CC BY
61
УДК 615.89 ББК 28.5
DRUG TYPES OF ROSACEAE IN KAZAKHSTAN
BAITASHEVA G.U., ASHIROVAZh.B. Kazakh Women's Teacher Training University, Almaty, Kazakhstan
Abstract
The article describes the medicinal value of the family of Rosa plants and their significance. In thousands of years, people used medicinal herbs to fight various diseases. Of course, in different countries they were used to varying degrees. In particular, fruit organs of leguminous grasses were used for the use of medicinal products. People want to live long, without illness, to prolong creative activity in old age. The medicinal properties of plants, empirically established in ancient times, find scientific justification in modern medicine. In this article presented wild plants. They are used for therapeutic and prophylactic purposes both in scientific and in folk medicine.
Keywords: Vitamin C, B2, R, K, provitamin A, hemp, endemic, avitomnosis, herbal medicine, raw material, bactericidal, lecithin, bacon.
Rosaceae. The rose family, is a medium-sized family of flowering plants, including 4,828 known species in 91 genera. The name is derived from the type genus Rosa. Among the most species-rich genera are Alchemilla (270), Sorbus (260), Crataegus (260), Cotoneaster (260), Rubus (250), and Prunus (plums, cherries, peaches, apricots, and almonds) with about 200 species. However, all of these numbers should be seen as estimates - much taxonomic work remains. The Rosaceae family includes herbs, shrubs, and trees. Most species are deciduous, but some are evergreen. They have a worldwide range, but are most diverse in the Northern Hemisphere [1].
The family was traditionally divided into six subfamilies: Rosoideae, Spiraeoideae, Maloideae (Pomoideae), Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae), Neuradoideae, and Chrysobalanoideae, and most of these were treated as families by various authors. More recently (1971), Chrysobalanoideae was placed in Malpighiales in molecular analyses and Neuradoideae has been assigned to Malvales. Schulze-Menz, in Engler's Syllabus edited by Melchior (1964) recognized Rosoideae, Dryadoideae, Lyonothamnoideae, Spireoideae, Amygdaloideae, and Maloideae. They were primarily diagnosed by the structure of the fruits. More recent work has identified that not all of these groups were monophyletic. Hutchinson (1964) and Kalkman (2004) recognized only tribes (17 and 21, respectively). Takhtajan (1997) delimited 21 tribes in 10 subfamilies Filipenduloideae, Rosoideae, Ruboideae, Potentilloideae, Coleogynoideae, Kerroideae, Amygdaloideae (Prunoideae),
Spireoideae, Maloideae (Pyroideae),
Dichotomanthoideae. A more modern model comprises three subfamilies, one of which (Rosoideae) has largely remained the same [2].
Some of the varieties of roses are of fruit trees: apple, pear, quince, cherry, plum, peach; Varieties of berries: raspberry, barren; decarative species: hippopotamus, hawthorn, hawthorn, hawthorn, etc.; Drugs: hawthorn, hippopotamus, flattering. Fruits are used for food, and honey collects honey [3].
The roses are divided into four breeds: Spiraedeae, Rosemous (Rosoidae), apples (Maloideae) and Prunoideae. There are some types of evergreen green and leafless year [4]. Some types contain a large number of vitamin C, B2, P, K and provitamine A. The most valuable are jasmine (rougher bean - R. beggeriana, raspberry rice - R. Iliensis) and redberry species (brown rhinoceros -R. Maialis, rosemary R. Rigosa) [5].
Rosacea is a common inflammatory facial dermatoses affecting primarily adults with fair skin, although all skin types may be affected. The diagnostic term "rosacea" reflects a spectrum of clinical features with the more common presentations characterized by increased blood flow and vasodilation during disease flares, which accentuate central facial erythema. Inflammatory lesions, usually papules and/or pustules are present in some cases. Variations in magnitude of the associated features of rosacea are noted clinically. Over time, other clinical features emerge or may be further accentuated, such as diffuse facial erythema and telangiectasias, as fixed changes in cutaneous vasculature occur. These later findings account for
persistent diffuse facial erythema usually accentuated centrally on the inner cheeks, chin, nose, and/or medial forehead. Some patients may also develop phymatous changes and/or have concurrent ocular rosacea. Augmented innate immune response to certain triggers (often exogenous) and neurovascular/neuroimmune dysregulation appear to be involved early in the pathophysiological sequence of cutaneous rosacea and appear to signal other downstream inflammatory or physiochemical cascades that contribute to the pathogenesis of the disorder. In this article, Part 1 of a two-part series, emphasis is placed upon the correlation of clinical features and underlying pathophysiological changes in the more common presentations of rosacea encountered by the clinician. The importance of this information is that some of these pathogenic mechanisms are modulated by available therapies, and others remain as targets for the development of new therapeutic agents or modalities [6].
In the study of phytochemistry, the mass fraction of the dry matter of the Rosaceae leaf contains 1.38% of the polysaccharides. fruits were found to be 36.7%. In the leaf of the rose roses it contains 7.5 mg of vitamin C in 100 g and 7.5 mg in fruits. The fat content of the fat laurine - 0,012622%, palmitin
- 0,001621%, stearicine - 0,003460% oleicin -0,036383%, linoleum - 0,007002%, fruits - laurine
- 0.002310%, palmitin - 0,0003337%, stearic acid
- 0,000336%, olein - 0,003009%, linoleum -0,000024%.
Treatment for many different diseases. Including: pneumonia, toxicosis, atherosclerosis, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract. Applies the roots of rosehip to diseases of the urinary tract. Tincture is recommended for scalp, blight, and regulates metabolism. Oil is used against stomach ulcers, eczema, dermatitis.
There are 21 species of roe deer in the flora of Kazakhstan. Among rare, endangered species of endemic species, Ili rose - Rosa iliensis, Zharkent horseradish - Rosa dsharkenti Chrshan., Shipovnik Pavlova - Rosa pavlovii Chrshan. Mountain barrow in the south-east of Kazakhstan and so on. There are plenty of shrubs, along with varieties. In the valley of the Irtysh there were found the most fruitful types of roses (Prozorova, 1978), Kurchum (Klyaznika, 1979).
The most widespread species in our observations are sperm whiskers - R. Spinosissima L., R. Laxa Retz., R. Acicularis Lindl. Widely represented species. Alberta - R. alberti Rgl., S. Beggarovskii -R. Beggerana Schrenk i brown - R. Cinnamomea L.
Other species grow only in the foothills (Altai, Karatau, etc.). Vitamin C is the most common type of cats. brown [7].
Rosa maialis Herrm. They uses the fruit in medicine. It collects the fruit in August-September, when it is cold, because it loses its vitamins when drying fruits. In Kazakhstan, on the rocky slopes, in the bushes, in the meadows and on the banks of the river, the only thing that grows is that it grows rarely. For example: in the rivers of Tobol, Ishim, Irtysh, in the rivers of Semey, Kokshetau, Aktobe, Turgai, Saryarka, Altai and Tarbagatai mountains (pic. 1).
Pic. 1. Rosa maialis Herrm
The abundance of ascorbic acid (vitamin C) contained in brown rose plant, combined with other vitamins, shows the high effectiveness of rose fruit. Ascorbic acid plays a major role in the human body. The human body can not synthesize vitamin C. It comes with vitamin and food. Lack or lack of vitamin C leads to the development of hypoglycaemia or avitomenosus (gingival). Boil root is used to protect the sore from microbes, to diarrhea, inflammation of the bladder, increased blood pressure, heart disease, and digestive disorders. Adds fruits to vitamin preparations. The results of our analyzes show that all vitamins are high and significant. All species, including low content of vitamins, are collected from the rosemary seeds due to their valuable fat. There are over 10 tons of grain stock found in the ridges of Ketmen, Dzungarian Alatau, South-East Resource Zone of Kazakhstan. West Tarbagatay, found 8 tons of wild rose in Zailiyskiy Alatau. These species: Alberta & Sh. pallor This type of medicinal plant is sufficient to meet the needs [8, 9]
Crataegus oxycantha L. When the therapeutic bloom begins to flower, it collects flowers in dry
weather, and flowers and fruits gather together at full maturation. Blossoms, fruits and leaves have a complex composition of biologically active substances. Among them are flavonoids, triter syrups, oleic, chlorogeneous, coffee and urolic acids, choline and other derivatives. In addition, amigdaline is present in the seeds, and in fruits -citric acid and sugars; Fruits - vitamin C 200 mg, carotene occurs. Fluid extract or hawthorn flower tissue in medicine improves tonic cardiac muscle function in cardiovascular diseases, is used in calming, hypotensive, climacteric neuroses, atherosclerosis, early stage of hypertension, fastness, insomnia and other diseases. Takes 20 to 30 drops 3-4 times a day [10,11].
Pic. 2. Crataegus oxycantha L.
Crataegus sanguine Pall. For the purpose of treatment, they collect flowers in dry weather, some of which still do not flourish, and collect the young leaves and fruits at full maturation.
Saponins are found in all parts of the red hawthorn. Flowers and fruits have flavonoids, vetexins, coffee and uric acid. The flowers contain acetylcholine, cholin, trimethylamine. The fruits also found tannins and oils in the cortex-glycoside escort. As a result of the use of thyroidectomy, atherosclerosis and anginagurosis, hypertension, anginal pectoris, atrial fibrillation, paroxysmal tachycardia, extracystoles, insomnia, cardiovascular insufficiency, pneumonia, flu and other infectious diseases improves the general condition of patients, decreases arterial pressure, decreases pain, cholesterol content decreases (pic. 3).
All productive and dry species of Hawthorn will reach several hundreds of tons in the southeast of Kazakhstan. For example, in Dzungarian Alatau 49 tons, in East Kazakhstan this product exceeds 30
tons. In Almaty and Taldykorgan there are about 100 tons of products.
Pic. 3. Crataegus sanguine Pall
Potentilla erecta (L.) Raeusch. Uses the herpes in medicine. After falling off the surface in the autumn or in the spring, during the fall of the leaf, the leaves begin to grow, wash and rinse the roots. Dry raw materials in indoors or in well-ventilated indoors or in the dryer, keeping the dried raw material for 4 years. The founder of the steppe grows along the riverbed, in moist open air in the forest. It grows on the shores of Tobolsk, Ishim and Irtysh rivers in the pine forests of Semipalatinsk, in the Altai Mountains. The roots of the stratum are valve substances (14-31%), triterpene soponins, taurine and ellactic acid flavonoids, flavabanes resin and starch. Root - macroelements (mg / g) of K -6,10; Sa - 7.4; Mg - 0.8; Fe - 0.4; trace elements (pg / g) Mn - 2.5; Cu - 1.04; Zn - 2.02; Co - 0.96; Cr - 0.02; Al - 0.25; Ba3,06; V - 0,09; Se - 6.7; Ni - 1.34; Sr - 0.81; Pb-0.28; I - 0.25; B - 24.8.
In formal and traditional medicine, it uses sticky, viscous, bactericidal properties of the straight-blooded stomach. Tincture and boiling is used for external eczema and atonic dermis, rinses and treats oral cavity and gynecological diseases. Treatment for chronic cirrhosis of the boil, inflammation of the liver. Stomach cessation of boiling and swallowing the mouth against inflammation, inflammation of the infarction, and mouth ulcers. In folk medicine, herbal infections and diarrhea are commonly used as an anti-bleeding treatment for bloody pancreas (dysentery). Seeds liver disease, and powdered wounds, when burned. It is used to stop external blood flow.
The healing properties of medicinal plants have been known since very early times. For example,
Russia says: "The healing medicines of various diseases are plants." The well-known thinker, orientalist, Ibn Sina (Avicenna), in the book Medical Canon, writes: "The doctor has three weapons - a word, a plant, a knife."
The population of each region uses different properties of medicinal plants and their value is also. Because some plants have several different medicinal properties. Many medicinal plants used in folk medicine are still unknown. Moreover, the most important task is to study and stock the reserves in the republic, due to the fact that the industry is increasingly needed for medicines.
Currently, many scientists are involved in the study of medicinal plants. In Kazakhstan, medicinal
plants are particularly common in desert and desert lands. There is no doubt that there are valuable medicinal plants in these areas that are not present in any of the other regions. In recent years, many plants have disappeared as a result of wasteful use, unwanted harvesting, plowing, stocking and stamping. In this regard, we should promote not only the use of medicinal plants but also their protection. Using medicinal plants without a doctor's control is harmful to health. After all, the use of small amounts of plants in the body can even lead to a serious problem. Therefore, medicinal plants should be used with caution.
Reference
1. БайташеваГ.У. Экологиялъщ бтм беру жэне дуниетаным: учебник/Г. У. Байташева. - СПб.: Алматы, 2012. - 260 с.
2. Головко Т. Тяжелые металлы в окружающей среде и растительных организмах / Т. Головко, Е. Гармаш, С. Скугорева //Вестник ИБКоми НЦ УрО РАН. - 2008. - № 7. - С. 2-7.
3. Гончарук Е.А. Воздействие кадмия на морфофизиологические реакции различных генотипов льна-долгунца в условиях in vitro и in vivo /Е.А. Гончарук, Е.А. Калашникова, B. C. Шевелуха //IIИзв. Тимирязевской с.-х. академии. Сер. биол. - 2006. - Вып. 2. - С. 288-294.
4. Гуральчук Ж.З. Механизмы устойчивости растений к тяжелым металлам / Ж.З. Гуральчук // Физиология и биохимия культ, растений. - 1994. - Т. 26, № 2. - С. 107-117.
5. Луначарский А.В. О народном образовании./А.В.Луначарский. - М.: Изд-во АПН СССР, 1958. - С. 75-87.
6. Линней К. Философия ботаники / К. Линней. - М.: Наука, 1989. - 451 с.
7. Dmitrieva A.G. Physiology of plant organisms and the role of metals /A.G. Dmitrieva, O.N. Kozhanova, H. Dronina. - М.: MGU, 2002. -p. 159
8. Kukenov M.K. Botanical Resource Management of Kazakhstan Almaty /M.K. Kukenov. - 1999.
9. Lavrenova G. V. The Full Encyclopedia of Pharmaceutical Resuscitation / G. V. Lavrenova, V.K. Lavrenov //Ast-Stalker, 2008.
10. Mukhitdinov N.M. Medicinal Plants /N.M. Mukhitdinov, A. T. Mamurova. - SPb.: Almaty, 2013. -p. 260
11. Sarsenbaev K. Phytoremediation and greening of areas surrounding metallurgy plants in Kazakhstan: textbook / K. Sarsenbaev, U. Esnasarov. - Аlmaty, 2000. - p. 205
ЛЕКАРСТВЕННЫЕ ТИПЫ РОЗАЦЕЯ В КАЗАХСТАНЕ
БАЙТАШЕВА Г.У., АШИРОВАЖ.Б. Казахский государственный женский педагогический университет, Алматы, Казахстан
Аннотация
В статье описана лекарственная ценность семейства растений Розы и их значение. На протяжении тысячелетий люди использовали лекарственные травы для борьбы с различными заболеваниями. Конечно, в разных странах они использовались в разной степени. В частности, для употребления лекарственных средств использовались плодовые органы бобовых трав.
Люди хотят жить долго, без болезней, продлевать творческую деятельность в старости. Лечебные свойства растений, эмпирически установленные в древние времена, находят научное обоснование и в современной медицине. В этой статье представлены описание ценных свойств диких растений, которые используются в лечебно-профилактических целях как в научной, так и в народной медицине.
Ключевые слова: лекарственное растение, витамин С, В2, Р, К и провитамин А, шиповник, эндемик, авитомноз, цинго, лекарство, сырье, бактериоцид, осадок, бекон.
