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12INTERRELATION OF LINGUISTIC, CULTURAL AND PSYCHOLOGICAL COMPONENTS IN TEACHING ENGLISH
Otakulova D.
Otakulova Dildora - Teacher, DISTRICT SCHOOL № 18, BAYAUT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is devoted to the problem of interrelation of such notions as "language", "culture" and "thinking" and their participation in the process of composing world picture in the minds of learners as members of human society. Keywords: language, culture, thinking, world picture, symbol, concept.
While considering the culture status of human society one must pay special attention to the character of interconnection between language and thinking. A human being connects the language and the world. Namely he emphasizes and feels the world by means of organs of senses and creates the system of world conception on this ground. Having passed them through our minds, thinking over the results of perception he renders them to other members of speech community with the help of language. In other words, thinking exists between language and reality. As R. Akhmedov mentioned, by means of language a writer can even form different realities "...a kind of speculative sociology... social experiment on paper" [2, p. 236]. On learning thinking it is usual to oppose it by means of images (concrete) and thinking by means of concepts (abstract). The peculiar feature of human thinking is its ability to make symbols. A word is the most universal symbol, though not single. Word symbolization is necessary for embracing complex situations consisting of many components. A number of active words belonging to a man is not great, about 10 - 16 thousand. But with the help of these words our memory forms great amount of information. If one defines culture (in the widest meaning of the word) as a number of material and spiritual values of the society and status that it is mediated by thinking activity of a man, the problem of dependence between culture and thinking appears. "The fact that thinking is manifested in many languages, significantly different from each other in grammar structure, knowledge fixed in the vocabulary and grammar forms, makes the basis for theories, according to which language is an undoubted factor regarding thinking, its cognitive activity and the culture as well" [3, p. 6]. Thinking is the highest product of particularly organized material - brain, an active process of the world reflection in concepts, ideas, theories, etc. [1, p. 258]. Only through individual sensitive actions of a human being, though his state of mind, perception, imagination and clear forms of reflection one can find correlation with the whole social system of knowledge and objective reality. By means of individual life of a human being, the society realizes and modifies the world. Thinking reflects objective reality on the basis and by means of practice [4, pp. 9-93]. There exists widely accepted opinion according to which numerous languages of the world represent different ways and means of spiritual acquisition of reality, the basis of which is made of the same principles of human thinking, leading to adequate understanding of reality. Linguistic understanding of the world is considered as linguistic thinking. This is the part of general thinking, as the determinants of the first are at the same time mostly the determinants of the second thinking, and just the opposite. Interrelation between part of the world and its linguistic representation makes linguistic mentality. Speaking of the world we mean not only the world around us, but the world created by man himself: the world of speech actions and status. Linguistic thinking is the presentation of the world in language and with the help of the language. L.Weisgerber saw national peculiarities based on language in the character of thinking. The scientist proves the perception of the world is carried out by thinking, but with participation of native language. As to his opinion, native language is the energy which influences on the outlook of people speaking this language, their culture and history. Just the language itself makes the basis for communication in creating the same idea of thinking with everybody. Thus, the
way of reflection of reality has ideoethnic character [6, p.117]. S. Ter-Minasova stresses "the way from real world to concepts and then to its verbal expressions is different with different people, it is based on the difference of history, culture, geography, peculiarities, of the life and accordingly, differences in development of their social consciousness" [5, p. 40] Thus, coming to conclusion based on understanding of interconnection between language and thinking, language and cognitive activity, it is possible to state the following: language denotes not only the character of thinking and cognitive activity of a human being, but the type of culture, its standards and finally the structure human society. In other words, language, thinking and culture are greatly interconnected with each other. Human thinking can be explained ethnically. That's why understanding of objective reality depends not only on verbal, but historical, social and cultural processes, which together form culturological ground. Consequently, every language is unique, the way of thinking of people speaking this or that language is defined by a given language. So, the way of thinking of every people is unique.
References
1. Abenev V. Dictionary. Philosophy. Moscow: Prosveschenie, 1963.
2. Akhmedov R.Sh. "The End of Eternity" as a Novel of Prevention // European Research: XI International Scientific Conference (Penza, August 20, 2017). Penza: Science and Education, 2017. P. 236-239.
3. PanfilovB. Philosophical Problems of Linguistics. Moscow: SP, 1977.
4. Serebrennikov B. Linguistics Essence. Moscow: Nauka, 1970.
5. Ter-Minasova S. Language and IC. Moscow: Slovo, 2000.
6. Weisgerber L. Language and Philosophy // Linguistics № 3, 1993.
USING MULTIMEDIA INSTRUCTIONAL MATERIAL IN TEACHING FOREIGN LANGUAGES Khatamova S.M.
Khatamova Salomat Mahkamovna - Teacher, ENGLISH LANGUAGE AND LITERATURE DEPARTMENT, GULISTANSTATE UNIVERSITY, GULISTAN, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: this article covers the issue of using multimedia instructional systems in the process of teaching foreign languages. The results of the author's research shows multimedia instructional materials have been gaining great attention by educators in order to enhance students' learning and becoming common thing in the present day educational sphere.
Keywords: multimedia, instruction, method, technology, autonomy.
UDC 372.881.111.22
The learning experience in higher education in the sphere of foreign language teaching and learning has already shifted paradigms from an instructor-focused approach to learner-centered pedagogical methods. Language instructors in higher education are under pressure to provide more effective and efficient learning environments and educational experiences to their students. In this research, instruction was considered as the integration of both method and media. This definition leads to the need for careful consideration of media along with the instructional methods adopted when designing empirical studies on multimedia learning effectiveness. With the introduction of new media, the challenge is to use them effectively and transfer knowledge to the learner.
