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0UDC 697.34
INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM OF A "SMART HOUSE" ON THE BASIS OF THE CENTRALISED HEAT SUPPLY SYSTEM
IRINA IOKOVA
PhD in Technical Sciences, Associate Professor, Belarusian National Technical University,
Minsk, Republic of Belarus
MARINA PEREKHVAL
Master of Technical Sciences, Engineer, RUE "Belnipienergoprom", Minsk, Republic of
Belarus
Abstract. This article discusses an innovative approach to heating systems in "smart homes " based on centralized heating with the utilization of secondary energy resources using a heat pump. The proposed heating system combines the advantages of traditional centralized heating and the efficiency of heat pumps. Moreover, the proposed heating system for a "smart home " demonstrates high technical and economic performance, ensuring the investment attractiveness of such a project.
Keywords: "smart home", heating system, heat pump, combined heat andpower (CHP), energy efficiency.
"Smart homes" have become increasingly popular in recent times. "Smart home" itself is a concept in which various systems and devices in a home are linked together to provide faster, more comfortable and efficient control of various aspects of life within this house. Modern technology is always utilised for this purpose.
Given the constant rise in the cost of fossil resources, there is an ever-increasing interest in energy saving both in new construction and in heating modernisation and reconstruction of already built residential buildings. Also in the Republic of Belarus the issue of defining approaches to the realisation of the concept of "smart (energy efficient) home" remains relevant [1].
Currently, the main heat supply system in the Republic of Belarus is the centralised heat supply system [2, 3]. However, centralised heat supply systems have relatively low efficiency, so decarbonisation of heat networks is an important task. In recent years, a trend of using heat pumps for this purpose has become evident [4].
Heat pumps are widely used for heating of buildings, hot water supply, as well as for air conditioning. They are an efficient and environmentally friendly way of obtaining heat, especially when compared to traditional heating systems that use fossil fuels [5].
This paper considers a variant of heat pump application in a combined heat and power plant (CHP) scheme. Centralised heat supply is mainly carried out due to steam turbine cycles, among which the most widespread in the Republic of Belarus is a turbine unit of PT-60 type [6]. In this case, the heat pump, designed for heating, uses the heat of condensation of exhaust steam, due to which it saves natural gas and reduces harmful emissions into the environment without changing the centralised heat supply system, but on the contrary acts as an addition to the existing system and also allows leaving unchanged heat units and points. In our opinion, such a variant of heat supply of a "smart home" is an optimal variant.
To drive a heat pump, energy in thermal or mechanical (electrical) forms is required. In the first case absorption heat pumps (ABHPs) are used, in the second case steam-compression heat pumps (SCHPs) are used.
At comparison of SCHP and ABHP it was revealed that ABHP under equal conditions is thermodynamically more effective, as its exergy efficiency is higher than that of SCHP [7], therefore in the article we will consider the heat supply system with application of ABHP.
As a result of studying the operation of the proposed scheme, a graph of dependence of steam load on the duration of ambient temperature standing was created (Fig. 1).
ОФ "Международный научно-исследовательский центр "Endless Light in Science"
—•—without ABHP —•—with ABHP
3,0
0,0
0 2000 4000 6000 8000
Ambient temperature standing time, h
Fig. 1. Graph of dependence of steam load on ambient temperature standing time
Since the amount of steam load is the area under the schedule, these dependencies were integrated and as a result it was obtained that operation of CHP with ABHP is 24.95 % more efficient than operation of CHP without ABHP, which in terms of tonnes of fuel equivalent is a saving of 467.1 tonnes of unit fuel.
The use of ABHP in CHP schemes reduces power generation at CHPs due to the exclusion of its generation on the steam flow to the condenser, which, among other things, facilitates the coverage of the power consumption schedule in terms of passing the minimum loads of the united energy system [8]. With the help of integrating ABHP into the thermal scheme of the CHP, the blocking of energy dispersion is ensured. Also, the application of such heat supply systems will reduce the amount of harmful emissions into the environment, thus improving the ecological situation. At the same time, high technical and economic indicators ensure the investment attractiveness of such a project.
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