant and follow simple U rules: do not disclose your personal data, details i of plastic cards to anyone, do not transfer 0oi receipts for transfers and, moreover, codes and E code words, even to persons posing as bank S employees, police, etc. A

Youth should also not be influenced by 0 destructive religious or pseudo-religious A (imitating religious) organizations seeking g to establish complete (total) control over the e consciousness and will of their followers. g

The next danger for students is the danger N of synthetic drugs in their unpredictability. o0 Synthetic drugs are understood as artificially g created psychoactive substances that have > narcotic properties and are capable of provoking N physical and/or psychological dependence. All ° synthetic drugs or their individual components T are produced in chemical laboratories from Ei a variety of substances and are characterized K by low cost. Some of them copy the < pharmacological properties of herbal drugs and c are their artificial analog. 88

Many drugs of synthetic origin were created

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on the basis of existing ones by making changes to their chemical formula. Less often, but still fundamentally new narcotic drugs are produced, often based on the side effect of a drug. All synthetic drugs are prohibited for sale and are prosecuted, although legislation in recent years has not been able to cope with the creation of documented restrictive measures due to the appearance of a huge number of such psychoactive substances.

Protection of the rights of students as consumers continues to be relevant today - when buying food, online shopping, and receiving services.

When buying a low-quality product / receiving a low-quality service, it is necessary to apply in writing to the store director, asking for a refund for a low-quality product or service.

When applying for a microloan, students were advised to pay attention to all the conditions for receiving and returning funds, commissions and penalties for late payments and insurance conditions. There is no need to be afraid to ask questions to authorized employees and consult with lawyers.

Teaching staff and students of Buketov University showed interest in the meeting and thanked the speakers for the dialogue aimed at developing students' ability to defend their own opinions, defend their position, make the right choice, have the right guidelines in legal norms and civil aspects.

Conclusion

Thus, the survey showed the average level of legal literacy of students at the Buketov University, which made it possible to consider it among the factors of improving the quality

of Kazakhstan's human resource (using the example of the Resource Center for Inclusive and Special Education).

In particular, the main mechanisms of the law were identified, the ways of protection of rights and legitimate interests and the conditions of application of legal liability measures were considered. The prospects for the development of students' legal literacy directly depend on the intensification and diversity of socio-legal interactions, on the rationalization of their life world as a whole. In many ways, the degree of legal loyalty of students will depend on the level of their involvement in legal communication.

A significant potential for increasing the level of legal loyalty of students is seen in the popularization and dissemination of legal knowledge, increasing their demand for real life practices. It is necessary to strengthen the course of jurisprudence within the framework of compulsory educational training, as well as dramatically expand the range of relevant educational programs at various levels. To increase the level of legal literacy, it is not enough to simply inform students about the law. A system of measures is required to educate their citizenship, achieve a state of social maturity, and give legal norms the status of an imperative.

Authors' contributions

Kalguzhinova A.M. - collection, analysis, processing of data for the article; revision, final approval for publication;

Amanzholova B.A. - article concept, study of bibliographic sources, design of literature, transliteration.

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