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УДК 330.59(100)
Тивья Таршини Раджан, студентка международного медицинского института Курского государственного медицинского университета, Курск, Россия
email: [email protected]
ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКАЯ ГЛОБАЛИЗАЦИЯ: НЕГАТИВНЫЕ И ПОЗИТИВНЫЕ
ТЕНДЕНЦИИ
Аннотация: глобализация объединяет страны мира в единую глобальную систему. Товары, которые раньше были доступны только в западных странах, теперь доступны везде. Мировая экономика все больше и больше интегрируется в результате глобализации.
Ключевые слова: глобализация, развитые страны
Tivya Tharshini Rajan, student of the International Medical Institute, Kursk State Medical University, Kursk, Russia email: [email protected]
ECONOMIC GLOBALIZATION: NEGATIVE AND POSITIVE LINES.
Abstract: globalization refers to all of the efforts made to unite countries into a single global system. Products that were formerly solely available in western nations are now available everywhere. The economy of the world is integrating more and more as a result of globalization.
Key words: globalization, developed countries
The meaning of globalization is the ceaseless course of coordinating provincial economies, civic establishments, and societies through an organization of correspondence and exchange that traverses the whole planet. Fast mechanical headways that empower overall correspondences, political changes like the fall of socialism, and progressions in transportation that work with speedier and more regular travel are all important for the course of globalization. These offer organizations more chances for development through the kickoff of new business sectors, license more prominent client harmonization because of an expansion in social qualities that are in like manner, and give them an upper hand through lower working expenses abroad and admittance to new natural substances, assets, and venture open doors [1].
A fourth area of worldwide movement with respect to cash has advanced and supported globalization through worldwide interchanges, worldwide business sectors, and worldwide assembling. The American dollar, the Japanese yen, the euro, and other critical public monetary standards, for example, are broadly utilized over the world. They can travel electronically and via air in the blink of an eye, and they are used wherever on The planet. Most of bankcards can pull out cash in nearby money from the huge number of ATMs found everywhere. In basically every country on the planet, Mastercards like Visa, MasterCard, and American Express can be utilized for installments.
Individuals can traverse countries, exchange obstructions are being lifted, nearby business sectors are turning out to be more open to worldwide speculation, broadcast communications are turning out to be more evolved, and development driving countries are offering their innovations to less-high level countries [2].
In industrialized countries, globalization makes both positive and adverse consequences. Training, exchange, innovation, rivalry, speculations and capital streams, work, culture, and hierarchical construction are only a couple of the positive results. It would be fairly challenging to examine the degree of the up-sides that globalization has had on the world at large. Yet at the same time, here are a portion of
the constructive outcomes of globalization and the positive effects they have had on such countless segment sections of society [5].
The Global Market, the privatization of state-claimed ventures has prompted the improvement of most of fostered countries' effective developing business sectors. A significant number of these enterprises are putting forth attempts to differentiate and expand their worth chains globally with an end goal to increment shopper interest. The unexpected ascent in cross-line exchanges is an indication of what globalization has meant for business the board. Organizations are proceeding to grow an extensive variety of their impression to safeguard yields and keep up with seriousness in light of the fact that doing so brings down expenses and advantages from economies of scale.
Globalization has prompted the development of worldwide enterprises. They have an urgent impact during the time spent globalization, as shown by inflows of unfamiliar direct venture around the world. On account of size limitations welcomed on by their fixations inside Europe's western economies, they should venture into new geographic regions where they will confront extraordinary rivalry. They will do this to extend their market and advantage from economies of scale as globalization makes it feasible for reality to be packed. This will likewise assist them with rivaling different economies for financial backers [4].
Cross-cultural management, since they are every now and again the main individuals in many regions of the planet with adequate abundance to buy the majority of the products presented in the worldwide commercial center, globalization will in general be the space of the first class. In a westernized climate, exceptionally taught and rich people from different foundations connect. The first class much of the time takes on western styles of items and conduct with an end goal to intrigue others since they are images of riches and influence. Present day global business is vigorously impacted by Western culture, ways of behaving, and dialects.Since they are every now and again the main individuals in many regions of the planet with adequate abundance to buy most of the merchandise presented in the worldwide commercial center, globalization will in general be the space of the first class. In a westernized climate,
profoundly taught and well off people from different foundations communicate. The tip top regularly embraces western styles of items and conduct with an end goal to intrigue others since they are images of riches and influence. Current global business is vigorously impacted by Western culture, ways of behaving, and dialects. The US seems to affect various different countries and social orders. The present world is impacted by major areas of strength for a culture. Different countries, societies, and social orders are unavoidably and perseveringly being changed by the well known customer culture of the financially prevailing West. Moreover, such a perspective suggests that broad communications, mechanical headway, and buyer centered promoting drives team up to redo all that they contact in their own picture. The social dispersion achieved by globalization changes even perspectives and thoughts regarding society, religion, and innovation. As a delineation, McDonald's in America represents fast, reasonable, and helpful food, however not all over the place. With regards to societies, it costs a great deal in different countries like China and Russia [3].
Foreign Trade, unfamiliar exchange has developed and created because of globalization. Things that were recently limited to created countries are currently accessible in different countries around the world. These days, individuals can buy anything they need from any country. This permits created countries to send out their items to different countries. Through global exchange, countries lead business by bringing in and trading products all over the planet. The sending out countries benefit from near benefits. To guarantee fair exchange, associations have been laid out determined to manage and controlling worldwide exchange exercises. World exchange associations have developed into a powerful global power that can successfully convince individual states to comply with intellectual property regulations, economic deals, and strategies in regards to sponsorships, charges, and levies.The quantity of nations that depend intensely on exchange, unfamiliar venture, and global monetary business sectors has altogether expanded. Exchange uncovered countries benefit from near advantage. The post-Ricardian exchange speculations anticipated that specialization work and capital-concentrated merchandise would wipe out critical pay
inconsistencies among creating and created countries, in this way keeping the last option from being overwhelmed by work movement [4].
Resource imperative., while emerging nations require the capital, innovation, and human resources of the more evolved countries, created nations rely upon the normal and HR of non-industrial countries. The economies of created nations are turning out to be an ever increasing number of dependent on the normal assets and human resources of agricultural nations. Regular asset consumption and overpopulation have caused a developing reliance among nations and their exercises on each other.
Foreign investment, the progression of unfamiliar capital is one of the clearest benefits of globalization in India. Numerous organizations have begun creation offices in India as immediate ventures, yet we likewise need to take a gander at how much unfamiliar speculation that enters emerging countries. Indian organizations that have been effective both locally and abroad will draw a ton of unfamiliar venture, which expands the country's accessible unfamiliar trade saves. This is one more advantage of globalization for the US and other created countries since putting resources into agricultural countries seems well for them. In certain conditions, the objectives of directors and investors may not be something very similar. The more confounded a company is, the harder it is for investors to monitor the executives' choices, giving chiefs more freedom to act against investors' inclinations. Public firms are less complicated than global companies. Global enhancement might be leaned toward by supervisors since it brings down firm-explicit gamble or lifts their standing. Investors may not be especially inspired by these goals. This irreconcilable circumstance among investors and supervisors could bring down the worth of worldwide companies in contrast with homegrown organizations [5].
Competition, the expanded item quality welcomed on by worldwide contest is one of the beneficial outcomes of globalization that is generally self-evident. The nature of labor and products has expanded because of client care and "client is top dog" creation procedures. Organizations inside the nation are compelled to increase their
expectations and levels of consumer loyalty to go up against unfamiliar firms on the lookout. Furthermore, when a worldwide brand enters another country, it does as such on a rush of generosity that it should keep up with. Subsequently, there is market contest and a battle for natural selection.
There are numerous ways that globalization has further developed culture. Not all moral ways of behaving started in a solitary progress. The combination of different societies has made the world we live in today. Assuming they are receptive, individuals of one culture frequently perceive the weaknesses of their own and embrace the more current or right practices. As social orders have embraced individuals from various societies and foundations and fostered a completely new culture of their own, they have become bigger. Globalization is to be faulted for the spread of cooking strategies, dialects, and customs. The equivalent can be said for melodic kinds, motion pictures, and different types of craftsmanship. They also have moved starting with one country then onto the next, affecting the way of life there [1].
Legal effects, common liberties infringement are turning out to be all the more well known thanks to expanded media consideration. Basic freedoms are worked on subsequently. Worldwide monetary development doesn't necessarily in all cases bring about more joyful individuals; streamlined commerce ought to safeguard the climate and advantage individuals also, not simply chiefs and investors. Disparities should be addressed by the individuals who need to be certified pioneers. The advancement of transparency, data, and trade with expanded majority rules system and success ought to be one of the objectives of globalization. The days when the restricted ward made it challenging to arraign hoodlums are a distant memory. Nowadays, on account of worldwide courtrooms, hoodlums can't look for shelter in that frame of mind; all things considered, they will be dealt with. Because of globalization, there is likewise understanding between the police and security administrations of at least two unique countries to cooperate to battle worldwide psychological oppression. Hence, it is currently conceivable to secure hoodlums regardless of which country they decide to escape to. Beyond a shadow of a doubt, this is one of the main benefits of globalization
for society.The created nations are likewise impacted adversely by globalization. These incorporate things like the instability of business, cost changes, illegal intimidation, cash vacillations, capital streams, etc.
Job insecurity, individuals in created countries experience work uncertainty. Occupations are being lost by individuals. Middle class and blue collar positions have been rethought by evolved nations. That implies less positions for the nearby populace. This is because of the reevaluating of blue collar positions to countries with lower work expenses and assembling costs than their own. China and India are two instances of non-industrial countries where they have reevaluated. Most of individuals have lost their positions due to moving to more affordable nations like India, including bookkeepers, software engineers, editors, and researchers. Work double-dealing is a consequence of globalization. To deliver reasonable products, wellbeing principles are ignored [3].
Fluctuation in prices, value variety is a consequence of globalization. In light of expanded rivalry, created countries are being compelled to decrease the costs they charge for their products since merchandise delivered in different countries, like China, can be bought for less cash than those delivered in created countries. Hence, created countries are constrained to bring down the costs of their merchandise to keep their clients. They experience the ill effects of this since it makes it harder for their countries to keep up with social government assistance.
Reference
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