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UDK 93:327
Rakhimov S.A.
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) on historical sciences, University of Journalism and Mass Communications of Uzbekistan.
Tashkent, Republic of Uzbekistan
INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION OF UZBEKISTAN AND CENTRAL ASIAN COUNTRIES WITH INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN ORDER TO ENSURE REGIONAL STABILITY
Annotation
This article examines the issues of international and regional cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries within the framework of the United Nations, the CIS, the SCO and other international organizations as one of the main factors in strengthening regional stability in the context of complex geopolitical processes.
Key words:
International relations, Central Asian region, cooperation, stability, anti-terrorist structures, globalization, security, drug trafficking, terrorism, extremism.
Since gaining independence, Uzbekistan has carried out significant work on the establishment of the republic as a sovereign state. Adhering to the principles of equality of sovereign states, non-use of force or threat of force, peaceful settlement of disagreements and disputes between states, in order to achieve stability and sustainable development of the Central Asian region, Uzbekistan has chosen in its foreign policy a course of active partnership with leading countries of the world and international organizations.
Taking into account the dynamically changing geopolitical situation, new trends in international relations, the active development of globalization processes, as well as the presence of armed conflicts and zones of instability in various regions of the world, Uzbekistan is looking for new approaches to ensuring regional stability and new security models. Stability and sustainable development of individual States in the modern world is of great importance in the interests of ensuring global and regional security. The history of the development of human civilization shows that states successfully developed precisely when stability was ensured in them.
With the development of information technologies, integration processes and transport and communication routes, there is an increasing influence of globalization on ensuring the stability of states. In the modern world, the complexity and variety of new forms of security threats that lie in wait for modern societies have become apparent. Transnational phenomena such as extremism, terrorism, drug and arms smuggling have changed traditional perceptions of the State and its security. In the context of globalization, no state in the world is able to counter non-traditional security threats by its own efforts, even state borders have ceased to be an obstacle for them.
Uzbekistan first encountered acts of international terrorism in February 1999. The Republic of Uzbekistan has repeatedly stressed the need for cooperation in combating this phenomenon on a global scale, addressing the public from the high rostrums of the UN, CIS, SCO, OSCE, OTS, etc.
In these conditions, the most important factor in maintaining and strengthening stability in the modern world is the construction of a multi-level security system.
The Development Strategy of the New Uzbekistan for 2022-2026 adopted on January 28, 2022 [1] identifies strengthening the country's security and conducting a pragmatic, open and active foreign policy among the priority areas. At the same time, important attention is paid to conducting, together with partner countries and
within the framework of international organizations, a balanced, ongoing dialogue on topical issues of regional and global scale, bringing close cooperation in the field of security and sustainable development in Central Asia to a higher level, developing bilateral and multilateral international partnerships, expanding the scale of political and diplomatic events conducted within the framework of reputable international structures.
A necessary condition for ensuring stability both in Uzbekistan and throughout Central Asia is countering such hidden security threats as extremism, terrorism, drug trafficking, etc. Terrorism, as a complex socio-political phenomenon, is one of the most dangerous and difficult to predict phenomena in the modern world, existing in various forms and threatening scales.
For the Central Asian countries, the instability of the military and political situation in certain States of the Middle East, North Africa and other regions, as well as instability in neighboring Afghanistan, is a threat to security and a breeding ground for international terrorism. The events taking place there confirm that terrorist threats are of an international nature and require a rethink of existing ideas about it as a global threat. It can be countered only by building a multilevel system of global and regional security, which can be achieved as a result of effective multilateral cooperation.
In order to build a multi-level security system, the United Nations calls for coordinating the fight against terrorism at the global level. To this end, in 2006, the UN member States adopted the Global Counter-Terrorism Strategy [2], where for the first time a strategic and operational approach to combating terrorism was agreed upon. The Counter-Terrorism Committee and the sanctions committees against Al-Qaeda and the Taliban were established as counter-terrorism bodies within the UN [3].
The illicit trafficking of Afghan drugs from Afghanistan, which has assumed a global scale, is of particular concern to the world community, while the profits from drug trafficking are one of the main sources of financing international terrorism and militant extremism [4].
In order to enhance the effectiveness of the international security system, the United Nations attaches great importance to cooperation with international and regional organizations. In particular, issues related to the development of cooperation between the United Nations and the CIS, SCO, CSTO and other multilateral organizations are periodically considered at meetings of the Security Council and other relevant UN structures. Special attention at these meetings is paid to maintaining and strengthening global and regional security, strengthening mutual trust, and cooperating with the Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in countering drug trafficking, combating organized crime and other issues. For example, for the development of a multi-disciplinary partnership between the United Nations and the Shanghai cooperation organization, in order to maintain and strengthen regional security and stability, as of 2024 was made 8 resolutions of the UN General Assembly on "Cooperation between the UN and the SCO": 64/183 of 18 December 2009, 65/124 from December 13, 2010, 67/15 from November 19, 2012, 69/11 from November 11, 2014, 71/14, dated 21 November 2016, 73/334 30 November 2019 75/69 from 25 March 2021, and A/77/L. 107 of September 1, 2023.
The Republic of Uzbekistan and other Central Asian countries, being member countries of the CIS and the SCO (with the exception of Turkmenistan), advocate a consistent and systematic solution to issues of effective counteraction to non-traditional threats to global security. One of the first effective projects in the field of regional security was the Anti-Terrorist Center of the CIS member States established within the framework of the Commonwealth of Independent States (2000), which is a permanent specialized branch body of the Commonwealth and is designed to ensure coordination of interaction between the competent authorities of the participating countries in the field of combating international terrorism and other manifestations of extremism [5].
Within the framework of the SCO, in order to counter global threats, a number of regulatory documents
have been adopted, according to which the SCO member states cooperate in preventing, detecting and suppressing illegal acts, exchange information, and, taking into account the changes in the scale and nature of terrorist acts, take measures to increase the effectiveness of cooperation against such threats.
To facilitate coordination and enhance interaction between the competent authorities of the SCO member states in the fight against terrorism, extremism and separatism, the Executive Committee of the SCO Regional Anti-Terrorist Structure has been functioning in Tashkent since June 17, 2004.
International terrorist organizations began to use the social networks of the Internet, involving young people around the world in their ranks, in order to then send them to various "hot spots". And in these conditions, the effectiveness of the SCO and other international organizations in shaping the security system, both in Central Asia and beyond, is of great importance.
To counter such threats, the competent authorities of the SCO RATS member states have implemented measures to identify and detain persons on the international wanted list both bilaterally and multilaterally. For example, within the framework of cooperation between the SCO special services, through the joint efforts of the competent authorities of Uzbekistan, Kyrgyzstan, Kazakhstan, Russia and Tajikistan, over the course of only one year (the second half of 2017 and the first half of 2018), more than 150 citizens wanted in the fight against terrorism were identified, detained and extradited [6]. Conclusion
Thus, analyzing the effectiveness of cooperation between the Republic of Uzbekistan and other countries of the region within the framework of international and regional organizations, it is possible to trace a number of positive trends, for example, the creation of the Counter-Terrorism Committee and the Al-Qaeda and Taliban sanctions committees at the United Nations; interaction of the Central Asian states with the Regional Center for Preventive Diplomacy and the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime in countering drug trafficking and combating organized crime; cooperation within the framework of the SCO and the CIS on countering transnational threats, etc.
At the same time, in the context of complex global geopolitical processes characterized by numerous armed conflicts and contradictions, the threat of international terrorism and extremism currently continues to be one of the main factors destabilizing the socio-political situation in the region. In these conditions, under the auspices of the United Nations, it is necessary to develop and implement phased and targeted programs aimed at ensuring socio-political stability and sustainable development of States affected by armed conflicts.
Sources and literature list of used
1. Указ Президента Республики Узбекистан от 28 января 2022 года № УП-60 «О Стратегии развития Нового Узбекистана на 2022-2026 годы». Национальная база данных законодательства: // lex.uz/ru/docs/5841077 (14.07.2022).
2. Https://www.un.org/ru/sections/what-we-do/maintain-international-peace-and-security / (16/04/2024).
3. Https://www.un.org/russian/news/focus.asp?focusID=4 (04.02.2022).
4. С.А. Рахимов. Исследование международных отношений и факторов стабильности в Центральной Азии / Новейшая история Центральной Азии: Проблемы теории и методологии / Отв. ред.: Аликперов А.К., Рахимов М.А. - Москва: Институт востоковедения РАН, 2018. - С. 283.
5. Https://cis.minsk.by/page/13828. (12.08.2023).
6. TASS News Agency: // tass.ru/mezhdunarodnaya-panorama/5688561 (24.07.2020).
© Rakhimov S.A., 2024
