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https://doi.org/10.29013/EJA-20-3-15-18
Kasimova Nodira Saitjanovna, A senior teacher, at Uzbekistan State Institute of Arts and Culture Tashkent, Uzbekistan E-mail: nodira-kasimova@mail.ru
FEATURES OF CREATIVITY IN SHORT FILMS
Abstract. In this article there is written about role visual solution in short films. The young directors' shorts are analyzed and made a point of their distinctive views. Shorts are exposed to the detailed analysis.
Keywords: short films, director, drama, character, scene, metaphor.
Talking about the cinema there is a need to notice that there are two directions: art house and film industry. The most remarkable direction in art house is short film. Short films are a rarified form, which serve to reflect the consciousness of our artists in a purer way than most feature films. With ideas often less diluted or altered by commercial imperatives, short films hold tremendous cultural significance. [1, 1] Shorts are playing a role of a training ground for young artists and they are continuing their research and creative experiment. They are raising the problems in their "little" affair, which cannot be overlooked by "big movie" sponsors. In The Film Encyclopedia, Ephraim Katz notes the multiple functions of short film, as both a 'training and testing ground' where new talent and techniques reveal themselves, and as a vehicle for artistic expression and social commentary [2, 1248].
The short began developing intensively in Uzbek cinema, in 2010. Young artists have started to work efficiently in this direction, which does not require much money, but also allows them to express their views. Here, we should mention Umid Hamdamov's short film named "Nazar", shot in 2011. It should be noted that he was the director, screen writer and the producer of the film. The idea of the film is that a human should live with hope, and the story tells about a family which hadn't had a child for a long period of time. At the same time, loyalty was praised. The
theme of the work is not only human loyalty, but also the dog's loyalty to its owner.
The director tells that human beings should not be disappointed in any situation. At the same time, he explains the importance of keeping family relationships closer in difficulties. The characters' problems were expressed in a different and original way. Let's just take a look at one of the bright episodes. While walking in the street, the hero sees harassment of neighbors. A lady is carrying a baby in her one hand and her another four or five year old girl was with her. The girl wanted to move a little bit because she was cold and suddenly falls. Her mother starts beating her. Instead of trying to calm down the child, she starts complaining about her children. Our hero Nazar becomes angry because he did not have any children. But he does not say anything. By this the director points that his weakness. Anybody would say some notations in such kind of a situation. But the Nazar is obliged to swallow all his anger and keep silence in order not to hear from them "We will see you when you will have yours".
In this scene where the male heroine plays with the puppy as it is her little baby is the well-thought scene by the director of the film. She gives her love and care to the little puppy, which she cannot give to her own babies. Her mother-in-law, who is watching a funny situation which is at the same time sad cries because she pities her daughter-in-law. The direc-
tor compares her tears with the drops of the ice on the roof. That is, even ice does not endure the situation. In short films, such comparisons help boost image power. Looking at the paradoxical logic, it's easy to express the true depth of the film, to fill the screen space with inspiration (for each screen point to breathe) to the hero's deep sorrow [3].
This film is despite it is Umid Hamdamov's debut film is a masterpiece. While the film is in the genre of drama, it is far from pessimistic character. Despite the death of the main character, life finds its inoculum in the new body. The director tried to convey that life is a peculiarity of the loss and finding. His views on the meaning of human life are realistic, but also reflected in the optimistic spirit.
Khodjimatov Doston's short film named "Dignity" ("Qadr") of 2015 featured a natural picture of society. It is based on the story of Erkin Osman "Goodness", where he talks about a schoolteacher. The film's hero devoted his whole life to educating children, and is expelled when he got old. That is, his retirement deprived his meaning of life. The director tries to disclose the inner experiences of the teacher that he feels as an unnecessary thing thrown away. Despite being a young director himself, he was able to express the feelings of an old person. By the facial expression of an old person in close-up shots are shown his inner feelings and the circumstances he is living to the audience as an impressive and intuitive picture of the image. The operator has been able to light the actor's face skillfully and take pictures from the right angle to increase the image's aesthetic power.
One of the experts explains this approach to short films by young artists: "It is crucial for the young author to bring his inner experiences to the screen. At the same time, he tries to avoid "callousness" from the complement, the place and the time. In their views, the shorts are briefly expressing their opinion" [4]. It should be noted that in the film was used metaphors to explain the author's ideas. At the beginning of the film there is a scene where an old tree is cut off. The tree that has been serving for a
long time is cut down with no regrets. This is an attempt to show how indulgent a society can be sometimes. With this small scene, the director managed to completely reveal the idea of the film. The fate of the teacher is explained by the simple motive meaning. The truncated tree is obviously a dismissed teacher, which in turn creates a sense of pity for the hero.
In Khodjimatov Doston's film "Dignity" a retired teacher goes to the store and buys different presents for himself and by this he wants to show how appreciated he is among his family. These sides of the hero's behavior add emphasis to the idea of the film. He does not cry and even does not have long monologue speeches, which shows director's specific approach to it. The director did not stop with it. His daughter and son-in-law see the old man in the store. They do not say a word because they knew his situation. Here, the girl's big eyesight in close-up served to express her pity for her father. By this, the director points to viewers that it is natural that the events that are happening in our community sometimes should be unnoticed. The fact that the film is based on the facial expressions and the images and actions, rather than words, increases its value. In the final scene of the movie, the hero falls asleep in the room where the table is lit. His wife comes into the room and calls him. But the hero does not answer to a few calls. His wife was afraid. The viewer also wakes up with the idea of a person who is deprived of the meaning of life. Thus, the short film "Dignity" could end with a sad ending. But the director found a specific solution for the film. At the end ofthe film, several of the teacher's students come to see him. That is, the director wants to emphasize that the teacher is still appreciated by his students and his long-term work has not gone unheeded. This conclusion ofthe story opens up its idea completely. In other words, no one can be forgotten. Because someone's work does not lose its value despite changes in time. Despite the fact that the short film "Dignity" was the first work of this director he could show his views in the film.
Here is useful to mention the short "Tea" directed by Shokir Kholikov in 2018. This film describes a life
of human being and main meaning of existence. Film tells a simple story that concludes itself philosophy and psychology. "Tea" is about a disabled old man that wanted to drink tea. He called the bell to ask for tea that was on the windowsill, but daughter-in-law that was busy with calming down her some month kid did not understand him. One time she opened the window, next time she brought the wheelchair. The old man felt sorry for daughter-in-law who twirled between him and the kid. He decided to not disturb a daughter-in-law and take a jar of tea on himself by wheelchair. He managed to sit down on the wheelchair with difficulties. But when there was a little distance to reach the windowsill, wheel of chair is enmeshed in cables of carpet. The old man stood and sat down on the floor. He managed to take the jar of tea and gave it to his grandson who came to drink because of playing games in the street he was very thirsty. The old man passed the tea to the child whose tiny hands tried to reach it. The kid drank tea and went to play. The five-six year old child could not understand how was difficult for grandfather to give him tea. But the old man was satisfied. In his eyes were happiness and proud. He was glad to help his grandchild to quench his thirst.
It is not secret that all living things live for their children. Especially, human lives for his generation. He is ready to give all things that he has and does not have. The film "Tea" describes this simple thing of the life. At the same time it involves people to think about parents who done all to bring up them. It mentions to people how parents bring up children in spite of any difficulties. Director of the film Shokir Kho-likov wanted to show main meaning of the life, and remarked duty of people towards parents. However, the short "Tea" does not consist any words, it can give huge message to viewers. The film has a power touch the bottom of hearts. It makes people think about main things in the life and understand what the most important in the world is. The short film "Tea" influences young generation to develop their world-view and esthetic thoughts on the life. Without any doubts
we count the short film "Tea" that let us understand what human is and what his goal of life is.
Cinema is not only a communicator of ideas and an essential component of the culture industries. It is also a crucial pedagogical tool that facilitates efficient learning and motivates participation from new generations of audiences. It can help audiences, 'old' and 'new', to rethink their place in the world, and crucially, it can also motivate them to do something about the injustices and exploitation to which they are witness [5, 12]. And there is a lot of such kind of short films. For example, the short "Worm" is dedicated on the problem ofAral Sea. It was directed by Abror Samug-jonov in 2018. This film tells about lifestyle of an old man that has lived near Aral Sea. The young director describes influence ofAral Sea tragedy on the nature and people. The film "Worm" shows how a seaman after reducing of area of the sea had to change his j ob. The old man who was a seaman had to start digging up worms for selling. A seaman has to do this for life. But the worst thing is not that one old man had to change his profession, it is that he has to listen to a sound of the sea by player. The catastrophe is that the old man comes to the cost of the sea where he sailed on the ships before and looks at neglected ships on the sand. He listens to the sea wave by player that he bought for money that he earned by selling worms. The film makes viewers think about how human can destroy the nature because ofhis shortsighted and goals. And how huge tragedy becomes because ofhuman's done. It touches bottom of the hearts when you look at how a seaman listens to a sound of the sea by technique. People with a thirst for "great future" annihilated not only nature and living things on it but, they also demolished chance to be seen and used gifts of nature by generation. This hard truth is described in the short film "Worm" ofAbror Samugjonov.
As we see cinema is one of the most efficient ways to debate political and cultural issues in a global society. This is especially the case with cinema's potential to visually capture the transnational and even global scale of ecological problems, and engage with
them in a way that reaches wide global audiences world better and improve society firstly we should
[6, 15]. So, we can see that short films are made on advance the young people's views. In this way short
purpose to make the world beautiful and people hu- films have a great power and we must encourage de-
mane. This is a main mission of the arts and shorts veloping shorts in cinema arts. Than shorts influence
carry out it brilliantly. And as we want to make the on our lives in the best way.
References:
1. Raby S., quoted in: 'An exhibition highlighting the cinematography of Simon Raby' (advertising postcard), The Film Archive, - Auckland, 2008.
2. Katz E. The Film Encyclopedia.- Crowell, 1979.
3. Drozdova M. Anapa - 2007: Our hints are fully transparent. The arts of cinema.- Moscow, 2008.- No. 2.
4. Malukova L. Cinema-brief. Notes on modern short films. The arts of cinema.- Moscow, 2004.- No. 10.
5. Kaapa P. Questions and answers. Film. Intellect | publishers of original thinking. Bristol.
6. Mactaggart A. Lynch D., film-maker and visual artist. Film. Intellect | publishers of original thinking. Bristol.
