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6CENTRAL ASIAN JOURNAL OF ACADEMIC RESEARCH IF = 5.441 ,
HOW TO TEACH A LANGUAGE TO TEENAGERS WITH DIFFERENTIATED INSTRUCTION
Muratova Marfat Umarovna
https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.13919633
ABSTRACT
To effectively implement DI, teachers must first understand the diverse needs of their teenage students. This involves conducting diagnostic assessments at the beginning of the course to evaluate their proficiency levels, learning styles, and interests (Tomlinson, 2001). Language learners, especially teens, may differ in terms
of their linguistic background, cognitive skills, and
assessments) to gauge each
J a a engagement with the target language.
student's abilities. Conduct surveys to identify students' interests, learning preferences, and motivations for learning the language.
1. Understanding Students' Individual Needs
To effectively implement DI, teachers must first understand the diverse needs of their teenage students. This involves conducting diagnostic assessments at the beginning of the course to evaluate their proficiency levels, learning styles, and interests (Tomlinson, 2001). Language learners, especially teens, may differ in terms of their linguistic background, cognitive skills, and engagement with the target language. Strategies:
Use entry-level assessments (e.g., reading comprehension tests, writing samples, or oral assessments) to gauge each student's abilities.
Conduct surveys to identify students' interests, learning preferences, and motivations for learning the language.
2. Flexible Grouping and Pair Work
DI encourages flexible grouping where students work in pairs or groups according to their proficiency levels, interests, or task preferences (Heacox, 2012). For example, in language learning, students can be grouped by their reading comprehension skills when working on a reading task, but grouped by interests when discussing cultural topics in the target language. Strategies:
Use heterogeneous grouping (mixed abilities) for tasks that benefit from peer learning and collaboration.
Central Asian Journal of
Academic Research
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KEYWORDS
Use entry-level assessments (e.g., reading comprehension tests, writing samples, or oral
Use homogeneous grouping (similar abilities) for tasks requiring similar skill levels to challenge or support students as needed.
Rotate groups to expose students to different perspectives and collaborative opportunities.
3. Tiered Assignments
Tiered assignments involve offering different versions of the same task with varying levels of complexity or support (Gregory & Chapman, 2013). This allows all students to work on the same content but at a level appropriate to their abilities. For example, in a reading comprehension activity, advanced learners may analyze the deeper meaning of a text, while emerging learners may focus on identifying main ideas and key vocabulary. Strategies:
Provide tiered reading texts, where more proficient students tackle more complex passages, and those needing support focus on simpler texts with scaffolding such as vocabulary glossaries.
Offer multiple ways for students to demonstrate their understanding—such as writing a summary, creating a visual representation, or participating in a role-play.
4. Choice Boards and Learning Menus
Teenagers often appreciate having choices in their learning process, as it empowers them to take ownership of their learning. A choice board or learning menu offers students different task options to demonstrate their understanding of a concept, thereby increasing engagement and motivation (Santangelo & Tomlinson, 2012). Strategies:
Design a choice board with various language tasks (e.g., writing a blog post, creating a podcast, or conducting an interview in the target language), allowing students to choose the task that aligns with their interests and strengths.
Use learning menus for project-based learning, giving students a "main course" (core tasks) and "side dishes" (optional tasks) to choose from.
5. Scaffolding and Support for Lower-Level Learners
Some teenage learners may require extra support, especially those at the lower end of the language proficiency spectrum. Scaffolding provides temporary support that helps these learners complete tasks they could not do independently (Vygotsky, 1978). Strategies:
Use graphic organizers and sentence frames to help students structure their speaking and writing.
Provide audio-visual materials (e.g., videos with subtitles) that support listening comprehension and vocabulary acquisition.
Use peer tutoring where more advanced students support their peers in learning tasks, reinforcing their own knowledge in the process.
6. Challenging Higher-Level Learners
While it's essential to support struggling students, it's equally important to challenge higherlevel learners. DI allows for enrichment activities that push advanced students beyond the basic curriculum, encouraging deeper analysis and creative thinking (Tomlinson, 2001). Strategies:
Encourage higher-level learners to engage in independent research projects or presentations in the target language.
Offer extension tasks such as debates or essay writing that require critical thinking and a more nuanced understanding of language and culture.
7. Assessment and Feedback
DI involves ongoing assessment and feedback tailored to students' individual progress. Formative assessments (informal assessments during instruction) allow teachers to monitor students' development and adjust instruction accordingly (Gregory & Chapman, 2013). Strategies:
Use exit tickets or short quizzes to assess students' understanding at the end of each lesson. Provide individualized feedback that is specific, actionable, and encourages further growth, rather than generalized feedback that may not address each student's unique progress. Incorporate peer assessments and self-reflections to help students take an active role in evaluating their learning.
8. Creating a Positive Learning Environment
DI thrives in an environment where students feel safe, respected, and valued. Teenagers are more likely to engage in learning when they see the relevance of the language and when their contributions are valued (Levy, 2008). Strategies:
Use culturally relevant materials that reflect students' backgrounds and interests. Encourage a growth mindset by promoting effort and persistence rather than fixed intelligence or ability.
Foster a collaborative classroom culture where mistakes are seen as learning opportunities and students support each other.
Conclusion
Using Differentiated Instruction to teach a language to teenagers provides a personalized, engaging, and flexible learning experience that meets the diverse needs of learners. It helps teachers accommodate various proficiency levels while promoting autonomy and moral development, which is crucial for adolescents. By incorporating strategies like flexible grouping, tiered assignments, and scaffolding, educators can ensure that all students make meaningful progress.
References:
1. Gardner, H. (1983). Frames of Mind: The Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Basic Books.
2. Gregory, G. H., & Chapman, C. (2013). Differentiated Instructional Strategies: One Size Doesn't Fit All. Corwin Press.
3. Heacox, D. (2012). Differentiating Instruction in the Regular Classroom: How to Reach and Teach All Learners. Free Spirit Publishing.
4. Levy, H. M. (2008). Meeting the Needs of All Students through Differentiated Instruction: Helping Every Child Reach and Exceed Standards. The Clearing House: A Journal of Educational Strategies, Issues and Ideas, 81(4), 161-164.
5. Santangelo, T., & Tomlinson, C. A. (2012). Teacher Educators' Perceptions and Use of Differentiated Instruction Practices: An Exploratory Investigation. Action in Teacher Education, 34(4), 309-327.
6. Tomlinson, C. A. (2001). How to Differentiate Instruction in Mixed-Ability Classrooms. ASCD.
