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DEVELOPMENT OF ACADEMIC WRITING SKILLS
AT STUDENTS 1 2 Aubakirova G.T. , Zeinullina D.N. (Republic of Kazakhstan)
Email: Aubakirova448@scientifictext.ru
1Aubakirova Gulbanu Tursunovna - Candidate of Philological Sciences, Professor; 2ZeinuUina Diana Nurlanovna - Master Student, FOREIGN AND RUSSIAN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, KARAGANDA ECONOMIC UNIVERSITY OF KAZPOTREBSOYUZ, KARAGANDA, REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN
Abstract: the article analyzes various aspects of developing foreign language academic writing skills; the development of certain methodological directions in this area; Methods of teaching a foreign language and improving the practical orientation of its content towards vocational training; Using the integration of all voice activities. The author reveals the significance of didactic principles in teaching students academic writing in English. The updating of the problem under study is connected with the problem of teaching students a letter in a foreign language, with the definition of new requirements to the quality of professional training of young specialists.
Keywords: academic writing, skills, foreign languages, speech, students, purposes, methods.
РАЗВИТИЕ НАВЫКОВ АКАДЕМИЧЕСКОГО ПИСЬМА У
СТУДЕНТОВ
Аубакирова Г.Т.1, Зейнуллина Д.Н.2 (Республика Казахстан)
1Аубакирова Гульбану Турсуновна - кандидат филологических наук, профессор; 2Зейнуллина Диана Нурлановна - магистрант, кафедра иностранных и русского языков, Карагандинский экономический университет Казпотребсоюза, г. Караганда, Республика Казахстан
Аннотация: в статье анализируются различные аспекты развития навыков академического письма на иностранном языке; формирования определенных методологических направлений в этой сфере; методики обучения иностранному языку и совершенствования практической ориентированности его содержания на профессиональную подготовку; использования интеграции всех видов речевой деятельности. Автор раскрывает значимость дидактических принципов при обучении студентов академическому письму на английском языке. Актуализация исследуемой проблемы связана с проблемой обучения студентов письму на иностранном языке, с определением новых требований к качеству профессиональной подготовки молодых специалистов.
Ключевые слова: академическое письмо, навыки, иностранные языки, речь, студенты, цели, методы.
According to the recent researches, within the framework of the development of socioeconomic ties between Kazakhstan and foreign countries, one of the leading areas of specialists' training at universities is the development of academic writing skills in a foreign language. As it is known, at the end of the last century, there was a problem in the educational system of England and the United States such as teaching writing to students (for example, French and Spanish). Today, in various courses of foreign languages, academic writing is one of the most important parts of the curriculum, but the practice is such that in modern conditions an integrated approach to the development of academic writing skills is necessary.
Unfortunately, in practice teachers often can keep in touch with such shortcomings as the lack of critical thinking and accuracy of thought among young students, the low level of analysis and generalization, the weak expression of autonomy and initiatives in choosing one 's own life position. In this connection, the mainstreaming of this problem is determined by the new requirements for the quality of young professionals vocational training, in which the academic writing takes an important place. This is due to the need of the society for specialists who know oral and written speech in a foreign language against the background of all those social, political and socio-economic changes in Kazakhstan, and the growth of economic and cultural ties with foreign countries.
The purpose of this article is to identify and reveal the main approaches, stages and didactic possibilities for students of universities to develop academic writing skills in terms of teaching activities.
Methods of the research: theoretical analysis and synthesis of psycho-pedagogical literature on the problem of the research; compilation of best teaching practices.
Results of the research
□ During the research of psychological and pedagogical literature on the problem of teaching a foreign language at the university, the following contradictions were found between:
□Necessity of high professional standard of the experts who are fluent in the academic written language in a foreign language and low level of proficiency in a written language of the comprehensive schools graduates and the students of higher education institutions;
□Necessity of increase in efficiency of training of students for mastering academic letter and insufficient readiness of pedagogical conditions for this purpose;
□Necessity of application of innovative approaches for productive training in the academic writing at a foreign language and insufficiency of scientific justification of educational and methodical developments for practical training of students of universities.
In the system of higher education of Kazakhstan, these contradictions should be resolved at the methodological level with elements of practical implementation. Since academic writing today is an important component of speech activity in most professions, the theoretical rationale for the importance of developing academic writing skills can highlight the following trends:
□Academic writing promotes realization of knowledge of a foreign language through the cultural maintenance of a training material;
□Academic writing (for example, in English) in interaction with reading, speaking and audition creates the corresponding integrative qualities, as systemacity, integrity and complexity of speech activity at professional formation of the future expert;
□Academic writing in a foreign language in vocational training of the expert of any profile has to become not only an independent type of speech activity, but also perform the educational, developing and educational functions of personal development of the student.
For this purpose, it is necessary to improve the effectiveness of foreign language education and to improve the practical orientation of its content towards professional training in the field of academic writing, which leads to the formation of the following directions:
□ Development of process of students training on the basis of personally focused and activity approaches;
□ application of productive methods for implementation of use of the academic writing at teaching students at universities;
□ Development of methodological aspects of improvement of training process in the academic writing during the learning of foreign language.
These directions are related to the maximum development of academic writing skills in students, which implies integration of all types of speech activities with the introduction of productive education on the basis of targeted and systematic professional training based on individual creative abilities of the individual.
An analysis of the work of universities in this aspect shows that today, as a rule, an approach is used, which considers writing in a foreign language only as a means of teaching other types of speech activity, i.e. skills of writing lag behind the level of training in other types of speech activity. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to implement certain pedagogical conditions for teaching academic writing skills in a foreign language, which would, inter alia, ensure continuity of the following stages: 1) at the initial stage students study spelling, grammar, vocabulary and adequacy of its application; 2) at the second stage academic writing is taught, where students develop skills of writing style of official academic writing based on test assignments.
These stages are implemented under the following pedagogical conditions:
□ Provision of content, forms and teaching methods for students, in which the study of a foreign language is a holistic process of speech activity (reading, writing, auditing and speaking) aimed at improving academic writing skills;
□ Development of substantial and functional communications between all types of speech activity for the purpose of ensuring systemacity and the sequence of development of skills of the academic letter;
□ Interaction of development of skills of the academic writing with creative self-realization of students during their speech activity;
□ continuity*» of levels of the initial, average and increased assimilation in the course of training in a foreign language;
□ differentiated approach to training in a foreign language taking into account mastering students language competences;
□permanent addition of complete educational process with innovative methods of training in the academic writing of the increased difficulty in a foreign language.
Studying the Course of Academic Writing students form the following academic competences:
□ mastering skills of structuring the text at the level of the competent organization of its contents within offers and paragraphs;
□ development of language skills in terms of style and lexicon for competent writing articles and texts and also various business and information documents;
□ ability to analyze and estimate various level written works, including someone else's texts;
□ ability to work with authentic sources, as well as to justify their own point of view on their assessment, etc.
Since the feature of academic writing is its formal style of presentation, students must use scientific vocabulary competently, exercise clarity and clarity in drafting the text, and not abuse phraseologisms and words of spoken style. Therefore, the teacher is faced with the task of developing the ability of students to structure the text so that they can use this skill in their scientific activities in the future, as the correct structuring of the text is an essential component of academic writing.
In conclusion, within the framework of this discipline it is necessary to propose a large set of topics for study, on the basis of which both the corresponding control tasks for verification of learning both formal material (correct structure of the article, its volume, etc.) and verification of its content side (competent use of vocabulary and grammar of the scientific article) are drawn up. At the same time, based on the different orientation of university faculties, adequate selection of language material is also important, which naturally requires taking into account thematic and genre affiliation That is, the question is to choose the subject matter of a particular faculty, where the most demanded is a certain specificity of training future specialists, for which the problem of learning professional and highly specialized vocabulary comes. So, the main feature of this course is its practical focus on the development of academic writing skills, and this also provides for parallel development in students both cognitive (ability to make hypotheses, analyze information, etc.) and linguistic skills (ability to formulate thought and present it by language means).
Conclusion
Modernization of the higher education system, which has been taking place in recent years in the Republic of Kazakhstan, is aimed at finding optimal ways to improve the teaching of the foreign language. The learning process today becomes closely related to the real opportunity for university graduates to integrate into the international scientific environment, where it will be necessary to show not only language knowledge, but also research skills. In this process, particular attention is paid to written communication in the form of scientific articles, reports, business reports It makes the task of developing foreign-language academic skills of students extremely relevant.
References / Список литературы
1. They Say / I Say: The Moves That Matter in Academic Writing (Paperback) by Gerald Graff.
2. Stylish Academic Writing by Helen Sword, England, 2011.
3. The Craft of Research (Chicago Guides to Writing, Editing, and Publishing) by Wayne C. Booth, US Publish, 1999.
4. Writing for Social Scientists: How to Start and Finish Your Thesis, Book, or Article by Howard S. Becker, 2003.
