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Tashbaev Sherzodbek Abdurasulovich, Junior researcher Institute of Microbiology Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences E-mail: [email protected] Makhsumkhanov Akhmadjan Azamkhanovich, Senior researcher Institute of Microbiology Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Alimova Barno Khasanova, Senior researcher Institute of Microbiology Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences Pulatova Ozodakhon Mansurovna, Senior researcher Institute of Microbiology Uzbekistan Academy of Sciences
EFFECT OF METHANOGENESIS-BASED ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE WHEAT RHIZOSPHERIC MICROSCOPIC FLORA
Abstract: Low doses of the methanogenesis-based organic fertilizer derived from the farm chicken's manure turned out to stimulate growth ofvarious physiological groups of microorganisms in the wheat rhizospheric soil. Of note, as compared with the treatment of the soil with the combined organic-inorganic fertilizer, treatment with low doses of the organic fertilizer resulted in increase of the microorganisms above. The majority of the spore-forming bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil were established to exist as the vegetative cells. Keywords: farm chicken's manure, microorganisms, organic fertilizer, wheat.
Introduction fertilizer obtained by means of anaerobic fermentation at
Any country's food, economic and national security at 55 °C with subsequent dehydration. Laboratory experi-large, to a great extent, depends on its farmlands' conditions ments demonstrated that low doses of the organic fertilizer
and fertility [1]. Inorganic and organic fertilizers are essentially different in their effect on a soil's carbon mineralizing activity. Mobilizing hard mineralizable components of the soil organic matters, an inorganic fertilizer failed to stimulate the soil's mineralization. In contrast, the organic fertilizers increased actual carbon mineralizing activity of gray forest soil. Provided with an active organic matter, the soils treated with a mixed organic-inorganic system took an intermediate position [2]. The soil's microbiological activity is the key factor for growth of a root system, which in its turn produces significant effect on the accumulation of microorganisms in the soil. Today, the issue of an effect produced by an organic fertilizer based upon chicken manure's fermentation on microbial flora of a crop's root systems remains explored insufficiently.
The work was initiated to study dynamics of a growth of rhizospheric microorganisms of the wheat under the effect of various doses of the organic fertilizer, obtained by anaerobic fermentation of the farm chicken's manure, and the inorganic fertilizer in a sierozemic soil in a laboratory setting.
Materials and methods
Previously, we presented mineral and organic compositions of the dehydrated farm chicken manure's based organic
(0.2 ton/hectare or 0.5 ton/hectare) stimulated growth and progress of the wheat blades and rhizosphere [3].
The dynamics of the wheat rhizospehric microorganisms was observed in pots containing 1 kg of a sierozemic soil (fourthly) taken from a pilot section of Institute of Microbiology, Uzbek Academy of Sciences. Below are various doses of the fertilizers in sequence, to name, sample 1 (a control without any fertilizer), sample 2 with the organic fertilizer's (OF) dose of 0.2 ton/hectare, sample 3 with the OF dose of 0.5 ton/hectare, sample 4 with the OF dose of 1 ton/hectare, sample 5 with the OF dose of 0.2 ton/hectare +nitrogen + phosphorus+ +potassium (30% NPP mix), sample 6 with the OF dose of 0.5 ton/hectare + 30% NPP mix, sample 7 with the OF dose of 1 ton/hectare+30% NPP mix, and sample 8 with the dose of 20 ton/hectare of the dehydrated cattle's manure.
To determine total numbers of ammonifying bacteria in the rhizospheric soil of the wheat, meat-and-peptone agar was used; spore ammonifiers were studied in a medium consisting of equal parts of meat-and peptone agar and wort agar. To measure amounts of actinomyces, starch-and-ammonia agar was used. The numbers of microfungi were studied in Czapek's medium [4; 5].
EFFECT OF METHANOGENESIS-BASED ORGANIC FERTILIZER ON THE WHEAT RHIZOSPHERIC MICROSCOPIC FLORA
Results
Our study on the total numbers of ammonifying bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil demonstrated that in 20 days after treatment with low doses of organic fertilizers, such as 0.2, 0.5 and 1 ton/hectare (samples 2, 3 and 4, respectively) total numbers of bacteria as compared to the control were respectively 2.2, 2.31 and 2.1 times higher (Table 1). Simultaneous treatment with organic and inorganic fertilizers (0.2 ton/hectare of OF + 30%NPP, 0.5 ton/hectare of OF + 30%NPP and 1 ton/hectare of 0F+30%NPP) (samples, 5, 6 and 7, respectively) resulted in higher growth of the ammonifying bacteria in the wheat rhizopsheric soil in 20 days.
As compared to the control, amounts of microorganisms in samples 5, 6 and 7 in meat-and-peptone agar were 3.3, 4.4 and 3.4 times higher to be 7.3 x 106, 9.6 x 106 and 7.9 x x 106 cells/g, respectively. In 40 days bacterial activity turned out to intensify after treatment with 0.2 and 0.5 ton/hectare of organic fertilizer (samples 2 and 3) to be 6.9 x 106 and 7.4 x x 106 cells/g, respectively. The combined treatment with the organic and inorganic fertilizers in 40 days resulted in a decline of total amounts of ammonifying bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil, as compared with both control and experimental samples treated with 0.2, 0.5 and 1 ton/hectare of the organic fertilizer. Minimum ammonifying bacteria (1.1 x 106 cells/g) were found in the soil treated with 1 ton/hectare of the organic fertilizer +30%NPP in 40 days.
Our study demonstrated that spore-forming forms of ammonifying bacteria accounted for 40% in the wheat rhizospheric soil within 40 days of the experiment (Table 1). Low doses of the organic fertilizers, such as 0.2 and 0.5 ton/hectare (samples 2 and 3, respectively), and the combined treatment with the organic and inorganic fertilizers turned out
to stimulate both growth of the nonspore-forming bacteria and development of vegetative cells of spore-forming ones. The ratio of total numbers of ammonifying bacteria and their
endospores upon treatment of the soil with the OF doses of 0.2 and 0.5 ton/hectare (samples 2 and 3, respectively) was established to be the minimum one, as compared to other doses. The treatment of the soil with the OF low doses (0.2 and 0.5 ton/hectare) appeared to stimulate growth of nonspore-forming ammonifying bacteria; the majority of spore-forming bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil is thought to exist as the vegetative cells. The dehydrated cattle's manure in the dose of 20 ton/hectare served as the second control (sample 8). Our study demonstrated that, as compared with the first control, in 20 days after treatment, total numbers of ammonifying bacteria increased by 4.4 times. However, in 40 days total numbers of ammonifying bacteria in samples 8 and 2 was 7.2 x 106 cells/g. In 40 days, the ratio of total numbers of bacteria and their endospores in samples 8 and 2 was 27% demonstrating prevalence of spore-forming bacteria in sample 8. While in sample 2 the bulk of ammonifying bacteria turned out to be nonspore-forming; the majority of the spore-forming bacteria existed as the vegetative cells (the ratio of total numbers of bacteria and their endospores was 2.08%). Our study demonstrated that low doses of the organic fertilizer contribute to growth both of spore-forming heterotrophic bacteria and their nonspore-forming forms.
The increase in actinomyces in the wheat rhizospheric soil was established to parallel a decline in microscopic fungi.
Conclusion
Thus, low doses of the methanogenesis-based organic fertilizer derived from the farm chicken's manure turned out to stimulate growth of various physiological groups of microorganisms in the wheat rhizospheric soil. Of note, as compared with the treatment of the soil with the combined organic-inorganic fertilizer, treatment with low doses of the organic fertilizer resulted in increase of the microorganisms above. The majority of the spore-forming bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil were established to exist as the vegetative cells.
Table 1. - Dynamics of ammonifying bacteria in the wheat rhizospheric soil
No. Composition Total number of bacteria, mln/ha Number of endospores, mln/ha Total number of bacteria/ endo-spores ratio,%
Initial In 20 days In 40 days Initial In 20 days In 40 days Initial In 20 days In 40 days
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
1 Control 2.10±0.08 2.2±0.05 3.0±0.15 0.76±0.03 0.83±0.03 1.20±0.06 36.2±0.21 37.7±0.21 40.0±0.20
2 0.2 ton/ha OF 2.10±0.08 4.9±0.12 7.2±0.24 0.76±0.03 0.21±0.01 0.15±0.007 36.2±0.21 4.2±0.21 2.08±0.1
3 0.5 ton/ha OF 2.10±0.08 5.1±0.23 6.9±0.21 0.76±0.03 0.20±0.01 0.21±0.01 36.2±0.23 3.9±0.10 3.04±0.15
4 1 ton/ha OF 2.10±0.08 4.7±0.14 3.9±0.17 0.76±0.03 0.23±0.01 0.14±0.004 36.2±0.24 4.8±0.21 3.6±0.17
5 0.2 ton/ha OF +30% NPP 2.10±0.08 7.3±0.25 1.3±0.04 0.76±0.03 0.34±0.01 0.08±0.003 36.2±0.21 4.6±0.22 4.0±0.2
6 0.5 ton/ha OF +30% NPP 2.10±0.08 9.6±0.25 1.5±0.05 0.76±0.03 0.47±0.02 0.07±0.002 36.2±0.25 4.8±0.23 4.6±0.21
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
7 1 ton/ha OF +30% NPP 2.10±0.08 7.9±0.20 1.1±0.02 0.76±0.03 0.41±0.02 0.68±0.03 36.2±0.23 5.1±0.21 6.18±0.21
8 Dehydrated cattle's manure 20 ton/ha 2.10±0.08 9.7±0.21 7.2±0.24 0.76±0.03 0.29±0.01 0.20±0.01 36.2±0.22 29.0±0.25 27.0±0.22
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