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Faunistic review of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve
Vasiliy B. Kolesnikov
Voronezh state pedagogical university, Ulitsa Lenina 86, Voronezh, Voronezh Oblast, 394043 Russia jukoman@yandex. ru
Received: 19.03.2018 Accepted: 06.04.2018 Published online: 25.04.2018
DOI: 10.23859/estr-180207 UDC 502.74 (470.324) URL: http://www.ecosysttrans.com/ publikatsii/detail_page.php?ID=59
ISSN 2619-094X Print ISSN 2619-0931 Online
Translated by D.D. Pavlov
The study presents results on the analysis of faunistic complex of oribatid mites inhabiting the core zone of Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve named after V.M. Peskov. The number of taxa of oribatid mites from the reserve's core zone inhabiting green-moss pine forests, aspen forests and alder forests including 85 species, 59 genera and 33 family is presented for the first time. Results of the study show that core zone fauna mostly consists of Palaearctic and Holarctic mite species. Pine forests were dominated by the ecological group of mites living in soil pores, aspen and alder forests - mites dwelling in the litter layer. Greater number of primary-unspecialized and lower number of surface dwelling species were found in the core zone comparing with the zone of economic use of the reserve.
Keywords: oribatid mites, species list, core zone, Voronezhskaya oblast, morphoecological types, pine forests, alder forests, aspen forests, specially protected natural territories.
Kolesnikov, V.B., 2018. Faunistic review of oribatid mites (Acari: Oribatida) from Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve. Ecosystem Transformation 1 (1), 42-48.
Introduction
Oribatid mites (Acariformes: Oribatida) are numerous and widely distributed soil arthropods serving as convenient model objects for bioindication of transformation processes in the soil. The analysis of oribatid mites' fauna found in the specially protected nature territories (SPNT) many of which are insular zones surrounded by territories with high degree of anthropogenic transformation are of especial interest (Krivolutskiy, 1994).
Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve named after V.M. Peskov (hereinafter - Voronezh reserve) is an example of such SPNT. Its main task is to protect the natural complex of insular forest massif in the forest steppe zone. Territory of Voronezh reserve is an excellent model for research in the field of insular biogeography, functioning and conservation of metapopulations, development of practical recommendations for the organization of nature
conservation in densely populated regions of European Russia.
Voronezh reserve oribatid mites' fauna has been studied earlier by R.V. Kolycheva. These studies have been carried out from 1980's and allowed finding 103 species of oribatids (Kolycheva, 1994) however having been carried out only in the economic zone of the reserve not covering the core zone.
Aim of the present work was to analyze oribatid mites fauna in the Voronezh reserve core zone territory.
Material and methods
Nature reserve is located on the border between Voronezhskaya (Verkhnekhavsky rayon) and Lipetskaya (Usmansky rayon) oblasts, occupying the northern half of the insular forest massif - Usmansky bor. The geographical coordinates are in the range
N 51°52'-52°02' and E 39°21'-39°47'. On the southern border of the reserve is the village Krasnolesny (by rail - Grafskaya station), on the western side - settlement Ramon', on the northern - Usman' town, Lipetskaya oblast. 18 settlements are located on the perimeter. About 40 km south of the reserve is the city of Voronezh - industrial, scientific and historical and cultural center of the Chernozem region; 100 km to the north - large industrial city of Lipetsk. The reserve is connected with these regional centers by automotive roads and railways (Kadastrovye svedeniya..., 2014).
Material was collected in the summer (June-July) of 2013-2015. Sampling was performed on plots 202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342 according to the Voronezh reserve territory zoning (Fig. 1). Plots 202, 203, 221, 222 represent alder and aspen forests; undergrowth is dominated by black currant and the dense high herbage is made from a large number of herbaceous plants (common reed, meadowsweet, nettle, ostrich fern, etc.). Sod forest soils prevail. Plots 340, 341, 342 are green moss pine forests. The forest floor is dominated mainly by a moss pillow made of rugose fork-moss and red-stemmed feathermoss, in
the grassy layer there are one-sided wintergreen, round-leaved wintergreen, prince's pine, stiff clubmoss, common clubmoss and groundcedar. Sod forest soils prevail here as well, although with a high admixture of sand (Vengerov et al., 2009).
Soil samples were taken according to the standard method. Size of the soil sample was 10x10 cm. A total of 580 samples were taken. Mites were collected using Berlese-Tullgren funnels. Collected material was cleared in concentrated lactic acid. Species were identified according to "Die Tierwelt Deutschlands. Hornmilben" (Weigmann, 2006). Oribatid systematics are given according to Balogh (Balogh and Balogh, 1992a, b) and Subias (Subías, 2014) systems.
Results
We have collected 85 species belonging to 59 genera and 33 families from the studied plots in the Voronezh reserve. 54 species were common for our research and materials of R.V. Kolycheva, while 49 more species indicated in her review have not been found. At the same time, 31 species among those that we
Figure 1. The zoning of Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve (from http://zapovednik-vrn.ru/o-zapovednike1/dokumenty1/kadastrovye-svedeniya/, with changes). The zones of sampling plots are marked by a box.
collected have not been found previously on the territory of Voronezh reserve. Of particular interest are 17 species, new to the fauna of the Voronezh region, including one family (Mesoplophoridae Ewing, 1917) and three genera (Mesoplophora Niedbata, 1985, Furcoppia Mahunka, 1983, Suctobelba Paoli, 1908).
In terms of taxonomy, higher oribatid mites (Brachypylina) form the basis of the oribatofauna of the region. Their share in the total taxonomic list is 73% for genera and 75% for species. The share of the lowest mites is 27 and 25%, respectively.
In zoogeographical terms the overwhelming majority are Palaearctic (43%) and Holarctic (30%) species. The proportion of cosmopolitans is 21%. About 6% are European species.
In terms of morphoecology the population of oribatid mites of the core zone is distributed as follows: only 33% are secondary non-specialized types, while 30% are inhabitants of the surface layer, 26% are inhabitants of minute pores and 13% are primary non-specialized species with soft outer covers.
When comparing the generalized data with the results of Kolycheva's study (1994), it is evident that the share of surface-dwelling species in the core zone is much lower (30 versus 52% noted for the zone of economic use), which is presumably due to the low thickness of the litter layer. At the same time, the share of primary non-specialized species and inhabitants of pores is significantly higher in the core zone territory (13 and 26 against 8 and 17%, respectively). This difference, in our opinion, can be explained primarily by the absence of anthropogenic load on the soil of the core.
It should be noted that two groups of plots (202, 203, 221, 222 and 340, 341, 342) have some differences in the species composition of mites, which is probably due to varying environmental conditions. Thus, plots 202, 203, 221, 222 are dominated by species preferring the litter layer of broad-leaved trees (species of genera Nothrus, Hermanniella, Cepheus, Carabodes, family Oribatellidae, etc.) and the presence of a dense network of small roots in the soil (for example, genera Ramusella, Berniniella and Furcoppia). At the same time, there are almost no moss-dwelling mites, except for the species that inhabit moss growing on tree trunks (Poroliodes farinosus and Fosseremus laciniatus).
Species that prefer loose sandy soils (small-size inhabitants of soil pores, for example, species of the family Brachychthoniidae, Liebstadia pannonica, Licnodamaeus pulcherrimus, etc.), as well as the inhabitants of the above-ground moss (in particular species of the genus Furcoribula and Eremaeus) are abundant on plots 340, 341, 342. Despite these differences, many species are found in both groups of plots. These are, first of all, secondary unspecialized species from the families Euphthiracaridae, Phthiracaridae, Achipteriidae, Ceratozetidae,
Scheloribatidae and Galumnidae. A number of species from other ecological groups, such as primary unspecialized species (families Hypochthoniidae and Eniochthoniidae), the inhabitants of soil pores (family Oppiidae, Suctobelbidae, etc.) are also characterized by a very uniform distribution.
Below is a general taxonomic list of oribatid mites from the core zone of Voronezh Reserve.
Annotated list of oribatid mites of the core zone of Voronezh Reserve
An asterisk (*) marks the species first recorded for the Voronezh Region, the grating (#) -the species first recorded on the territory of the Voronezh Reserve. The figures indicate the number of the reserve plot in which the species was found (Fig. 1).
Superfam. Hypochthonioidea Berlese, 1910
(2 families, 2 genera, 2 species) Fam. Hypochthoniidae Berlese, 1910
Genus Hypochthonius Koch, 1835 Hypochthonius rufulus Koch, 183 5 202,203,221222 340
341, 342
Fam. Eniochthoniidae Grandjean, 1947
Genus Hypochthoniella Berlese, 1910 (=Eniochthonius Grandjean, 1933) Hypochthoniella minutissima (Berlese, 1904) 202203
221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Superfam. Brachychthonioidea Thor, 1934
(1 family, 3 genera, 8 species) Fam. Brachychthoniidae Thor, 1934
Genus Brachychthonius Berlese, 1910 Brachychthonius impressus Moritz, 1976 #340,341342 Brachychthonius hirtus Moritz, 1976 *#340,341,342 Genus Liochthonius Hammen, 1959 Liochthonius (Liochthonius) plumosus Mahunka,
1 969 #202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Sellnickochthonius Krivolutsky, 1964 Sellnickochthonius cricoides (Weis-Fogh, 1948) 340
341, 342
Sellnickochthonius rostratus hungaricus (Balogh, 1943) #340, 341, 342
Sellnickochthonius suecicus (Forsslund, 1942) 202
203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Sellnickochthonius zelawaiensis (Sellnick, 1928) 202
203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Sellnickochthonius jacoti (Evans, 1952) *#340,341,342
Superfam. Epilohmannioidea Oudemans, 1923
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species)
Fam. Epilohmanniidae Oudemans, 1923
Genus Epilohmannia Berlese, 1910 Epilohmannia cylindrica (Berlese, 1904) #221
Superfam. Mesoplophoroidea Ewing, 1917
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species) Fam. Mesoplophoridae Ewing, 1917
Genus Mesoplophora (Parplophora) Niedbata, 1985 Mesoplophora (Parplophora) pulchra Sellnick, 1928
*#202, 203, 221, 222
Superfam. Euphthiracaroidea Jacot, 1930
(1 family, 3 genera, 3 species) Fam. Euphthiracaridae Jacot, 1930
Genus Acrotritia Jacot, 1923 (=Rhysotritia Märkel et Meyer, 1959)
Acrotritia ardua (Koch , 1841) 202.203.221.222.340.341,342 Genus Euphthiracarus Ewing, 1917 Euphthiracarus (Euphthiracarus) reticulatus (Berlese, 1913) *#203,221 Genus Microtritia Märkel, 1964 Microtritia minima (Berlese, 1904) 340,341,342
Superfam. Phthiracaroidea Perty, 1841
(1 family, 3 genera, 5 species) Fam. Phthiracaridae Perty, 1841
Genus Atropacarus Ewing, 1917
Atropacarus (Atropacarus) striculus (Koch, 1835)
202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Phthiracarus Perty, 1841
Phthiracarus (Phthiracarus) globosus (Koch, 1841)
#202, 203, 221, 222
Phthiracarus (Phthiracarus) laevigatus (Koch, 1841)
#340, 341, 342
Phthiracarus (Phthiracarus) longulus (Koch, 1841)
#202, 203, 221, 222
Genus Steganacarus Ewing, 1917 Steganacarus (Tropacarus) carinatus (Koch, 1841)
#340
Superfam. Crotonioidea Thorell, 1876
(2 families, 2 genera, 3 species) Fam. Nothridae Berlese, 1896
Genus Nothrus Koch, 1836
Nothrus pratensis Sellnick, 1928 203
Nothrus pulchellus (Berlese, 19 1 0) 203 (=Nothrus
parvus Sitnikova, 1975)
Fam. Camisiidae Oudemans, 1900
Genus Camisia Heyden, 1826
Heminothrus (Platynothrus) peltifer (Koch, 1839) 202
203, zzi, 222, 340, mi, 342 (=Platynothrus grandjeani Sitnikova, 1975)
Superfam. Hermannielloidea Grandjean, 1934
(1 family, 1 genus, 2 species)
Fam. Hermanniellidae Grandjean, 1934
Genus Hermanniella Berlese, 1908 Hermanniella dolosa Grandjean, 193 1 221 222 Hermanniella septentrionalis Berlese, 1910 221>222
Superfam. Neoliodoidea Sellnick, 1928
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species) Fam. Neoliodidae Sellnick, 1928
Genus Poroliodes Grandjean, 1934 Poroliodes farinosus (Koch, 18 39) 221.222
Superfam. Plateremaeoidea Trägardh, 1926
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species)
Fam. Licnodamaeidae Grandjean, 1954
Genus Licnodamaeus Grandjean, 1931 Licnodamaeus pulcherrimus (Paoli, 1908) #340341,342
Superfam. Gymnodamaeoidea Grandjean, 1954
(1 family, 2 genera, 3 species)
Fam. Gymnodamaeidae Grandjean, 1954
Genus Adrodamaeus Paschoal, 1984 Adrodamaeus rossicus (Bulanova-Zachvatkina,
1967) *#340, 341, 342
Gymnodamaeus barbarossa Weigmann, 2006 *#34a
341, 342
Genus Gymnodamaeus Kulczynski, 1902 Gymnodamaeus bicostatus (Koch, 1835) #340,341.342
Superfam. Damaeoidea Berlese, 1896
(1 family, 4 genera, 5 species) Fam. Damaeidae Berlese, 1896
Genus Damaeus (Epidamaeus) Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957
Damaeus (Epidamaeus) bituberculatus (Kulczynski, 1 902) *#202, 203, 221
Genus Damaeus (Spatiodamaeus) Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957
Damaeus (Spatiodamaeus) kamaensis (Sellnick, 1 926) *#202, 203, 221, 342
Genus Porobelba Grandjean, 1936
Porobelba spinosa (Sellnick, 1920) #202, 203, 221, 222
340, 341, 342
Genus Metabelba Grandjean, 1936 Metabelba (Neobelba) pseudopapillipes (Bulanova-Zachvatkina , 1967) #202, 203, 221,222,340,341,342 Metabelba (Metabelba) papillipes (Nicolet, 1855)
*#202, 203, 221, 222
Superfam. Niphocepheoidea Trav, 1959
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species) Fam. Compactozetidae Luxton, 1988 (=Cepheidae Berlese, 1896)
Genus Cepheus Koch, 1835 Cepheus cepheiformis (Nicolet, 1855) #221
Superfam. Gustavioidea Oudemans, 1900
(2 families, 4 genera, 4 species) Fam. Astegistidae Balogh, 1961
Genus Cultroribula Berlese, 1908
Cultroribula bicultrata (Berlese, 1905) #202,340,341.342
Genus Furcoppia (Mexicoppia) Mahunka, 1983 Furcoppia (Mexicoppia) cf. vtorovi (Krivolutsky, 1971) *#202> 203, 221, 222
Genus Furcoribula Balogh, 1943
Furcoribula furcillata (Nordenskiöld, 1901) 342
Fam. Liacaridae Sellnick, 1928
Genus Liacarus Michael, 1898
Liacarus (Dorycranosus) acutus Pschorn-Walcher,
1951 341
Superfam. Eremaeoidea Oudemans, 1900
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species) Fam. Eremaeidae Oudemans, 1900
Genus Eremaeus Koch, 1835 Eremaeus hepaticus Koch, 1835 340341
Superfam. Ameroidea Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1957
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species) Fam. Damaeolidae Grandjean, 1965
Genus Fosseremus Grandjean, 1954 Fosseremus laciniatus (Berlese, 1905) #202, 203 221 222
Superfam. Oppidea Sellnick, 1937
(2 families, 8 genera, 9 species) Fam. Oppiidae Sellnick, 1937 nodceM. Multioppiinae Balogh, 1983
Genus Multioppia Hammer, 1961
Multioppia glabra (Mihelcic, 1955) 202,340,341,342
Multioppia wilsoni laniseta Moritz, 1966 *#221,222
Genus Ramusella Hammer, 1962
Ramusella (Insculptoppia) furcata (Willmann, 1928)
*#202, 203, 221, 222
nodceM. Medioppiinae Subías et Minguez, 1985
Genus Microppia Balogh, 1983
Microppia minus (Paoli , 1908) 202.203.221.222.340.341
342 (=Oppia minutissima Sellnick, 1950)
Genus Rinoppia Balogh, 1983 (=Medioppia Subías
et Minguez, 1985)
Rinoppia subpectinata (Oudemans, 1900) 340 (=Medioppia tuberculata Bulanova-Zachvatkina, 1964)
nodceM. Oppiellinae Seniczak, 1975
Genus Berniniella Balogh, 1983 Berniniella bicarinata (Paoli, 1908) 221 Genus Moritzoppia Subías et Rodriguez, 1988 Moritzoppia unicarinata (Paoli, 1908) 202,203,221.222
340, 341, 342
Genus Oppiella Jacot, 1937
Oppiella nova (Oudemans, 1902) 202,203,221.222,340
341, 342
Fam. Quadroppiidae Balogh, 1983
Genus Quadroppia Jacot, 1939
Quadroppia (Quadroppia) quadricarinata (Michael,
1 885) 202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Superfam. Trizetoidea Ewing, 1917
(1 family, 2 genera, 8 species) Fam. Suctobelbidae Jacot, 1938
Genus Suctobelbella Jacot, 1937
Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) acutidens sarekensis
(Forsslund, 1941) #202,203,221.222
Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) longicuspis Jacot,
1937 #340, 341, 342
Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) opistodentata (Golosova, 1970) #202,203,221 Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) subcornigera subcornigera (Forsslund , 1941) #202,203,221,222 .340 Suctobelbella (Suctobelbella) subcornigera vera (Moritz, 1964) #340,341,342
Suctobelbella (Flagrosuctobelba) alloenasuta Moritz, 1971 #203
Suctobelbella (Flagrosuctobelba) forsslundi (Strenzke, 1950) #221,222,340 Genus Suctobelba Paoli, 1908 Suctobelba aliena Moritz, 1970 *#340,341
Superfam. Carabodoidea Koch, 1837
(1 family, 1 genus, 3 species) Fam. Carabodidae Koch, 1837
Genus Carabodes Koch, 1835
Carabodes (Carabodes) subarcticus Trägärdh, 1902
221, 222
Carabodes (Carabodes) areolatus Berlese, 1916 221
222, 340, 341, 342
Carabodes (Carabodes) femoralis (Nicolet, 1855)
221, 340, 341, 342
Superfam. Tectocepheoidea Grandjean, 1954
(1 family, 1 genus, 1 species)
Fam. Tectocepheidae Grandjean, 1954
Genus Tectocepheus Berlese, 1896 Tectocepheus velatus sarekensis Trägärdh, 1910
203, 221, 222, 340, 341
Superfam. Achipterioidea Thor, 1929
(1 family, 2 genera, 2 species) Fam. Achipteriidae Thor, 1929
Genus Achipteria Berlese, 1885
Achipteria (Achipteria) nitens (Nicolet, 1855) 202,203,
221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Campachipteria (Triachipteria) Subías, 2017 Campachipteria (Triachipteria) fanzagoi (Jacot, 1929) *#202, 203, 221 (=Parachipteria willmanni Hammen, 1952)
Superfam. Oribatelloidea Jacot, 1925
(1 family, 2 genera, 2 species) Fam. Oribatellidae Jacot, 1925
Genus Oribatella Banks, 1895 Oribatella (Oribatella) sexdentata Berlese, 1916 #203 221, 222
Genus Ophidiotrichus Grandjean, 1953 Ophidiotrichus tectus (Michael, 1884) 221, 222 (=Notaspis borussicus Sellnick, 1908)
Superfam. Ceratozetoidea Jacot, 1925
(3 families, 5 genera, 7 species) Fam. Ceratozetidae Jacot, 1925
Genus Ceratozetella Shaldybina, 1966 Ceratozetella (Ceratozetella) sellnicki (Rajski, 1958)
202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Ceratozetes Berlese, 1908
Ceratozetes (Ceratozetes) gracilis (Michael, 1884)
202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Ceratozetes (Ceratozetes) peritus Grandjean, 1951
202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Euzetes Berlese, 1908
Euzetes globulus (Nicolet, 1855) 202, 203, 221, 222, 340
341, 342
Fam. Chamobatidae Thor, 1937
Genus Chamobates Hull, 1916
Chamobates (Chamobates) cuspidatus (Michael,
1884) 341
Chamobates (Chamobates) subglobulus
(Oudemans, 1900) *#22i.222
Fam. Punctoribatidae Thor, 1937
Genus Punctoribates Berlese, 1908 Punctoribates (Semipunctoribates) zachvatkini Shaldybina, 1969 202,221,222,341,342
Superfam. Oripodoidea Jacot, 1925
(3 families, 4 genera, 6 species) Fam. Oribatulidae Thor, 1929
Genus Oribatula (Zygoribatula) Berlese, 1916 Oribatula (Zygoribatula) exilis (Nicolet, 1855) 340,341
342
Genus Phauloppia Berlese, 1908 Phauloppia lucorum (Koch, 1841) *#341,342 Fam. Liebstadiidae J. et P. Balogh, 1984
Genus Liebstadia Oudemans, 1906
Liebstadia similis (Michael, 1888) 202,203,221,222,340
341, 342
Liebstadia pannonica (Willmann, 1951) #341,342 Fam. Scheloribatidae Jacot, 1935
Genus Scheloribates Berlese, 1908 Scheloribates (Scheloribates) pallidulus pallidulus (Koch 1841) 202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Scheloribates (Scheloribates) pallidulus latipes (Koch 1844) 202,203,221,222,340, 341, 342
Superfam. Galumnoidea Jacot, 1925
(2 families, 3 genera, 5 species) Fam. Parakalummidae Grandjean, 1936
Genus Neoribates Berlese, 1914
Neoribates (Neoribates) gracilis Trave, 1970 *#340341
Neoribates (Neoribates) aurantiacus (Oudemans,
19 1 4) 202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
CeM. Galumnidae Jacot, 1925
Genus Galumna Heyden, 1826
Galumna (Galumna) lanceata (Oudemans, 1900)
202, 203, 221, 222, 340, 341, 342
Genus Pergalumna Grandjean, 1936 Pergalumna nervosa (Berlese, 1914) 202,203,221,222
340, 341, 342
Pergalumna willmanni (Zachvatkin, 1953) #203,221,222
Conclusion
Palaearctic and Holarctic species with inclusions of European fauna represent the faunistic complex of oribatid mites in the Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve. At the moment, we have not found any noticeable endemism or intersection with non-European endemic complexes. At the same time, the fauna of the oribatid mites of Voronezh Reserve can not be considered fully studied. So far, there are no detailed data on such plant complexes as oak forests, linden trees, maple tree forests, blueberry beds, lichen pine forests, birch forests, grass and sedge marshes, sphagnum bogs and meadow complexes. The arboreal fauna of the reserve and local destructive systems, such as decomposing wood residues, also remain unexplored.
All morphoecological types of mites are fairly uniformly represented in the fauna, which can be explained by the absence of any anthropogenic load on soil complexes.
Acknowledgements
Author is grateful to the staff members of Voronezh state nature biosphere reserve named after V.M. Peskov, E.A. Starodubtseva and P.D. Vengerov for their assistance.
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