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Here you can draw an analogy with nature itself, which combines all kinds of animal and plant life. A constant struggle of opposites, "competition" of species and natural phenomena only increase its vitality and beauty of the world.
The task of machine builders in this regard is the formation of such systems of machines that satisfy the needs of enterprises of various capacities and, thereby, stimulate their harmonious development in the structure of the national economy.
At the same time, it is important to ensure optimization of the parametric series of equipment using appropriate software and methodological complexes and mathematical models, the methodology of block-modular construction of machines and equipment, and other intelligent means of creating new technology.
References
1. Елисеев А.Ф. Межпредметные связи между общеобразовательными и специальными предметами / А.Ф. Елисеев. Киев: Высшая школа, 1978. 95 с.
2. Шабанов Г.И. Методическая система обучения общетехническим-дисциплинам на основе комплексной информационно-образовательной базы при подготовке инженерных кадров: дис. д-ра пед. наук: 13.00.02 / Г.И. Шабанов. М., 2005. 462 с.
EDUCATION OF ECOLOGICAL CULTURE IN STUDENTS
Kamalova F.R.
Kamalova Firuza Rakhmatovna - Teacher, DEPARTMENT OF INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY, BUKHARA ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article discusses the problems of environmental education of students, since a specialist with higher education in any field of activity should have an ecological culture. Keywords: ecological culture, education, pedagogical environment, information opportunities.
Of particular importance is the process of forming an environmental culture during higher education. For whatever activity the specialist is trained, he must have an environmental ethics and environmental culture. And if the transfer of knowledge, skills and abilities is the task of specialists, then the formation of an attitude to nature, goals and motives for interacting with it, and the readiness to choose environmentally appropriate strategies for activities is the task of all teachers. Therefore, the greening of education is considered as an important modern trend in educational systems. It provides for the implementation of the principles of continuity, integration, interdisciplinary feature and problem-solving.
It is within the walls of the University that students get involved in research and creative search for solutions to problems in the field of the environment. Educational and research activities of students ensure the formation of all components of environmental culture. Therefore, one of the pedagogical conditions promoting increase of ecological culture of students, will encourage multidisciplinary scientific research with an environmental focus, as well as holding events and environmental operations.
Undoubtedly, an additional pedagogical condition for improving the ecological culture of students will be the creation of an ecological educational environment in the University campus. It is the pedagogical environment that has a great influence on the behavior of the individual, i.e. on the manifestation of not only internal, but also external environmental
culture. An ecologically friendly pedagogical environment is a condition and means of forming an eco-friendly personality.
Another condition for the formation of environmental culture of students is to increase the environmental culture of teachers, which involves, first of all, the development of abilities and skills to integrate the teaching process with ecological awareness. High environmental culture should become an important qualification criterion for a University teacher in the near future.
Let's try to determine the main directions for environmental education of students:
- formation of a specialist's modern scientific Outlook, including an assessment of possible adverse consequences of anthropogenic activities for the biosphere and humanity;
- training of scientific and scientific-pedagogical personnel in the field of ecology and environmental management, organizers and future managers of all levels of environmental education in educational institutions;
- formation of a broad infrastructure and information support for environmental education of the population with the participation of universities;
- understanding the need for personal, concrete participation in practical environmental activities and their effective implementation;
- understanding of technical, economic, organizational, informational opportunities and ways to solve environmental problems.
Now we will allocate the means to achieve a proper level of environmental education for students:
- involvement of students in specific environmental activities through the organization of industrial field and socio-political practices, environmental student groups;
- expanding the practice of organizing creative student groups to solve problems of rational use of natural resources and environmental education;
- implementation of special environmental practices within the framework of pedagogical practice in children's health camps and other extracurricular forms to study the environmental situation of the area, search for and implement solutions to stabilize and improve it;
- assistance to students at their place of residence in organizing environmental events;
- inclusion of topics related to ecology and environmental protection in the Cathedral research plans, and involvement of students in the implementation of these works;
- implementation of comprehensive plans for continuous environmental training of students, including environmental practices, in the educational process;
- creation and strengthening of the material base for professional training of specialists in higher educational institutions.
So, in order to form an environmentally active personality of a future specialist, it is necessary to more actively develop the orientation of higher education on interdisciplinary cooperation of knowledge and on improving the quality of environmental training of graduates.
Let's highlight the criteria of ecological culture of students:
- have fundamental environmental knowledge and understanding, as well as skills to interact with natural objects;
- formation of a system of beliefs and values that characterize the attitude of the individual to nature;
- performing scientific research on environmental issues;
- understanding the responsibility of the future specialist for the results of their professional activities in connection with the preservation of harmonious relations in the system nature-man - society;
- practical orientation of existing environmental knowledge and beliefs;
- constant need to communicate with nature.
We can only speak of a high ecological culture if all or most of the proposed indicators are available at the same time as possible for each individual.
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Thus, we see that the education of ecological culture among students of higher educational institutions is very important and significant at the moment, since by educating students in an environmentally friendly way, we educate the entire society in an environmentally friendly way.
References
1. Protasov V.F. Ecological basics of nature management: textbook. allowance for use in the textbook. the process of educational institutions implementing medium programs. prof. education / V.F. Protasov; Fed. Institute of Educational Development. M.: Alpha-M; INFRA-M, 2014. 302 p.
2. Redina M.M. Rationing and reduction of environmental pollution: a textbook for bachelors / M.M. Redina, A.P. Haustov; UMO sup. Education; Russian University of Friendship of Peoples. M.: Yurayt, 2014. 431 p.
3. Ecology: textbook. allowance for bachelors / under total. ed. A.V. Totaya; M-in education and science of the Russian Federation. 3rd ed., Rev. and add. M.: Yurayt, 2013. 411 p.
РАЗВИТИЕ РЕЧИ У ДЕТЕЙ Хамраева Н.А.
Хамраева Нигора Абдуллаевна - учитель, кафедра дошкольного образования, Бухарский государственный университет, г. Бухара, Республика Узбекистан
Аннотация: в статье анализируются понятия методов и средств, используемых в процессе развития детской речи.
Ключевые слова: речевые навыки, методика, эмоциональная речь, устная речь, письменная речь.
Закон Республики Узбекистан об образовании широко применяется. Благодаря независимости стране была предоставлена широкая возможность для проведения глубоких и независимых реформ в системе государственного образования. Одна из таких реформ направлена на улучшение речевой культуры студентов. Правильное формирование речи ребенка в значительной степени регулируется в начальной школе и полностью совершенствуется, когда он или она поступает в старшую школу. Речь -это вид человеческой деятельности, использование языкового мышления. Речь служит средством общения и сообщения, эмоционального выражения своих мыслей и влияния на других. Хорошо развитая речь является одним из важнейших средств активного участия в жизни общества, и для ученика речь является инструментом успешного обучения в школе. Ребенка следует учить говорить с раннего возраста. Чтобы улучшить студенческую речь, учителям необходимо использовать методы и приемы, которые помогают ученикам активно осваивать произношение, словарный запас, синтаксическую конструкцию и связанную речь языка.
Цель обучения на родном языке - научить студентов целенаправленно мыслить и использовать средства выражения языка в соответствии с нормами того же языка. Важно научить ребенка с раннего возраста свободно говорить, свободно выражать свое мнение, используя красивые слова в своей речи. В начальных классах учащиеся приобретают теоретические и практические знания на протяжении уроков, а также развивают устные навыки посредством правильного построения предложений, правил взаимодействия, выражения идей, повторного творческого повествования, заучивания стихов. Речь неотделима от мышления, речь развивается на основе мышления. Уроки
