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3EFFECTIVENESS OF USING X-RAY CONTRAST AGENTS FOR OPTICAL CLEARING SKIN
MAXIM STEPANOV1, YURI SURKOV1, POLINA TIMOSHINA1,2, AND VALERY TUCHIN1,2,3
1Saratov State University, Russia;
2Tomsk State University, Russia; 3Institute of Precision Mechanics and control RAS, Russia 3Institute of Precision Mechanics and Control Science, Russia [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The relevance of the topic is due to the fact that optical methods of research, diagnostics and treatments of biological tissues are becoming increasingly common in practical activities and in science, and therefore the importance research on the effectiveness of optical antireflection agents, including number of X-ray contrast agents is constantly growing.
The presented final qualifying work was completed at based on the analysis of scientific literature carried out by the author and results of our own experiment conducted under the guidance scientific supervisor. The purpose of the study conducted within final qualifying work was a study of effectiveness. In within the framework of this work, a number of experiments were carried out for the first time on studying the effectiveness of optical clearing agents on a male paw outbred laboratory mouse; a comparative analysis was carried out brightening properties of X-ray contrast agents: Visipaque-270®, 0mnipaque-300®, Accupaque-300®, Three-component OCA (Omnipaque-300®+PG+DMC0). To study the effectiveness of using radiopaque agents Visipaque-270® solutions were used to reduce skin dispersion (GE Healthcare, USA), Omnipaque-300® (GE Healthcare, USA), Accupaque-300® (GE Healthcare, USA), as well as a three-component solution Omnipaque-300®(54%) + PG(36%) + DMSO(10%) (10%)DMSO (10%).
Figure 1: Experimental OCT setup.
The OCT image of the studied area of the paw skin of a laboratory mouse with an area of about 5 mm2 was recorded without a warning using a spectral optical coherence tomograph GAN930V2-BU (Thorlabs, USA) operating at a central wavelength of 930 nm. 100 |l of OCA was applied to the skin area under study (using an applicator), waiting for 1 minute. The soaked applicator was removed, the OCT image was registered. The applicator was returned to the test area of the skin, waiting for 5 minutes. The soaked applicator was removed and OCT images were recorded. Repeated 2 more times with a difference of 5 minutes, only 15 minutes
Figure 2: Scheme of operation of the program for reconstruction of the attenuation coefficient of
the OCT signal.
The scheme of operation of the program for reconstruction of the attenuation coefficient of the OCT signal with a depth resolution is presented. This program creates a reconstructed OCT image, after which aligns it horizontally in order to highlight a certain area of the image to obtain an average depth profile. For a complete analysis, all the results obtained were transferred to the Origin program, where deep profiles of the OCT signal attenuation coefficient were built at various time intervals.
Visipaque-270® 0mnipaque-300® Accupaque-300® 0mnipaque-300®+PG+DMC0
■ Visipaque-270® H 0mpipaque-300® H Accupaque-300®
I 0mnipaque-300®+PG+DMC0
O o" O =
(D Ç
° §
o ro
^ i n §
<D b & O
<D
a)
■ Visipaque-270® H 0mnipaque-300® B Accupaque-300®
I 0mnipaque-300®+PG+DMC0
b)
■ Visipaque-270® H 0mpipaque-300® B Accupaque-300®
I 0mnipaque-300®+PG+DMC0
O ® O J5
0 CO
i E
c) d)
Figure 3: (a) The value of the coefficient at different points in time of exposure to the agent (epidermis)- (b) The coefficient value at different time points of the agent exposure is normalized to the initial value (epidermis)- (c) The value of the coefficient at different points in time of exposure to the agent (dermis)- (d) The coefficient value at different time points of the agent's exposure is normalized to the initial value (dermis)
Time, min
Time, min
Time, min
Time, min
The most effective agent was the 3-component Omnipaque-300® + PG + DMSO, which showed a decrease in the attenuation coefficient in the epidermis and dermis by almost 20% and 15%, respectively. It can be safely assumed that the biotissue permeability enhancers in the composition with the radiopaque OPA contribute to the enhancement of the effect of light passage into the depth of the object under study, in our case, a skin area from the paw of a laboratory mongrel male mouse. Visipaque-270® showed good results in the first minutes of the studies. The graphs presented above show how the attenuation coefficient in the epidermis decreased by approximately 30% after 1 minute. But it is worth assuming that later, due to the rapid drying of the agent, a "film" was formed, which created a reflection on the scans, due to which we clearly see an increase in the attenuation coefficient after 15 minutes of research. In the dermis, the decrease in the attenuation coefficient by the 10th minute was only 10%. Acupacue-300 showed good results in the epidermis, reducing the attenuation coefficient by 20% in the first minutes of the study and by 20% after 15 minutes. In the dermis, the reduction was approximately 10-12%. Omnipaque-270 was not the most effective, but preliminary results showed that it is one of the most stable agents. The result of reducing the attenuation coefficient of the OCT signal was approximately 10% in the epidermis and 2-5% in the dermis.
Figure 4 shows the obtained OCT images and the corresponding reconstructed images of the OCT signal attenuation coefficient at different points in time when applying different OPAs. A decrease in the OCT signal attenuation coefficient in the upper layers of the skin can be seen over time for all the OCAs used.
Figure 4. OCT images and corresponding reconstructed images of the OCT signal attenuation coefficient at different points in time during application of a solution of Visipaque® and Omnipaque-300®, DMSO and PG.
Figure 5 shows reconstructed |OCT images with marked regions of interest (ROI) during application of different OCAs at different time points. For example, 5 minutes after topical application of the Visipaque® solution, the effect of optical clearing of the upper skin layers is
observed. With a further increase in the exposure time of the Visipaque® solution, optical clearing of the deeper skin layers is observed. This pattern is observed for all presented OCAs.
Figure 5 - Images of the reconstructed OCT signal attenuation coefficient of the skin of laboratory mice with marked regions of interest (ROI) at different time points during the application of a solution of Visipaque® and Omnipaque-300®, DMSO and PG.
The applied attenuation coefficient reconstruction techniques and OCT imaging revealed dynamic changes in the optical transparency of the skin in response to the application of various OCAs. Such image enhancement opens up new possibilities for diagnostics and evaluation of the effectiveness of therapeutic procedures aimed at treating various skin diseases. Further study of the interaction of OCAs with various types of biological tissues and their influence on the parameters of OCT images promises new discoveries in understanding the complex structure of the skin and the mechanisms of its changes in different conditions, which contributes to the improvement of practical skills and the quality of clinical work in the field of dermatology and cosmetology.
References
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