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7Leading Research Fellow, Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education, Moscow, Russia;
e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Relevance. The integration of modern technologies in all spheres of life makes psychologists study the influence of new conditions on the development of child's personality. The aim of the study was to compare the levels of intelligence and giftedness within the same educational institution in samples with a time difference from 3 to 23 years. The level of intelligence was assessed by the success of mastering the activity by solving the problem. Giftedness was defined as the ability to create, which is understood as the development of one's own initiative. Research methods and sampling. The method "Creative field", presented in the method "Animals in the circus" (Bogoyavlenskaya D.B.) allowed exploration of the level of intelligence and giftedness. The samples were groups of children aged 6 and 9 years: preschoolers in 1997 - 33 people, 2016 - 61 people, junior schoolchildren: 1999 - 21 people, 2014 -53 people, 2018 - 28 people, 2022 -18 people. The main results. In 1997, preschool children with intellectual problems accounted for 5%, with 23% gifted children. In 2016, we see an increase in "problem" children up to 26% and a decrease in the manifestations of giftedness up to 5%. In 1999, only 1% of primary school-age children could not master the activity. Over the next 13 years, the percentage of intellectual problems increases with a clear decrease in the manifestations of giftedness. Conclusion. Comparing the indicators of different time epochs, we see a decrease in the manifestations of giftedness and an increase in the number of "problem" children. The influence of virtual technologies due to their maximum expansion and competition with the necessary areas of child development through their replacement or substitution may be the reason for the differences identified.
Keywords: giftedness, intelligence, development, virtual technologies DOI:
LIFE-MEANING AND VALUE ORIENTATIONS OF ADOLESCENTS INCLINED TO DEVIANT BEHAVIOR
Zhanna Kara
Associate Professor, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Lyudmila Kruteleva
Associate Professor, Southern Federal University, Rostov-on-Don, Russia; e-mail: [email protected]
Abstract: Prevention of deviant behavior among adolescents is an urgent task of modern society. In this research, we considered deviant behavior in adolescents as a display of their anxiety, as an answer to the influence of the world around them on their values and life meaning. The goal of the research is to study the characteristic features of life-meaning and value orientations of adolescents inclined to deviant behavior. The sample involved 62 secondary school students aged 15-17 years, divided into 2 equal groups with/without inclination to deviant behavior. The research hypothesis: adolescents would differ in the structure of value orientations and leading life meanings depending on the level of their inclination to deviant behavior. The theoretical and methodological base comprises approaches examining parent-child relationships, theories of forming and developing life-meaning sphere and value sphere of a person, and concepts of deviant behavior. The empirical part of the study includes methods of questioning, testing ("Inclination to deviant behavior" Test [A.N. Orel]; "Rokeach Value Survey"; "Investigation of the system of life meanings" [V.S. Kotlyakov]) and statistical data processing. Results and discussion: 1. Adolescents more inclined to deviant behavior demonstrate a preference for life meanings reflecting their desire to discover life in different ways, to explore contradictions of the world around, to realize the need to express their abilities in a demonstrative way. These reveal themselves against the background of a decrease in interpersonal communication with peers and adults. 2. Adolescents less inclined to deviant behavior show a preference for life meanings which reflect their striving to enjoy life, get positive emotions, avoid stressful situations, pay attention to the causes of current developments, and to help
