CC BY
10«ШУУШШШУМ-ЛШГМаИ» #4(127), 2022 / PHILOLOGICAL SCIENCES
https://phrase_dictionary.academic.ru/
16. Azarbaycan dilinin izahli lügati https://obas-tan.com/az/dict/exp/word/23529- QAN-YA%C5%9E
17. Azarbaycan dilinin frazeologiya lügat https://www.azleks.az/online- diction-ary/qan+a%C4%9Flamaq
18. A§iq Ali. Gözlaram sani. http://enene.musigi-dunya. az/gerayli_ali 1. html
19. A§iq Ali. Osarlari. Baki, "Avrasiya press", 2006, 192 s.
20. XIX asr Azarbaycan §eri antologiyasi, Baki,
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"§ЭЩ^ЭГЬ", 2005, 424 8.
21. Эhmэdov В. 'Etimotogiya Ага^ита-1аг, mulaЫzэlэr". Вак1, Altun КйаЬ. 2015. https://www.azleks.az/online-diction-ary/qan+a%C4%9Flamaq
22. Гудков Д. Б. "Кровь" в соматическом коде культуры (по данным русской фразеологии)// Язык, сознание, коммуникация, М.:МАКС Пресс, 2003. -Вып. 124 с http://www.philol.msu.ru/~slavphil/books/jsk_23_02g udkov.pdf
UDC 81 374.2
Mammedova Zhala Eldar
Ph.D - student of Linguistic Institute named after Nasimi of ANAS, lecturer of Foreign Language Department of SSU, Azerbaijan Republic DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-4127-65-69 EXPRESSiON OF WORDS' ISSUES IN E-DICTIONARIES
Abstract:
Connections between words and sentences which shown vividly during text translation, word combinations and sentences, it means that close connected problem thoughts are explained in the article. Examples on words sounding as phonetics aspect, and their explanation as ethnically are introduced by author. Explanations of words are explained by samples in different electron and print dictionaries and their various sides are cleared.
Key-words: electronic dictionary, word-meaning, explanation, expressing meaning of the word, presentation, internet
The meaning of the word is large conception and expresses notion, emotional situation, action and etc. Word meaning has a definite source meaning can be appear on base of definite event, motion, emotional situation. It means that, each word has at least three features (sound complex, meaning, and meaning source). According to A.Akhundov, word in vocabulary content acts as virtual mono meaning sign, but in speech expressing as being member actual sign [1, 165]. But F.Y.Veyselli noted that, it is necessary to study having or not having referent of word, attitude between things and events in real life. Some words reflect objective reality (room, water, weather), or abstract notion (love, confident) [2, 369]. We can meet thoughts about connection between words and sentences, united of words and sentences, connected problems in G.Sh.Kazimov's proses [3, 3]. This problem shows itself vividly during in any text translation. It is possible to meet the problem of sounding in phonetic aspect, words explanation in ethnic aspect in N.N.Amosova's prose. Researcher introduces ethnic explanation of the words directly in front of the words. For example, "to change" (middle century English), "changen", it was created from "changer" (Old French) [4, 86]. It is clear that, there are some kinds of dictionaries on our desk while translating any text and we address to appropriate dictionary according to context of the text. In this case, we meet different meanings of a word in the dictionaries. The first explanation to the word is for morphological aspect, it is given belonging part of speech. After all, samples, phraseological units, idioms and figurative meanings are introduced. Then, synonym and antonym variants are given. The explanation principals of words in dictionaries and all lexicography's approach are also different.
F.Veysalli noted that, when denotations of two phrases are equal then they become equivalent in logically. Sometimes they are approached as synonym, but synonym is not differing with equivalent. E.g /duck is bird//, here /duck/is common /bird / is some part of denotation (hyponym), it means that it is necessary meaning (part belongs to whole) [5, 111].
It is cleared that, if two phrases or sentences have the same meaning they are equivalent in logically. Antonyms have a great role in semantic encounters in the Azerbaijan language as other languages. If we change the place of phrases which create equivalent expressing the same connections it will possible to use context and situation, homonym and synonym in explanation of the meaning. The meaning of the word is explained by synonyms, but using by samples. The most modern method is collected according to spoken act. May be some words become older till big modern dictionaries. We can characterize XXI century as scientific integration century. However integration of any country is so strong and comprehensive, so getting all type of diffusion information in native language of every people and has a right to form their moral nature. Nowadays linguistic science is surrounded some huge languages (English, French, and Russian etc.). The biggest innovations in the world are in this language. From this point of view, appearing the encyclopedia of the Azerbaijan linguistic is more important. The explanation of Abbreviations, abzhas, abstract etc. terms in different languages are come across in here [6, 182].
It is true, Azerbaijan linguistic develops rapidly, and according to this process new words and terms come into the language, that's why, dictionaries are grouped in different fields. We can meet this situation
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became a witness of it [8, 370]. For example, look for the word (fly) in several electronic dictionaries that are most popular in the internet. The result can be seen in Table 3.2.
in explanatory linguistics terms of Adilov M.I., Ver-diyeva Z. N., Agayeva F.M. Anafora, anatomic lexica etc. are explained here [7, 3-4].
Vocabulary is a field where each author has their own approach, and when we compare of any word, we
Table 3.2.
Explanation of words in electronic dictionaries (Google, Lingoes, World Web, Explained Azerbaijani dic-
_tionary).
GOOGLE www.translate.com
- fly - verb: (fly, soar, slide, tumble, fly up); (fly, pull down, force fly, set free, let out); (fly); noun: (fly, housefly); (flight, fly, take-off, flying, upward);_
LINGOES
www.wordnet.princeton.edu
-fly [flai] n. 1. two-winged insects characterized by active flight 2. flap consisting of a piece of canvas that can be drawn back to provide entrance to a tent 3. an opening in a garment that is closed by a zipper or by buttons concealed under a fold of cloth 4. (baseball) a hit that flies up in the air 5. fisherman's lure consisting of a fishhook decorated to look like an insect
v. 1. travel through the air; be airborne 2. move quickly or suddenly 3. fly a plane 4. transport by airplane 5. cause to fly or float 6. change quickly from one emotional state to another 7. pass away rapidly 8. travel in an airplane 9. display in the air or cause to float 10. run away quickly 11. travel over (an area of land or sea) in an aircraft 12. decrease rapidly and disappear
adj. (British informal) not to be deceived or hoodwinked_
WorldWeb 3.2 www.wordweb.info
- verb: fly (flies, flown, flying) 1. Traveling in the air (Human flight can not); 2. To move suddenly (where he went quickly) 3. Air traffic (We flew from north to south); 4. Blow up the shingle; 5. Wind speed movement: Name: 1st, fast flying insects; 2. narrow (fleet); badminton ball; adjective: undecided, fluent (British); well-dressed (in North American): correcting name: flier, flyer, flying; correction of feil: overfly, outfly, refly; fixation: flyable_
Azarbaycan dilinin izahli elektron lügati
play.google.com/store/apps/de-tails=hasanaga.azeeng
- fly - noun: a hawthorn insect, spreading some germicidal microbes. Butchering does not mean anything; He said to the madman: "O proud! Flies eat me - S.A. Shirvani; About Milk Vision - Absolutely no words, no effect, and so on. The supervisor's shout did not even affect the flywheel - M.Huseyn; Crank (catch) - Avalanche, do not do anything, stand idle; Dragging like a muzzle vapor - repeating the same word repeatedly without pausing. Asif goes in an irritable state. Sul-eyman followed him as a fugitive to the bottom of his ear - M. Ibra-himov; If the climber flies, the hearers are a quiet, quiet place. No one is afraid, if you fly, you hear in the room. A boy with a brown eyes was sitting at the corner - S. Rustam.
- fly - noun: double winged insect spread infection of some diseases, fly is not a thing but makes to vomit; Said the crazy: Heyy heady-brave, the flies make me mal. - S.A.Shirvani; to drive out flies - to wonder, not to work anywhere; you can hear while the flies fly - quite, calmly._
LINGOES - has a multilingual electronic dictionary capable of translating into 80 languages. It is both an Android and a PC computer dictionary. In addition to the ability to search for the dictionary, text translation, text printing, sound, CD coping, and other opportunities. The University of Princeton-based dictionaries also incorporates synonyms-antonyms (www.wordnet.princeton.edu). The dictionary provides the description of the word with simple word combinations. But the samples, phrases are not enough here.
The WorldWeb 3.2 - electronic dictionary has a special, private function. When writing a compound
word, the letter is incorrectly replaced, or when you write any character instead of the letter, the dictionary immediately corrects it. Each character has its own index. ? - any unknown letter, * - zero or too few letters, @ - vowels, # - consonants. For example, ctt - cat, cot; * cry - angry, hungry; @ # @ # @ - abate, acute, erode and so on. This electronic dictionary has provided a clear explanation of the word. In the electronic dictionary of the Azerbaijani language there is no second meaning, except for the meaning of flywheel, but there are some idiomatic or phraseological expressions that have been added to that dictionary.
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Table 3.1.
Traditional dictionaries - Comparison Nr 1 Print Dictionaries Samples
Muller V.K English - Russian dictionary Мюллер В.К «Новый Англо-Русский Словарь» издательский дом «Диалог» 892 с. I. fly [flai] - name: 1) fly; fly in the ointment - gather intimate information on intentions; II.fly (flew, flown) - 1.1) feil: fly, fly to aeroplane -fly by plane, fly to fly - fly high; 2) hurry up; 3) abduction, hurry to fly; fly one, s flag - flag your own flag; fly - fly, fly in - air to fly, fly into - angry, fly off - hurry to escape, fly on, on - air blast, fly - round - fly, fly over - jump - name: 2.1); 2) Technique: Complementary eyelash, curtain, wing; III.fly - spoken language 1) flexible; 2) sly
Paul Falla "The Oxford Russian Dictionary", Oxford University Press, Spain, 1997. 1340p ~ spray - fever medication, ~ weight - lightweight (boxing): ~ blown - flying flow, ~ catcher - II. fly - face: at the beginning of the mind: III. fly the country - feil: escape from the country, fly in the face of fortune - fly the Atlantic - fly over the Atlantic Ocean; fly the British flag - Sailing under the British flag. IV. fly - tex. skiff
A.Abbasov., H.Hasanov., M.Guliyev., English-Azerbaijan technical terms vocabulary,Apostrof print house, Baki, 2011, 412p. I. fly - 1. balance dancer; 2. wheel; 3. wing of a wind-operated apparatus; 4. Crankcase; 5. bird hair, feathers. II. fly - fly, manage the plane fly-ash - ash, fly back - reversing, flyer - flyer, fly advanced - the highest pilotage, civil fly - civil, fly-nut -twin wheel, fly-wheel
Google - explains one or two words in a specific, first or fallback sense. The explanation is very simple. The most interesting explanation for this word is the electronic dictionary of Azerbaijani language. There are examples of fiction and the meaning of certain words is explained in more detail /play.google.com/store/ apps / details = hasanaga .azeeng /. For comparison, let's look at some of the traditional vocabularies that explain the principles of the word. Applied dictionaries: The New English-Russian dictionary, which is the 120,000 lexical database published in Moscow in 2000, [8,301]; Oxford dictionary with 180,000 lexical bases published by P.Falla in Spain in 1997 [9, 835]; -Abbasov, H.Hasanov and M. Guliyev's "Dictionary of English-Azerbaijani Technical Terms", written in 2011, with a lexical database of 20,000 words [10, 132-133]. In three traditional and four electronic dictionaries, we looked at various explanations of the word -fly, but none of us have come across phrases such as synonyms (fly, wing, airborne), or antonym in the form of merging. Typically, dictionary designers consider it important to have synonyms and antonyms in the dictionary (www.worldweb.com).
As you can see, in each of the three dictionaries there are different explanations of the word fly. Vocabulary articles include conventional pronunciation words, grammatical meanings, figurative and idiomatic expressions, technical meanings, additional definitions and examples. It is almost the same here that the lexicographer's approach is the same. Simply distinguished feature is the breadth of examples and vocabulary articles. A. Abbasov, H. Hasanov and M.Guliyev's "Dictionary of English-Azerbaijani Technical Terms" does not have the only technical explanation of the word
"fly" and other meanings. The explanations in this dictionary are presented without exemplification. It is important to have examples in the dictionary, so it can be comfortable for the user as the technical field is selected by the complexity and this area is not clear to everyone [10, 131].
Antonyms dictionary of the Azerbaijani language based on H.Hasanov's dictionary, includes the antonyms of man's work, the concepts related to natural phenomena, expressing signs, attributes, quality and state of affairs of time and space [6, 86]. Each antonym is arranged alphabetically in pairs. Antonym's pairings are illustrated by artistic and scientific works and examples from the periodical press.
White and Black - White shirt on the neck, black stain would fall. (H.Huseynzadeh);
Less Than - Our neighbor is small, but we have a lot of zeal (A.Hagverdiyev)
Short - Read - More Short Prayers, Bricks on Earth (A.§aiq);
The manager spoke in detail about the condition of the clinic (A. Valiyev).
Short - Extensive - Lifetime is short, desirable; Who was not shaken with this care? (M. Mushfig).
Ag-Qara Ag koynayin boynuna, qara laka du§ardi. (H. Huseynzada);
Az-^ox Bizim qon§umuz azdir, amma qeyratimiz goxdur (d.Haqverdiyev)
Qisa - dtrafli Oxundu qisa dua, ayildilar torpaga (A.§aiq);
Mudir klinikamn vaziyyatinda atrafli dam§di (d. Valiyev).
Qisa - Geni§ Heyif omur qisa, arzu geni§dir; Kim bu qaygi ila titramami§dir?
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(M.Mwfiq). electronic dictionaries give way to redundancies. Add
It is known that electronic dictionaries are used by to comparisons, we continue our analyses with other based on traditional dictionaries. In this case, some examples.
Comparison Nr 2 www.dil-manc.az/ru/perevod Russian-Azerb aij an Хлеб - isim; gorak, dan, taxil
Oxford Advanced Learner's Dictionary, 8th edition © Oxford University Press, 2010 www.oxfordlearnersdiction-aries.com Bread - undan hazirlanan qida, un, su va qabartma tozu qati§igindan bi§mi§ qida. Novlari: ag/qara/uyudulmami§ Ovulan gorak, fransiz gorayi, zancafilli gorak, Kiminsa gorayin alindan almaq, Qorak dalinca qagmaq, pul qazanmaq, Gundalik gorakpulu, ya§a-maq ugun bir tika gorak qazanmaq 1.a type offood made from flour, water and usually yeast mixed together and baked white/brown/wholemeal bread see also crispbread , French bread , gingerbread 2. ( old-fashioned, slang ) money take the bread out of sb's 'mouth to take away sb's job so that they are no longer able to earn enough money to live more at your daily bread at daily adj. , half a loaf is better than no bread at half det. , know which side your bread is buttered at know v. , the best thing since sliced bread at sliced
www.ru.m.wikipedia.org Russian explanation Хлеб — пищевой продукт, получаемый путём выпечки, паровой обработки или жарки теста, состоящего, как минимум, из муки и воды. Ржаной хлеб — вид хлеба: пищевой продукт, получаемый выпечкой разрыхлённого посредством закваски теста, приготовленного из ржаной муки, воды и соли. Слово хлеб восходит к праславянской форме *х1еЬъ, которая является заимствованием из германского праязыка (герм. *x1aibaz), либо из какого-либо раннегерманского наречия (обычно считается, что из готского языка
www.az.wikipedia.org Azerbaijan explanation Corak — butun xalqlarin sufrasinda qabul edi1mi§ ananavi qida mahsuludur. On azi un va sudan ibarat hazirlanmi§ xamirin bi§irilmasi, bux-ara verilmasi va qizardilmasi ila hazirlanir. Bu xamira gox vaxt duz, birla§dirici maddalar, qicqirdici va bazi gorak novlarina isa gunabaxan, xa§xa§ va ba§qa bitki tumlari da alava edilir. Tumlar gorayin uzarinda bazak kimi da istifada edila bilar. Qorayin tarixi ba§ariyyatin yarandigi gundan ba§layir. Azarbaycanda muxtalif gorak novlari bi§irilir: tandir gorayi, lava§ (yuxa, yayma), fatir, nazik, qalin, kata, mayasiz gorak (cir gorak) - xorakli gorayi, bayim gorayi, qoz gorayi, badam gorayi va s.
www.promt.ru Russian - English Хлеб - noun: bred, crops: He eats bred for breakfast. White loaf, vitamin-enriched bred, dehydrated bred, finished bred, homemade-bred
Electronic Azerbaijani explanation dictionary https://azerdict.com/izahli Corak - isim: undan bi§irilan qida mahsulu. Bugda gorayi. Ag gorak (bugda unundan bi§irilan gorak). Qara gorak (qaraba§aq unundan bi§irilan gorak). - Mirzanin zamaninda bazarda ucuzluq idi; yax§i qoyun atinin girvankasi dord qapik, yagin pudu dord manat, gorayin girvankasi iki qapik idi. (O.Haqverdiyev) Macazi manada; gorak kasmak - dost qazanmaq, yolda§liq etmak. Qorayi dizinin ustunda olmaq - nankor olmaq, yax§iliq itiran adam haqqinda.
Azerbaijan-English e-dic-tionary https://azerdict.com Corak - isim: bread-gorak; brown-bread - qara gorak, white bred - ag gorak, home-made-bread-boyat gorak, stale bread - taza gorak, daily bread -gundalik gorak; idiomatik ifada - to take the bread out of smb's mouth -kiminsa gorayin alindan almaq; sifat: bakers shop - gorak dukani, bread ticket - gorak talonu, mechanical baking - gorak zavodu.
AZ-EN e-dictionary Corak -isim: bread - gorak, barakat
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We have been familiar with various electronic dictionaries by explaining the above "bread". Each of these electronic dictionaries has a unique approach to that word. The most comprehensive explanatory vi-kipedian dictionaries //www.ru.mwikipedia.org Russian-Russian explanatory //, www.az. wikipedia. org //, they tried to explain bread to the bread as a symbol and offered more types of food in different cuisines. Others have given general, repetitive, phrazeological, idiomatic, and figurative explanations. The simplest explanation is Dilmanc and AZ-EN electronic dictionaries, just like the type of bread. From the examples above, it can be concluded that the interpretation principles in different electronic dictionaries are different. In some electronic dictionaries, words are explained in more figurative, idiomatic, and phraseological combinations.
At present, electronic dictionaries are not the same as the one they are, and they need further improvement and development. Representatives of elderly generations hardly accept these dictionaries, but the electronic vocabulary should be prepared so that it is accepted by everyone. There are many shortcomings in the preparation of electronic dictionaries, and we have already mentioned it. Sometimes, when compiling a dictionary, the software developer makes abbreviations, which means that the author does not give the word exactly as
it is presented, or sometimes due to technical malfunction. If these or other irregularities are eliminated, electronic dictionaries will be even more perfect.
References:
1. Akhundov А.А. General Linguistics. Baku, East-West, 2011, 278 p.
2. Veyselli F.Y. Fundamentals of linguistics. Baku, Translator, 2013, 420 p.
3. Kazimov G.Sh. Modern Azerbaijan language. Syntax. Baku, Aspoliqraf LTD, 2004, 496 p.
4.Amosova N.N. Etymological bases of the modern English language. M. Literature in foreign languages, 1956, 218 p.
5. Veyselli F.Y. Fundamentals of Structural Linguistics: Volume 3, Volume II, Baku, 2008, 307 p.
6. The Encyclopedia of Linguistics: Volume 2, (course materials) prof. With the revision of F.Y. Veysalli. Baku, Translator, 2006, 528 p.
7. Adilov M.I, Verdiyeva Z., Agayeva F. M. Explained terms of linguistics. Baku, Maarif, 1989, 358 p.
8. Muller V.K. Новый English-Russian dictionary. Publishing House - Dialog, 892p.
9. Falla P. The oxford russian dictionary. Oxford University Press, Spain, 1997, 1340p.
UDC 81'42:004.77
Ahmadova Elnara Huseynaga PH-D student of Baku State University DOI: 10.24412/2520-6990-2022-4127-69-74 LINGUISTICAL ANALYSIS OF FORMED TOPONYMS IN ACCORDANCE WITH GUBADLI'S
PHONETIC CHANGES
Abstract:
Systematic study of phonetic events appearing in the composition of toponyms in a definite historical period and situation is more importantfor the linguistic analysis of toponyms. Appearing of various sound changes in the phonetic structure is characteristic of toponyms. Linguistic analysis of some in the scientific article Gubadli top-onyms reflected and their comparison with modern variants leads to the conclusion that various phonetic changes, mainly sound substitutions, took place in these names. Typically, such phonetic changes in words occur as a result of the distortion of definite words for easy and pure pronunciation in the speech process and the interaction, connection and relationship of sounds to each other in accordance with the requirements of speech in the word structure.
Such cases are also observed in toponyms. In the formation of geographical names, mainly falling vowels or consonants, adding vowels or consonants, sound substitutions formed by the transition of sounds in a close denominator to each other play an important role. Such phonetic events affect the lexical and grammatical structure of toponyms, and even take it away from its previous meaning. In this case, the meaning of the word becomes incomprehensible as a conclusion it is difficult to reveal the semantics of the toponym, to explain its etymology.
All of the above-mentioned cases are also reflected in Gubadli's Ayin, Khallava, Khidirli, Khojamsakhli, Kavdadig, Gadili, Mahrizli, Tarovlu, Zor toponyms. The article clarifies the phonetic events that led to the historical formation of these toponyms.
Keywords: Gubadli, toponym, oykonim, Ayin, Khallava, Khidirli, Khojamsakhli, Kavdadig, Gadili, Mahrizli, Tarovlu, Zor
Toponyms are based on the laws of language like other lexical units in terms of their origin and formation and the models that exist in the language. When studying the ways of formation of words related to the vocabulary of our language, including onomastic units and toponyms with special capacity in onomastic lexi-
con, derivatological possibilities of both the Azerbaijani language and other the Turkish languages related to this language are taken into consideration. According to A.V. Superanskaya, any geographical names cannot come by chance. The main factors determine their existences are the active word-formation models
