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8COMPATIBILITY OF THE PASSIVE HOUSES IN COLD CLIMATES (CASE STUDY:
AGHDAM CITY_AZERBAIJAN)
NIKROUZ FOROUZANDEH GHOJEHBEIGLOU RASHID
PhD student, Azerbaijan University of Architecture and Construction, Baku, Azerbaijan
Abstract: In this paper, to ensure the comfort of the building, the solar passive urban form design (model) is presented using the energy consumption analyses method for the cold climate of Aghdam city. The importance of applying structural models and related costs has made it more sensitive to the use of software methods and models. The main reason for this sensitivity is the ability to understand the emotional and conceptual differences and concepts of comfort components from the perspective of experts from different fields and Individuals with different geographic and cultural characteristics.
However, the proposed strategy and plans for the non-active solar micro urban form project, with the help of CLIMATE CONSULTANT and METEONORM programs- as a complementary and supporting software of micro-climatic features and ease factors, while defining the future comfort conditions. The prominence of the proposed model templates is that it makes use of energy standards, the amount of consumption and the cost-effectiveness of the energy saving before the construction of the building.
Key words: energy, cold climate, passive house, energy efficiency, climatic design, sustainable design
Introduction: The criterion for the arbitration of architecture is its degree of adherence to the requirements of environmental preservation, not imposed on the environment [1]. Some Sustainable approach in design is:
It is desirable, wherever possible, to use the techniques of construction that are inherited in the site, learning from local traditions in terms of material and design.
Setting the function of the building and interior comfort in the first place, which ensures the safety and flexibility of the building and makes it adaptable for use.
Construction is required to be of adequate quality and duration (long life of the object depends on the form, finish, and the installation process of the applied materials).
Avoid using materials that are of non-renewable resources or those that can not be reused or recycled [2].
Since cost savings and energy-efficiency issues in the architecture of buildings and in the field of architectural knowledge are highly sensitive, the use of computer-aided simulation of energy consumption in building design can be one of the most effective methods [3]. Over the past 50 years, more than hundreds of simulation programs related to energy in the building have been designed and used by various organizations involved in this area. The most basic software is the ones that completely simulate the system and such things as consumption over different periods, energy costs, temperature and humidity calculations, which are the results of the main indicators of energy performance in the building, are in the form of different output results, [4, 5]. Used climate data is in EPW (Energy Plus Weather) format which resulted from Meteonorm software [5].
A Brief Background about Aghdam City: Aghdam district borders with Agjabadi, Tartar, Barda, Kalbajar Askaran and Khojavand, as well as Fuzuli districts. The area is 1.15 thousand square km, and the population is 186.1 thousand (04.01.2013). Aghdam region was also involved in the war started in February 1988 by Armenia, which built its current state on the ancient lands of Azerbaijan, in order to annex Karabakh to itself. Tens of thousands of Azerbaijanis who were expelled from their home, and then from Karabakh, took refuge in Aghdam region [6].
Aghdam district destroyed during the occupation
Armenian View of the region from the dome of Juma Mosque (Aghdam)
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Ruins of Agdam city in 2010
Firudin Bey Aslanbeyov's house
Aghdam has a cold semi-arid climate (BSk) according to the Köppen climate classification [7].
City climatic information updated from "meteonorm" [5];
A: Temperature range
B: Radiation range
C: Illumination range
D:Psychrometric chart
A
B
C
D
Design Strategies: The first step in this design is to configure the meteorological data sheet of the city of Aghdam (Table1) (from the results and outputs of the Climate Consultant software). After obtaining the climatic characteristics and its processing, it is ready to model the result in REVIT ARCHITECTURE or other energy analysing and modeling programs.
Figure 1: Setting up the heating thermostat, for a lower temperature.
Table. 1 : Design Guidelines for Analyzing Climate Information in the Climate Consultant Software
Figure 2: Feeling the heat through people and appliances and domestic
Figure 4: Small and compact building (offcourse Figure 3:Using efficient appliances (with low energy consumption) with correct size and scale).
Figure 5: Prevent thermal bridges in insulation areas- Figure 6: -The use of a ceiling fan on hot days.
After defining the comfort range and determining the criteria for the map, the specifications of the plan are as follows: Setting up the heating thermostat, for a lower temperature. (Figure 1).
Getting heat from appliances, lamps and interior materials will reduce the need for heat. Therefore, it is necessary that the living area is kept clear, insulated (used in the summer of ventilation) (Figure 2)
Using an efficient system (energy consumption), (Figure3), while controlling the cost of building, the heat is taken back to the building again. Use of external insulation (requires efficient insulation) for the process of inspection, air flow under the ceiling is necessary, therefore, while using the ceiling insulation, consider the minimum space of 5 cm for the air flow between the insulator and the final cover of the ceiling. Is taken. Also, approximately 10% of the shear walls with a 40 cm (center-to-center) gap in the mirror (connection) of the insulated thermal bridge, increasing the distance from 40 cm to 60 cm, the thermal bridge decreases from 10% to 6%. (Figure 5)
• Use of a ceiling fan during hot days with a boom closure, or by blowing up the interior air can lower the interior temperature without mechanical ventilation of 2.8 degrees Celsius. (Figure 6)
• Excellent outdoor sunblock space (seasonal sunbeds, enclosed patios, backyards or porches) to enhance the room's living space in cold weather. (Figure 7)
Figure7: Use of an exterior sunscreen environment Figure8: Use of Maximum Glass Levels in tantort that disturbs the wind with the Sun
• Establishment of double-glazed glass surfaces with clear and clear insulated frames in all geographical directions for maximum absorption of sun heating and sunlight. (Figure 8)
Figure 9: The garage is located on the side facing the cold wind direction, that is to the west, which is against the wind and these spaces are a kind of obstacle.
Figure 10: Consider the maximum absorption of the heat of the sun in winter by shifting the direction for spaces that need to absorb heating energy throughout the day.
In this climate, ventilation of the air will always be necessary; however, if the design of the building, upfront heating (fireplaces, etc.) is minimized, the need for air ventilation can be reduced to a large extent. Window fronts (designed for these geographic coordinates) or operator shadows -which extend out in the summer and close in the winter - can reduce or limit the need for air ventilation. (Figure 11)
• Insulating parts of the covered building
Insulating the covered parts of the building helps to reduce the heat dissipation during the night of the winter. The building's insulation ensures a 50% reduction in the heating load in cold and temperate regions and 45% in tropical regions, as well as a 35% reduction in the cooling load in warm, temperate and even cold areas, Figure 13, 14, 15.
Figure 12: Avoid planting any tree (whether or not a broad leaf) in front of the sun's inactive windows. Of course, it can be planted on the side of the building and in a 45 degree position relative to its corners.
Figure 11: the use of a leap forward that is widespread in the summer and closes in the winter.
Figure 14: Use of more materials or heat capacity, such as thick walls and thicker sheets inside the building, will be used to store inactive winter and cool temperatures during the Figure 13:: Insulation of the external shell of the building, summer.
Figure 15:: If you use the ground, it should be at least 45 centimeters below the line (ice) and its interior (with foam) or insulated from the wall (covered with wool).
Figure 16: Proper sealing of the building to prevent energy loss
Analysis and conclusion: The implementation of energy efficiency measures in Agdam City can bring about numerous benefits and positive impacts. By improving the thermal performance of buildings, upgrading heating systems, integrating renewable energy sources, and enhancing public awareness, the city can reduce energy consumption, lower costs, mitigate environmental impacts, improve indoor comfort, create job opportunities, and enhance resilience.
In addition to overall environmental benefits that arise from a more energy efficient building, there are also personal benefits. Reduced heating and electrical bills are one major benefit to upgrading a home or building a more energy efficient home. As well, installing these energy-efficient technologies effectively works to "future-proof11 the building by making investments that will be selling points well into the future [8].
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4. National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL). Elements of an Energy-Efficient House. U.S. Department of Energy (DOE). Energy efficiency and renewable energy. 2000.
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8. National Resources Canada. Energy Efficiency is Important for New Buildings Avalable at: https://natural-resources.canada.ca/energy-efficiency/buildings/new-buildings/20673 (accessed June 8, 2023)
