CC BY
7
- Педагогика -
LEARNING IN THE ENVIRONMENTS AND RELATIONSHIPS CONTEXT
Joanna Paulina Jakuszko, MA ofpsychology Federal university in Uberlandia (Brasil, Minas Gerais)
Alexandra Prokofieva , Ph.D. in education, associate professor Nosov Magnitogorsk state technical university (Russia, Magnitogorsk)
Abstract. From parents' point of view their children have the perfect school conditions. They expect their beloved to achieve success that can be represented by a good knowledge. It is something that we as parents want, and we think that we give. There are teachers and educators at school. They are using all available skills, materials to get children's attention. This process requires commitment, professionalism, active attitude but flexibility as well. How does the child find him/her self in this situation? Does it mean that if everybody tries to improve educational system and quality of children's knowledge, something like 'learning issue' does not exist? Nothing could be more erroneous. The results of research and elaborations show that every year children are leaving their schools without learning much.
Keywords: learning, teaching, cooperation, dialog, relations is education process.
Learning issue. Starting from a very beginning we cannot forget that we are who we are because of the experience we had in the past. Habits created at school became part of us and influenced on the developing of our personality, the same as environments that will be mentioned later. The existence of "The World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020" is a proof that something needs to be changed in Education generally. Important is to remember that "Access to education, which is a basic human right enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human Rights and the United Nations Convention on the Rights of the Child, is also a strategic development investment" [8, p. 1]. It means that for years we used to have an enormous number of students, however, received and organised knowledge quality presented by youth nowadays does not give a solid base to enter to a social life and find a good job. The book "Learning for all" can be considered as a guide presented by educators, teachers, psychologists, scientists. Learning itself does not have to be an issue impossible to overcome. According to authors of the book there are three pillars that is a kind of strategy for creating a better system [8]. There is showed the necessity of early investments, smartness of those investments and need of including everybody into a project without discrimination
like race or social group differences. It is important especially in a huge gap of differences between education of rich and poor families.
Environment. By observing, one can have a very realistic idea of what our youth is thinking about. What decisions are made and why? How the influence of peers changes young people? As a considered example will be group of 24 children in one of private primary schools in Uberlandia. Conducted survey was given for parents of 44 children from 3 different groups, although, the same age of 7-8 years old. The purpose of the research was to ask parents or guardians about children's interest, free time and extra activities children have outside everyday schooling. It is interesting that over 80% of children spend most of the free time by playing video games, watching TV or any other activities that includes technology. Considering the Brazilian climate it is understandable that children stay indoor most of the time, however declared minimum 4 hours a day could be terrifying. Moreover, every child has at home access to technology although just less than 15% have time-limits put by adults. Those numbers could be a warning that children do not know how to spend after-school time without electronics or connection to internet.
There was a question about other activities like football, team games, board games, coor-
- nedaeoeuKa -
dination games as well as parents initiative in creating children's time. Answers proved that during the week days adults spend time with children 4 hours per day (including cooking, helping with homework and others) in average, and on weekends no more than 8 hours per day. Following Chowanna [6] functions that can be found in a family in a relation with process of education can have a different form: participation (cooperation, joint-activity, inspiration), accommodation (adaptation) and inertia (passivity, unconcern) and opposition (refusing, conflict, conflicts of interest).
According to Brazilian economic news the country faces a very hard economic time what make adults live under a pressure to keep their jobs at any cost. Undeniable is that in educational process a very important role is the one played by school but as well the place where the children grow. Environment that they spend time in has a great influence on their development. Parents' participation in this process is very important. Backing to be presented before survey parents honestly replied that the decision of 'virtual time' was dictated by other children from school environment. It is not hard to imagine that a child is considered an outsider just because does not have an updated knowledge about novelties. Parents try to give to their children at least what other have. In social psychology we call it imitation that is a part of defence mechanism. Position of a child is quite difficult here. He/she does not have enough attention from parents that supposed to be an example or at least give a direction. There is a lack of their presence. And most likely they do not see this or consider it as 'other families' problem'. Effects are very basic and long-distanced. Primary school, especially first years are the time of alphabetizations, calligraphy and custom to schooling rules. If this time is not used with precaution and attention of adults, as a consequence children could have had bad patters that will be repeated for the next 10 years. Adequate relations with adults as well as with peers are the key for success.
Relationships. In development of every person the very important element is personal
growth. Considering the process of teaching and learning we need to remember about very important pillar what is the relation between educator and student. This process should have, "climate of trust to each other, openness and truth in communication inside classroom" [7, p. 162]. Teacher is responsible for creating these relationships and maintain it in the way that children are able to fulfil teaching-learning process. As mentioned by Zucker-man and Romaneeva [10] relationship between a child and a teacher (adult) is one of type of cooperation. This relation has an influence on psycho development of a child. By taking care of this relation, cooperation can be more effective and influence on a self development of children. The perceivable role of a teacher is a key to a good communication where the important role is a dialog between child and a teacher [5, 9, 10]. Process of learning should be based with trust created by adults and educators and, following Jankowska [4], this gives a base for children to prepare themselves to face current and future problems and barriers. These developing processes create the child's psyche that will underline his/her personality as an adult [2]. Certainly the feeling of a trust make students feel more confident about their decisions, with time they become more aware about consequences of their actions as well as relation with teacher full of trust motivates to study. This brings a general and self development of a child.
It is important to conduct the correct and timely psychological diagnostics of the child's personality. It can serve the purpose of properly arranging the learning and other activities of a child in these important years of the formation of his/her psychological and cognitive functions [1].
Summary. Awareness of adults about education process should be present and open. Presented forms of parents' relation with school can have a different path, however the participation is the most creative. Parents at school can receive many advantages - starting with children's growth, increase of motivation to study, being well-informed about education and ability for changes. Example of Education for everybody, by giving a high-quality
- Педагогика -
knowledge and access for all society is a great oped constantly. initiative that should be supported and devel-
References
1. Guseva, L.G., Buzunova, L.G. Psychological diagnosis of the child's personality in preschool and elementary school. // Magnitogorsk: Magnitogorsk State University, 2009 - 76 p.
2. Guseva, L.G., Buzunova, L.G. Education and spiritual world as a basis for the healthy life strategy / In «Social sciences and public health: theoretical approaches, empirical researches, practical decisions». The proceedings of the 4th international scientific conference on April 2021, 2014. // Prague :Vedecko vydavatelske centrum "Sociosfera-CZ", 2014, pp. 42-49.
3. Guseva, L., Lakhmostov, A. On the education informatization in Russia. CRIAR EDUCA-CAO Revista do Programa de Pos-Gradua9ao em Educa9ao UNESC. V. 4, N. 2, 2264, 2015, 8 pp. http://periodicos.unesc.net/criaredu/article/view/2264
4. Jankowska, A., Nauczyciel (nie)godny zaufania, Edukacja Humanistyczna nr 2 (29),Szczecin, 2013, p. 235-244.
5. Lewicka, M., Dialogiczny wymiar relacji nauczyciel - uczen, Forum Dydaktyczne 56/2009, p. 99-106.
6. Szempruch, J., W poszukiwaniu idei podmiotowosci relacji edukacyjnych rodziny i szkoly Chowanna Tom jubileuszowy, wyd. Muzeum Histori Polski, 2009, p. 79-88.
7. Sliwerski, B. , Wspolczesne teorie i nurty wychowania, wyd. 8, Krakow, 2010.
8. World Bank Group Education Strategy 2020, Learning for all, Washington, 2011.
9. Давыдов, В.В., Слободчиков, В.И., Цукерман, Г.А. Младший школьник как субъект учебной деятельности // Вопросы психологии. - 1992. - № 3-4. - С. 14-19.
10. Цукерман, Г.А., Романеева, М.П. Кооперация со сверстниками как существенное условие обучения младших школьников. // Вопросы психологии. 1982. - № 1. - С. 50-59. http://www.voppsy.ru/issues/1982/821/821050.html
