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INGLIZ MEDIA MATNLARIDA FRAZEOLOGIK BIRLIKLARNING IFODA ETILISHI NEW YORK TIMES GAZETASIDAGI FRAZEOLOGIZMLAR MISOLIDA
Zebo Shavkat qizi Shuxratova
Chirchiq davlat pedagogika universiteti Fakultetlararo chet tillar kafedrasi
o'qituvchisi
Maqolada ingliz media matnlarida frazeologik birliklarning ifodalanishi haqida ma'lumot berilgan. Ingliz va o'zbek tillaridagi frazeologik birliklarning qiyosiy tahlili bir qancha misollar bilan tahlilga tortilgan. Nazariy ma'lumotlarga munosabat bildirilgan.
Kalit so'zlar: frazemalar, lug'aviy birlik, lingvomadaniy aspekt, chog'ishtirma tadqiq, leksik birlik, sinonim, media matn.
Axborot jamiyati shakllanishining zamonaviy sharoitida ommaviy axborot vositalari tilini o'rganish alohida ahamiyatga ega. Hozirgi vaqtda axborot va texnologiyalar rivojlanishi davrida, hayot va jamiyatni ommaviy axborot vositalarisiz, xususan, media olam, gazetalarning elektron va bosma shakllarisiz tasavvur etib bo'lmaydi. Media olam axborotni uzatish vositasi sifatida o'quvchi bilan aloqaga kirishadi. O'quvchiga mamlakat va butun dunyodagi ichki va tashqi voqea va xodisalar haqida ma'lumot berish bilan chegaralanmaydi, balki kundalik hayotda asqotadigan maslahatlar bilan o'rtoqlashadi, mashhur hikoyalar va romonlardan parchalarni nashr etadi, reklama bilan ham shug'ullanadi, o'quvchilarning savollariga, ham huquqiy, ham psixologik va albatta, moliyaviy savollarga ham javob berib boradi. An'anaviy ommaviy axborot vositalarining jadal rivojlanishi: bosma nashrlar, radio, televideniya, yangi kompyuter axborot texnologiyalarining paydo bo'lishi, jahon axborot makonining globallashuvi - bularning barchasi ishlab chiqarish jarayoni va so'zning tarqalishiga ta'sir qilmay qolmadi. Ommaviy axborot vositalari matnlari yoki media matnlari bugungi kunda til mavjudligining eng keng tarqalgan shakllaridan biridir Global axborot oqimida ingliz tilidagi media matnlar alohida o'rin tutadi. Bir qator siyosiy, iqtisodiy va ijtimoiy-madaniy sabablarga ko'ra ingliz tilidagi ommaviy axborot vositalari matnlarining umumiy hajmi boshqa
ANNOTATSIYA
tillardagi ommaviy axborot vositalari matnlari hajmidan sezilarli darajada yuqori.
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U yoki bu materialni yaratish - medianing turi va janriga qarab tanlanadi, rasmiy gazetada taqdim etilgan ma'lumotlar ommaviy axborot vositalaridan farq qiladi. Yillar mobaynida media olamning jamiyat hayotidagi o'rni alohida ahamiyatga ega bo'lib kelmoqda. Hozirgi kunda media matnlarning bosma versiyasiga qaraganda, elektron shakli ommaga ko'proq taqdim etiladi. Gazetalarning veb-saytlari, instagram hamda, telegram kanallari tashkil etilgan.
Bosma nashrga kelsak, shuni ta'kidlash kerakki, har bir xalqning media materialini turiga, tashkil etilishiga asoslanib, o'ziga xos tanlovi mavjud. A.Abdusaidov ta'kidlaganidek, "Gazeta tilining o'ziga xosligi shundaki, gazeta jurnalistikasi badiiy jurnalistikadan o'zining original formati, maxsus lingvistik shakli bilan ajralib turadi" Ingliz media olami, barcha media olamlar singari, nafaqat ichki, balki mamlakatning tashqi muammolarini ham tahlil qiladi, buning natijasida turli iboralarning o'zaro ta'siri sababli media matn tili boshqa tillar bilan doimiy aloqada bo'lib, bu tillararo faollikka yordam beradi.
Barchaga ma'lumki, har qaysi tildagi gazeta media matnlarida katta miqdordagi frazeologik birliklarni ko'rishimiz mumkin va ularning asosiy maqsadi:
- verbal iqtisod (so'zni tejash)
- toftologiyaga yo'l qo'ymaslik (fikrni bir xil jumla bilan ifoda etilishiga)
- mushtariyga ta'sir etish va hokozolar.
Sahifalarda chop etilgan illustratsiyalarda aks etgan frazeologik birliklardan foydalanish gazetxonning tasavvur olamiga sezilarli darajada ta'sir qiladi. Frazeologik birliklar sababli, tilning estetik aspektlari oshiriladi, ranglarning turli jilosi singari tilning ma'lumot aspekti olamni va hayotni xissiy intuitsiya orqali namoyon etadi.U yoki bu frazeologik birlikdan foydalanish ommaviy axborot vositasining shakli va sifatiga bog'liqdir. Rasmiy (yuqori sifatli) gazetalarda ma'lumotning ma'nosi, kirish so'z, so'z birikmalari, siyosiy va ilmiy atamalar, klishe kabilar neytral frazeologik birliklar bilan ifoda etiladi. Tabloid (ommaviy) gazetalar kam real yangiliklarni yetkazadi asosan, ifodaviylik aspekti yuqori bo'lgan idiomalarga boy bo'lgan shov-shuvli materiallarni nashr etadi. Frazeologik birliklardan foydalanish ingliz zamonaviy gazetalaridagi media matnlarning yetakchi xususiyati hisoblanadi.
Ingliz media matnlarida frazeologizmlarning ifoda etilishini ingliz tilshunosligida xizmatlari benihoya katta bo'lgan A.V.Kuninning klassifikatsiyasi asosida o'rganib, tahlil etib chiqamiz. Quyida tahlil etiladigan frazeologizmlar ommaviy axborot vositalari, gazeta, jurnal nashrlari, hamda telegram, instagram, mashhur brendlarning reklama matnlaridan olingan.
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1. "Santorum has done a good job in pointing out that Achilles' heel in Romneycare," Ms. Palin said. Achiles' heel — a weak feature that someone or something has that could cause failure or could be attacked. It is rooted in the myth of Achilles' mother dipping him in the River Styx, making his entire body invulnerable except for the part of his foot where she held him. Biron bir shaxs yoki narsaning mag'lub bo'lish, shikast yetish, sinishiga sabab bo'luvchi kuchsiz, og'riqli nuqtasi. Yuqorida keltirilgan frazeologizmning kelib chiqishi miflarga borib taqaladi, o'zbek tilida ushbu frazeologizmning tarjimasi yo'q, lekin ekvivalent sifatida - nozik nuqta, joy birikmasini ishlatish mumkin.
2. "I'm not willing to light my hair on fire to try to get support," Mr. Romney said. If something sets your hair on fire, it excites you or catches your attention urgently. Possibly from stories of Viking marauders said to have set their hair and beards on fire when running into battle in order to appear fanatical and fearsome. Hayajonga soladigan yoki zudlik bilan e'tiborni tortadigan vaziyat uchun ishlatiladi. Viking talonchilarining hikoyalaridan kelib chiqqan holda, qo'rqinchli ko'rinish uchun jangga kirishayotganda sochlari va soqollariga o't qo'yishgan. Bu frazeologizmning ham o'zbek tilida tarjimasi yo'q, qo'qisdan, to'satdan, kutilmaganda bo'lgan holat yoki vaziyat uchun ishlatiladi.
3. That inevitably leads him to discuss President Obama and his health care law, a topic that gets Mr. Santorum's blood boiling, and that of his listeners. To get someone's blood boiling — to make very angry. People used to think blood actually boiled when they became angry or excited. To enrage someone. The term the blood boils has meant anger since the seventeenth century. The precise cliché appears in Thomas Macaulay's History of England (1848): "The thought of such intervention made the blood, even of the Cavaliers, boil in their veins." Birovning qonini qaynatish, qattiq g'azablantirishni ifoda etishda foydalaniladi. Ilgari odamlar g'azablanganda yoki hayajonlanganda qon haqiqatan ham qaynaydi deb o'ylashgan. Birovni jahlini chiqarish. "Qon qaynaydi" iborasi XVII asrda Tomas Makoleyning "Angliya tarixi" (1848) asarida uchraydi: "Bunday aralashuv haqidagi fikr hatto otliqlarning qonini qaynatdi" Ushbu birlik o'zbek tilida ham mavjud va quyidagi shakllari bor: qonini qaynatmoq, achchig'ini keltirmoq.
4. Truth has gone out the window. By that point in the argument, reason had gone out the window. One member of the audience started shouting at the speaker during the presentation, and all sense of decorum went right out of
the window. Once the government deregulated the industry, expensive safety precautions were the first thing out the window.
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Out the window — used for saying that you stop doing something. Forgotten or disregarded; lost or wasted. Biron narsani to'xtatganda ishlatiladigan turg'un birlik. Unutilgan yoki e'tibordan chetda qolgan; yo'qolgan yoki isrof qilinganda foydalaniladi. O'zbek tilida tarjimasi yo'q, muqobil variant shaklida quyidagilarni ishlatish mumkin: hayoldan ko'tarildi, chippakka chiqdi, havoga uchdi.
Yuqoridagi misollani o'rganib chiqgan holda, shuni ta'kidlashimiz joizki, frazeologik birliklar media matnlarda asosiy funksiyalarni bajaradi va frazeologizmlar media matnlarda maqola yoki medi matnlarda mushtariy e'tiborini tortish, asosan sarlavha qismida, gapning ma'nosini chuqurroq yetkazib berish va o'quvchining tasavvur olamini uyg'otish. maqsadlarda foydalaniladi.
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