CC BY
2
УДК 004.056
Аллаева Гурбангуль
Студент,
Международный университет гуманитарных наук и развития
г. Ашгабад, Туркменистан
ЦИФРОВАЯ СИСТЕМА В СТРАНЕ И ЕЕ ФИЛИАЛАХ Аннотация
В данной работе рассматривается вопрос особенностей развития технологий в цифровой экономике и их особенности. Проведен перекрестный и сравнительный анализ влияния различных факторов на рост эффективности в процессе цифровизации по средством внедрения технологий по изучению информации.
Ключевые слова
Анализ, метод, оценка, экономика, технология.
Allaeva Gurbangul
Student,
International University for the Humanities and Development,
Ashgabad, Turkmenistan
DIGITAL SYSTEM IN COUNTRY AND ITS BRANCHES Abstract
This paper discusses the issue of features of technology development in the digital economy and their features. A cross-sectional and comparative analysis of the influence of various factors on the growth of efficiency in the process of digitalization was carried out through the introduction of technologies for the study of information.
Keywords
Analysis, method, evaluation, economics, technology.
In the course of the evolution of socio-economic systems, the components were reconfigured. What was important at the previous stage turned out to be only an integral part of the subsequent one and, accordingly, ceased to be the main source of well-being. The transformation process was as follows.
1. The knowledge economy, in addition to traditional economic factors such as labor, capital and land, includes such a factor as knowledge. Knowledge begins to take a leading position among other economic variables in the process of creating a company's competitive advantages and shaping the value of a product and / or service.
2. The development of information technology has influenced the fact that knowledge very quickly goes from being unique to becoming a public good, while maintaining a competitive advantage for a short period. Competitive advantages can only be obtained with the emergence of knowledge, since in the process of its own dissemination, knowledge is very quickly transformed into a public good. Thus, it is necessary to understand that in the knowledge economy, competitive advantage is formed not due to the possession of knowledge, but due to the ability to quickly create this unique knowledge.
3. The new role of knowledge in general is due not only to accessibility, but also to the expansion of
АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОЕ ИЗДАТЕЛЬСТВО «НАУЧНАЯ АРТЕЛЬ»
opportunities for their use and creation. Thanks to information technology, it has become possible to form social networks on a global scale, which gives society dynamics. In this regard, various innovations are spreading very quickly.
These transformations - from an industrial economy based on commodity production to a knowledge economy based on the accumulation and formation of key competencies - have also affected the nature of competition. Network relations form new conditions for cooperation between companies, which leads to an increase in the attractiveness of the network in the eyes of the consumer, and also creates competition within the network between its representatives, based on the ability to generate unique knowledge (on creativity).
Humanity has reached such a high level of development of technological infrastructure that the possibilities of storage, transmission, as well as the speed of data processing are constantly growing and will continue to grow exponentially in the future.
But the transition to something new is not only a process aimed at achieving a set result or goal. This is also an assessment of the risks associated with the proposed changes, the development of abilities and capabilities to manage the conditions and factors that determine the success and effectiveness of digital transformation processes.
"There are several key simultaneously developing trends. It will not be possible to avoid their impact, and we are already facing their consequences now. Successful organizations will be able to adapt to these trends and understand how to turn them into opportunities," says Blair Sheppard, Head of Strategy and Leadership at PwC USA.
Digital transformation is a far from unambiguous paradigm of social development, with all its positive effects, it is necessary to be able to predict, identify and manage negative trends, challenges and threats. In particular, the author emphasizes the following: "Digitalization will fundamentally change the economic and innovation landscape. According to the forecast, by 2035, 95% of production processes will be automated, and 50-70% of jobs will cease to exist. The growing gap between the level of economic and technological development of different countries, as well as different groups of the population, depending not only on the level of economic well-being, but also on the ability to actively participate in the digitalization process, use intellectual property, be innovatively active, leads to an increase in the threat of falling into "a trap of increasing technological backwardness", which undermines the national security of the country and creates new global risks.
Already today, there is a radical acceleration in the spread and penetration of digital technologies, the emergence of more and more new digital innovations that are difficult to track and analyze, and possible areas of their application, as well as a multiple increase in the likelihood of the emergence of the "same" breakthrough technology that will pose a challenge. for Russian industry. In addition to the direct threat to industrial enterprises, these trends have another important consequence. Those who start building a digital ecosystem earlier than others benefit from non-linear results.
Lagging companies are largely doomed to "patch" solutions, which just bring the usual linear effect and are more like "small optimization". Subsequently, such players (if the overall stability of their business allows them to stay in the game in principle) will be forced to switch to systems and approaches that will be developed and offered to them by leaders.
Список использованной литературы:
1. Левчаев, П.А. Рынок цифровых услуг и сетевая экономика как основа бизнес-процессов и цифратизации современного социально-экономического уклада / П.А. Левчаев // Журнал экономических исследований [Электронный ресурс]. - 2018. - 4 т. - № 6.
2. Левчаев, П.А. Цифровая экономика как будущее нашей жизни. / П.А. Левчаев // Russian Journal of Management [Электронный ресурс]., Журнал экономических исследований [Электронный ресурс]. -
2017. - 5 т. - № 4.
3. Левчаев, П.А. Необходимость учета особенностей функционирования цифровой экономики в стратегии инновационного развития регионов России / П.А. Левчаев // Россия: тенденции и перспективы развития. Ежегодник. Отд. науч. сотрудничества; Отв. ред. В. И. Герасимов. - М.: РАН. ИНИОН, 2018. - Вып. 13. - Ч. 2. - С. 346-350.
4. Левчаев, П.А. Системно-стоимостные и информационно-коммуникационные особенности функционирования экономических субъектов в условиях цифровой экономики / П. А. Левчаев // Журнал экономических исследований [Электронный ресурс] - 2018. - 4 т. - № 7.
5. Мескон, М.Х. Основы менеджмента: пер. с анг./ М.Х. Мескон, М. Альберт, Ф. Хедоури. - М.: «Дело ЛТД», 1994 - 702 с.
© Аллаева Г., 2022
Алланазаров Торе,
старший преподаватель Туркменский государственный институт экономики и управления
Ашхабад, Туркменистан
СЕЛЬСКОЕ ХОЗЯЙСТВО В УСЛОВИЯХ РЫНОЧНОЙ ЭКОНОМИКИ ОСОБЕННОСТИ ПРОИЗВОДСТВЕННОГО ПЛАНИРОВАНИЯ И ПРОГНОЗИРОВАНИЯ
Аннотация
С переходом к рыночной экономике совершенствуется планирование всех отраслей народного хозяйства Туркменистана, в том числе агропромышленного комплекса.
Ключевые слова: народное хозяйство, государственный план, государственный заказ.
Annotation
With the transition to a market economy, the planning of all sectors of the national economy of Turkmenistan, including the agro-industrial complex, is being improved.
Key words: national economy, state plan, state order.
С переходом к рыночной экономике совершенствуется планирование всего народного хозяйства Туркменистана, в том числе агропромышленного комплекса.
Государственное планирование приобретает новый характер, становясь неотъемлемой частью рынка, а его задача - обеспечить макроопережение и устойчивость экономического роста.
Основным отличием текущего планирования от предыдущего планирования является отсутствие многих ориентиров, современного направления работы каждой отрасли, предприятия.
Лимиты установлены только на предоставление товаров и услуг, а также на выполнение централизованных инвестиций и госзаказов по реализации программ социального обеспечения. Остальные показатели: урожайность, продуктивность продукции, объем производства, размер прибыли, темпы повышения производительности труда и другие определяются самим предприятием.
