16HISTORICAL, PRACTICAL AND THEORETICAL BASIS OF CREATION OF MUSIC TEXTBOOKS FOR GENERAL SECONDARY SCHOOLS
Mukammal Mirrahmatovna Makhmudova
The 1st year master student, Tashkent State Pedagogical University
ABSTRACT
The article explores the historical, practical, and theoretical foundations of the creation of music textbooks for general secondary schools. The importance of national music in the education of students, the history of the creation of music textbooks and the essence of modern content were analyzed.
Keywords: textbook, music, note, subject, culture, composer, book, students, teacher.
INTRODUCTION
On November 2, 2020, the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev held a meeting on improving the effectiveness of reforms to further develop the public education system. He noted that efforts to expand access to languages were not in demand. In this regard, one of the urgent tasks today is to improve education in the Republic and to create the necessary educational literature on music education.
In the resolution of the President Sh. M. Mirziyoyev "On improving the art of maqom" they spoke about the role of our maqoms (type of traditional Uzbek rhythm) in the world of music and their problems. In particular, they do not use the full potential of the art of maqom in the understanding of our national identity, the comprehensive development of our culture, the education of our people, especially the younger generation in the spirit of high human feelings, the formation of its aesthetic taste and thinking.
In the minds of Oriental scholars, the art of music is scientifically expressed as a factor that forms a sense of morality and sophistication, personal, spiritual and spiritual education, sealed in unique manuals and turned into a spiritual heritage. The National Program "," Law on Education "," Music Culture "curriculum also reflect the essence of the mandatory minimum requirements of state educational standards.
LITERATURE REVIEW
At a time of renewal of national spirituality and enlightenment, it is important to widely cover the history of our lifelong art, study our musical heritage and convey it to our art-loving people. Inheritance from our great ancestors who lived and worked in the past. After gaining independence, the Republic of Uzbekistan has created ample opportunities for in-depth study of the masterpieces. The scholars of the past have always emphasized the invaluable role of music in the formation of man as a person, its divinity and spirituality. In today's world of science and culture, it is imperative to look for effective forms and ways to prepare our future generation for life.
In order to increase the attention to the art of maqom in the country, maqom centers were opened, maqom ensembles were organized in each region. Educational literature on status performance has been published. In particular, the work on makom performance was carried out in secondary schools. Conditions were created for an interesting and meaningful study of music culture and provided with national musical instruments, as well as cultural centers were established in district centers. his interest in art is growing.
Music textbooks define the specific features, goals and objectives, laws, theoretical foundations and methodological directions of music education in secondary schools. It also focuses on music culture and music performance. Secondary schools, approved in 2000 on the basis of the state educational standard, are called "Music Culture" in the music program and curriculum. According to the program, "the purpose of national music in education is to bring up the younger generation at the level of a cultured person who can inherit the national musical heritage and realize the richness of universal music", that is, to form a musical culture in students. The music textbooks created for general education schools differ in a number of aspects from other natural science textbooks.
Firstly, music textbooks differ from other school textbooks in that they are artistic and evoke emotional feelings and experiences in students. Music has a very positive effect, in particular, on the mental and moral development of children.
Second, it consists of elements of singing, listening to music, musical literacy, analyzing music and literature from various examples of music history, theory, and performing arts. The third music textbook includes a variety of music exercises for students. Participates in activities such as singing in elementary school, listening to music, musical literacy, rhythmic situations, performing in children's deserts,
creativity, working in the middle class in the middle class: listening, singing, along with musical literacy, musical creativity classes are created.
General educational music textbooks of music have a thematic structure, that is, the themes of the year, quarter and course, the "language" of music, wealth, specific content, other musical arts - color, image, literature, history illuminates its connection with dance. based on a specific sequence.
Today, one of the most important tasks of a music teacher is to improve the scientific and methodological aspects of musical culture in accordance with the requirements of the time. Many textbooks are focused on teaching music culture lessons. Methodological recommendations are given, as well as a wide range of topics for each class on the basis of the state educational standard, works for listening to music of a wide spectrum, musical literacy, artistic and musical analysis of musical works reflected in the life and work of composers are found Musical literacy teaching materials in music lessons improve musical literacy. They help students to practice listening and singing consciously. Playing children's musical instruments in textbooks is one of the types of group performing activities of students. Her role in the classroom is very helpful in discovering and developing the student's musical abilities. Music Textbooks Each classroom textbook is different in its structure.
LITERATURE REVIEW
The Uzbek musical culture is very ancient. The musical art of the Uzbek people is very rich and varied. Uzbek folk songs and melodies have gained great popularity in the process of historical development. Sometimes sad, sometimes sad, sometimes lively, funny songs have always been companions of people. While we focus on the history of music textbooks in mainstream high schools, many aspects that differ from today's textbooks are certainly ochikinum worthy of the swallow.2
For example, we analyze a textbook written by E. Kenser, E. A. Gudkova for grades 7-8, published in 1969. If students understand the octa and, key in one lesson, the key preliminary tuning exercises in lesson two work on listening in three. Sound tuning exercises have been used in different ways. Designed to work with Legatoli, Stakatoli, Diction. Questions are asked at the end of each song, and the questions at the end of the song are as follows: How many couplets are in this song? Is there an insult? How does is called? What is the character of the song?
At the end of each topic of the textbook, tasks are given on the topic covered and tasks for repetition. The singing exercises are shown in the example of the note of the exercise, first in stages, quickly, and then very melodiously, connected to each other The semitones are full ainitiominantts, 3 (fast, clear and precise for pronunciation. In the original topic of the textbook, the section "Diction" in the topic "Musical literacy" was considered the most useful in the process of singing by schoolchildren.
If his words were pronounced incorrectly while singing, the listener could not understand what he was singing about. These songs are meaningless. Therefore, the correct pronunciation of words in a song is very important, especially in the chorus, that is, in good diction (burro-burroiteish), a clear pronunciation of words reveals not only the meaning of the song, but also the singer. the sound also helped her get better.
RESULTS
Thanks to independence, special attention has been paid to our centuries-old musical heritage as a part of our national spiritual values, which has allowed students to enjoy the wonderful, diverse and spiritual heritage of our people. In recent years, improving the quality and efficiency of the education system in the country, the formation of modern knowledge and skills in kindergarteners, schoolchildren and students, close cooperation between education systems and science and Systematic work is being done to ensure integration, continuity and continuity of education.
National music is a beautiful artistic expression of the rich spirituality of our people in the sounds of a harmonious psyche, and at the same time, the spirit and nourishment of our society, the builder of a new great state. The textbook for 7th grade was published by O. Ibragimov and J. Sadirov. For students, this textbook helps to instill in the hearts of the ancient and ever-young wonderful songs of our people, as well as provides an opportunity to get acquainted with the local musical traditions that have emerged in different oases of our country.
DISCUSSION
And these traditions have been formed over a long period of time and are inextricably linked with the processes of life, labor, special ceremonies and holidays in different conditions of our people. In order to study these aspects, Surkhandarya-Kashkadarya, Bukhara-Samarkand musical styles will be studied in the first quarter of the academic year, and Khorezm and Fergana-Tashkent musical styles will be studied in the second quarter.
In the 3rd and 4th quarters, Shashmaqom, Khorezm maqoms and Fergana-Tashkent maqoms will be studied, and conversations will be held on the topic. Activities such as listening to music, speaking, and singing were also widely used. A music dictionary provided at the end of each term will help students expand their knowledge.
CONCLUSION
In conclusion, it can be said that in the textbooks created before the years of independence, the World gave samples of music samples. The textbooks are based on Kabalevsky's method of teaching music. After the years of independence, the content of textbooks was radically changed and immersed in the spirit of the new age. Today's textbooks are equipped with new technology-enriched manuals that meet all modern requirements. With this in mind, we hope that the content of the textbooks used in practice will be further enriched and improved.
REFERENCES
1. Law of the Republic of Uzbekistan on Education. No. 29.08.1997.464-1
2. EA Gudkova, EM Kenzer Ashula textbook for 7-8 grades.T-1965 Teacher.
3. O. Ibrohimov, U.Sadirov. 7th grade music textbook.T-2217.G.Gulom.
