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Kholmirzaeva Маdinakhon Аkramjonovna, Ph D., student, Ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of Republic of Uzbekistan Andijan State University named after Z. M. Bobur E-mail: Anidam1981mail@ru Zaynabiddinov Anvar Erkinjonovich, doktor of biological science, Ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of Republic of Uzbekistan Andijan State University named after Z. M. Bobur E-mail: Azaynabiddinov@bk.ru Khalilov Ergash Khalilovich, candidat of biological science, Ministry of higher and secondary specialized education of Republic of Uzbekistan Andijan State University named after Z. M. Bobur Khushmatov Shunkor Sadullaevich, doktor of biological science, Institute of Biophysics and Biochemistry
of National University of Uzbekistan E-mail: Khushmatov_Sh.S@bk.ru
COMPARATIVE CHARACTERISTICS OF BODY WEIGHT OF BEGINNER PUPILS (7-11 YEARS OLD) OF SOME SCHOOLS OF ANDIJAN REGION OF THE REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: The indicators of physical development of children play an important role in monitoring their health. The purpose of this study is to describe the primary grade pupils (7-11 years of age) in Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan on the basis of comparison of the body weight. The investigations were conducted in Andijan, Ulugnor district (school #17), Pakhtaabad district (school #26), Markhamat district (school #4), Andijan city (school #30) and Khanabad) are based on generally accepted anthropometric research methods in 2013-2018. Studies show that the increase in body weight in the 7-11 age range shows that children (7-11 years of age) in schools # 17, # 26, # 30, # 4 and # 5 minimal/their maximum values are - 20,4-27,4; 22.6-33.2; 23.4-35.8; 22.9-35.6 and 26.5-38.4 fluctuations were observed. This distinction could be explained by the fact that the surveyed schools are located in different geographical and climatic zones. That is, schools #17, #26, #30, #4- and #5 are located above the sea level-desert, steppes, foothills and foothills. Particularly, this distinction can be clearly observed in the values of weight (kg) of pupils (7-11 years) at schools # 17 and #5 in the desert area. The value of body weight in boys aged 7-11 in boys at schools #17, #26, #30, #4 and #5, located in desert, steppes, foothills and climatic zones of research 9-11 years, relatively high rates of growth (22.4%) were detected. Also, it was found that the rate of increase in body weight in girls aged 7-11 was significantly higher than that of boys and recorded 25.1% in the 9-11 age group. The achieved results show that a differential approach is needed to take into account the effects of factors affecting the climate-geographical situation in the development of anthropometric standarts/standarts for primary school pupils (7-11 years old), as well as in the development of a complex of medical/pedagogical correction and preventive measures of different characteristics.
Keywords: the body weight, primary school pupils, geographical/climatic zones.
Introduction of each society Especially physiometric/anthropometric
World Health Organization (WHO) stresses the impor- researches for the continuous monitoring of the level of tance of creating conditions for the physical, psycho-emo- physical development and health of school-age children in tional development of children as a priority for the future the process of education have scientific practical importance
in the context of the development of a set of health promotion measures.
Moreover, analysing on the basis of camparing anthropometric indicators of organism of children living in different geographical areas is considered to be very important from the poit of view of learning the process of adjustment to climate geographical conditions of human organism [1, 17; 2, 3-22].
Materials and methods
The investigations were carried out in 2013-2018 in comprehensive school #17 located in Ulugnor district, in comprehensive school #26 located in Pakhtaobod district, in comprehensive school #4 located in Markhamat district, in comprehensive school #30 located in Andijan city and in comprehensive school #5 located in Khonobod town (Fig. 1).
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Figure 1. The map location of comprehensive schools where invetigations were conducted
There are 740 comprehensive schools belonging to Public education department in the Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan. The comprehensive school #17 where the investigation was conducted is located in the area of Mingchinor Village Citizens Coincil in Ulugnor district. Ulugnor district is located in the western part of Andijan region (coordinate of geographical location: 40°44' East latitude 72°46' North longitude). It was founded on 26/12/1973 and its area is 440 km2, the climate is rapid continental/subtropic, in January average air temperature is -4 °C, in July + 24...+ 28 °C, average amount of annual atmospheric precipitations - 195-200 mm, population is 47.300 people (there are Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Tajik, Russian, Uygur, Tatar nations) (Ulugnor (district) // [Electronic resource]. URL: https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index. php? title=Ulug nor_(tuman)&oldid=1929718 Application date: 04/08/2018; Ulugnor district // [Electronic resource].
The comprehensive school #26 where investigation was conducted is located in Madaniyat Village Citizens Council, Pakhtaobod ditrict, Andijan region. Pakhtaobod district is located on the north-east of Andijan region, its area is 26033 km2, climate is medium, 3000 m above the sea-level, population consists of 165000 people (there are Uzbek, Kirgiz, Tajik,
Russian, Uygur, Tatar nations) (Pahtaobod district // [Electronic resource]. URL: https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Pakhtaobod _tumani&oldid=1991980 Application date: 04/08/2018).
The comprehensive school #30 in Navoiy Avenure, Eski shahar neighbordood, Andijan city.
The comprehensive school #5 in Kichik Nayman Village Citizens neighbordood, Markhamat district, Andijan region. Markhamat district is located in the southern part of the Andijan region (geographical coordinates: 40°30 East latidute' 72°20 North longiture), was founded on 29/09/1926 (center - Markhamat cit(y), the area is 320 km2, north and North-the Eastern part is plain, the remainder of the foothill zone (1500 m above the sea level), and the southwestern part has the Alay Mountain Range, Ulughtog and Tuyamuyun hilly region (above sea level ~920 m), these geographical regions form the Oyim-Markhamat-Hojaabad mountain system; the northern part of the Moylisoy Hilly region; the climate is sharply continental; the average temperature in January is -2.9 °C, +26.1 °C in July, the average annual rainfall is 218 °C, 320 mm, population is 119.800 people (Uzbek, Kyrgyz, Russian, Tatar, Korean, Uygur, Kazakh, Ukrainian).
There are more than 28.000 pupils in over 40 secondary schools in Markhamat district (Markhamat district // [Electronic resource]. URL: https://uz.wikipedia.org/w/index. php? title=Markhama; t_tumani&oldid=1992006 Application date: 04/08/2018; Markhamat district // [Electronic resource]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index.php? title=Markhamat region&oldid=94179838 Application date: 04.08.2018 r.).
The comprehensive school #5 is loacated in Topolina Village Citizens Council in Khonobod town (coordinated geographical location: 40°48' East latitude. 73°00' North longitude.) located in eastern part of Andijan region. The climate of Khonobod town is subtropic, and consists of mountain ranges located in the area ~603 m above sea-level. The population of the town consists of 35181 people (there Uzbek, Kyrgyz nation representatives) (Khanabad//[Elec-tronic resource]. URL: https://ru.wikipedia.org/w/index. php?title=Khanabad (Uzbekistan)&oldid=9416420 Application date: 04/08/20180).
Generally accepted anthropometric research methods were used in the investigation [3, 76-79; 4, 107]. In the investigations we carried out the record of body weight (kg) value as one of the essential indicators of phyical development of primary school-children [5, 59-61; 6, 27] (7-11-year old children). Medical scale of weighing the children's body weight was carrie out by (TU9441-004-00226425-2005) [7, 10-336; 8, 455-458; 9, 30], i.e. the body weight of the tested pupil determined by weighing with medical scale without clothes except his underwer (determination degree of measuring is equal ± 100 g).
Statistical analysis. Data were analyzed by OriginPro v. 8.5 SR1 (EULA, USA). The taken results were mathematically
and statistically reworked by means of the following methods given by L. V. Denisova et al. (2008) [8, 455-458; 10, 5-312; 11, 7-127]. The results were given in M ± m form of results of experiments carried out in n times repeatability, and M expresses an average arithmetic value and m - value of mistake. Here, xaver means the sum of total elements towards its sum in statistic selection and in our experiment it was calculated by the following formula as (n) the ratio towards the number of experiments of obtained total sum x) in experiments:
I x
(1)
The average squared deviation (o) is calculated using the following formula, expressed as the square root of the dispersion value:
a =,
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X
Aypm. >
or a = \a
(3)
Also, the results of the experimental results were calculated on the basis of Student t - scores and thep < 0.05 values were evaluated statistically asp < 0.01. The distinction reliability level between the two experimental groups was calculated according to the Student criterion [12, 675-678]:
t =
+ m
Results and Discussion
In the general education schools where experiments were conducted, the physical characteristics of primary school pupils were characterized by a comparative characteristic of the level of body weight (kg) (Tabl. 1).
Tabl 1.- The body weight (kg) of primary school pupils (7-11 years old) in some schools of Andijan region of the Republic of Uzbekistan (M ± m)
n
n
Comprehensive school #17 located in Ulugnor district
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Anthropometric indicator Boys (n = 85) Girls (n = 79)
7 years old (n = 16) 8 years old (n = 21) 9 years old (n = 16) 10 years old (n = 17) 11 years old (n = 12) 7 years old (n = 16) 8 years old (n = 12) 9 years old (n = 19) 10 years old (n = 18) 11 years old (n = 14)
Body weight (kg) 20.4 ± 0.2 22.7 ± 0.2 24 ± 0.3* 25.7 ± 0.5** 27.4 ± 0.4** 18.5 ± 0.2 22 ± 0.2 23.1 ± 0.5* 24.7 ± 0.4** 25.4 ± 0.4**
Comprehensive school #26 located in Pakhtaobod district
Anthro- pometric indicator Boys (n = 90) Girls (n = 82)
7 years old (n = 16) 8 years old (n = 19) 9 years old (n = 11) 10 years old (n = 21) 11 years old (n = 23) 7 years old (n = 17) 8 years old (n = 16) 9 years old (n = 12) 10 years old (n = 24) 11 years old (n = 13)
Body weight (kg) 22.6 ± 0.1 24.5 ± 0.1 26.8 ± 0.2* 30.8 ± 0.4** 33.2 ± 0.3** 20.2 ± 0.1 22.8 ± 0.1 25.3 ± 0.4* 30.8 ± 0.3** 32.9 ± 0.3**
Comprehensive school #30 located in Markhamat district
Note: The degree of statistical reliability of the difference between the experimental group (7 years) relative to experimental groups (* -p < 0.05; **-p < 0.01)
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11
Anthropometric indicator Boys (n = 76) Girls (n = 88)
7 years old (n = 14) 8 years old (n = 18) 9 years old (n = 12) 10 years old (n = 13) 11 years old (n = 19) 7 years old (n = 11) 8 years old (n = 22) 9 years old (n = 17) 10 years old (n = 23) 11 years old (n = 15)
Body weight (kg) 23.4 ± 0.2 25.6 ± 0.2* 27.7 ± 0.3** 32.9 ± 0.3** 35.8 ± 0.4** 22.4 ± 0.2 23.6 ± 0.2 26.4 ± 0.3* 32.8 ± 0.5** 34.4 ± 0.4**
Comprehensive school #4 located in Andijan city
Anthro-pometric indicator Boys (n = 82) Girls (n = 78)
7 years old (n = 14) 8 years old (n = 12) 9 years old (n = 18) 10 years old (n = 20) 11 years old (n = 18) 7 years old (n = 16) 8 years old (n = 11) 9 years old (n = 17) 10 years old (n = 22) 11 years old (n = 12)
Body weight (kg) 22.9 ± 0.3 26.1 ± 0.3 27.3 ± 0.2** 31.7 ± 0.4** 35.6 ± 0.5** 23.2 ± 0.3 24.2 ± 0.3 25.9 ± 0.4* 33.1 ± 0.5** 34.6 ± 0.6**
Comprehensive school #5 located in Khonobod town
Anthro-pometric indicator Boys (n = 87) Girls (n = 84)
7 years old (n = 19) 8 years old (n = 14) 9 years old (n = 24) 10 years old (n = 13) 11 years old (n = 17) 7 years old (n = 14) 8 years old (n = 17) 9 years old (n = 18) 10 years old (n = 16) 11 years old (n = 19)
Body weight (kg) 26.5 ± 0.3 27.4 ± 0.2* 33.6 ± 0.3** 37.5 ± 0.5** 38.4 ± 0.4** 25.3 ± 0.2 24.4 ± 0.2 29.4 ± 0.5* 35 ± 0.4** 35.7 ± 0.4**
Thus, in comprehensive school #17, experiments show that the rate of growth of the body weight in boys, between ages 7-11 years old, makes 34.3% in total, in the 7-9 age group - 17.6%, and in the 9-11 age group this indicator is 14.2%. The rate of increase in body weight in girls aged 7-11 is 37.3%, it is 29.9% between the ages of 7-9 and 9.9% in the age group 9-11.
Also, in comprehensive school #26, the rate of growth of body weight in boys, in 7-11 age group, total 46.9%, between 18% of age 7-9 and the age range 9-11, this indicator is 23.8%. The rate of increase in body weight in girls aged 7-11 is 62.8%, especially in the 9-11 age group, and this figure is 30.1%. In comprehensive school #30, aggregate growth rate of boys in the 7-11 year age group is 52.9%, 18.4% in the age group 7-9 and 29.2% was calculated. The percentage of body weight in girls between the ages of 7 and 11 is 53.6%, 7-11 years - 17.9% and 30.3% in the 9-11 age group.
At next comprehensive school #4, the rate of growth of body weight in boys is 55.4% in the 7-11 age group, 19.2% in the 7-9 age group and 30.4% in the 9-11 age group was calculated. The rate of increase in body weight in girls aged 7-11 ranges from 49.1% in the range of 7-11 years to 11.6% in the range 9-11 years and it is 33.5%.
Also, in primary school #5, the rate of growth of body weight in boys aged 7-11 is 44.9% among boys aged 7-11, 26.8% in the age of 7-9, and 14-11 age group, and 3%. The rate of increase in body weight in girls aged 7-11 was 41.1%
in the range of 7 to 9 years and 16.2% between the ages of 7-9 and 21.4% in the 9-11 age group.
Based on the results of the experiments obtained, it can be seen that in primary school pupils the percentage of body weight (kg) in the age range 7-11 increases with linearity (Fig. 2 A, B).
In particular, the minimum/maximal values of body weight (kg) of pupils of elementary grades (7-11 years) in general secondary schools #17, #26, #30, #4, and #5 - respectively 20,4-27.4; 22.6-33.2; 23.4-35.8; 22.9-35.6 and 26.5-38.4 fluctuations.
In this view, legitimate differences can be attributed to the fact that the schools surveyed are located in different geographical and climatic zones. In this sequence, as shown in the mapping scheme of the Andijan region, general secondary schools #17, #26, #30, #4, and #5 are located at this altitude above sea level-desert (300 m above sea level) (at a height of ~400 m above sea level), Hill (at a height of ~400-600 m above sea level) and in Foothills (at a height of 1000 m above sea level). Particularly, this distinction can be clearly observed in secondary school #17 and general secondary school #17,
located in the desert area (7-11 years), in the body weight (kg) figures (Fig. 2).
The results of these experiments are generally in line with the available literature data. In particular, the morpho-func-tional growth and developmental processes in the human body during the childhood/adolescence are highly intensive,
which, in turn, is highly responsive to the effects of climate-geographical, ecological and social factors [13, 4]. In addition, the research shows that the value of physical development and
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Group of experiments (age)
A
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40
30
20
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0
—«- School #17
—o— School #26
—A— School #30
—■— School #4
— School #5
7 8 9 10
Group of experiments (age)
B
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Figure 2. Dynamics of variation in body weight (kg) values of primary school pupils in age range 7-11 years in secondary schools. A. Among boys. E. Among girls. * - p < 0.05, ** - p < 0.01
In some restrictions, the differences between the anthropometric parameters of the human organism in the climatic zones (altitude elevation) [15, 17-19; 16, 90-92], were identified that the body weight (kg) 2.2-2.6 times, the length of the neck (cm) 1.42-1.45 times higher than the normal average values in adult mountainous areas (7-17 years) are higher than 3000 m above sea level [16, 90-92].
Also, the study analyzes the dynamics of anthropometric indicators in the children aged 7 to 12 in the lowland (Kyr-gyz Republic). Specifically, it was found that children of 7-12 years of age in the low mountain region had relatively high body weight, height, and cervical spine values compared to the high mountain area [2, 3-22].
It should be noted that in our studies, the highest levels of body weight in primary school pupils (7-11 years) compared to other climatic and geographical areas analyzed in the mountaineering zone (1000 m above sea level) - is a mountain area of the foothill zone may be associated with the specific adaptation mechanism of the child's organism.
Also, it can be seen from the analysis of the results above that it is observed that the values of body weight (kg) in girls in primary school pupils (7-11 years) are significantly lower in the corresponding age range of boys. This can be explained by the gender-specific characteristics of anthropometric parameters in the human body. In particular, some researchers have identified anatomical anthropometric parameters (body weight, height, chest circumference) of the person in physiological age, gender, ethnicity, and age [17, 918-920].
In its turn, it is important to monitor the quality of life of children and adolescents taking into account climatic-geographical, demographic characteristics, implementation of complex diagnostics and the development of medical/social programs that envisage a healthy lifestyle [18, 3-22.].
Based on the above-mentioned numerical data analysis, it was noted that the overall rate of increase in the body weight (kg) of elementary school pupils and the growth rates in the age range of 7-9 years and 9-11 in general secondary schools (Fig. 3).
It was also noted that the rate of increase in body weight in boys between the ages of 7 and 11 was uniformly higher than the desert zone, the adjacent zone and the hilly zone, and then a significant decrease in the area of the foothills. The characteristic of this law is observed in the 9-11 age range of boys' growth in body weight, and in the age group 7-9, almost close to each other (Fig. 3 A).
In these general schools, the rate of growth of body weight in girls at the age of 7-11 is minimal - 37.3, maximal - 62.8, and average 48.8%. The value of this indicator is 7-9 years minimum - 11.6% and maximum - 29.9%, average - 20.7%, 9-11 years - 9.9% and maximal - 33.5 and the average value - 25.1%.
On the contrary, it was noted that the rates of increase in body weight in girls at the age of 7-11 will gradually increase in the transition from the desert zone to the adjacent area and then gradually decline in the foothill zone. It also found that the rate of increase in body weight in girls at the age of 7-11 was found to be relatively high in the 9-11 age group (Fig. 3 A).
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7-11
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A
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Figure 3. The rate of increase in the body weight (kg) index among primary school pupils at the age range 7-11 in the surveyed secondary schools. A. Among boys. E. Among girls. In particular, the overall growth rate of body weight in boys aged 7-11 of elementary grades of comprehensive schools # 17, # 26, #30, #4 and #5 is minimal - 34.3% and maximum - 55.4%, average - 46.8%. The value of this indicator is 7-9 years minimum - 17.6% and maximal - 26.8%, average - 20.1%, minimum 9-11 years - 14.2% and maximal - 30.4 and the average value - 22.4%
The results are generally in line with the current literature data. Specifically, the research showed that the infant mortality rate increased by 1.2 times in females and by 1.3 times in females in the mean age of children in the middle-aged region of the Kyrgyz Republic (7-12 years of age), as well as in children The intensive growth of weight was 9-12 years, and in girls it was 9, 11-12 years old.
The proportional identification of indicators of physical development has been shown to allow estimates of the rate of deviation ofchildren in the normal course ofdevelopment [19; 3-21].
Conclusion
Thus, based on the obtained data, it is possible to conclude that in the steppe, steppes, foothills and mountain cli-
matic zones, where the researches are conducted - secondary schools #17, #26, #30, #4 and #5 it was found that in the age group of 7-11 years old boys the percentage of body weight in primary school classes is relatively high (22.4%) at the age of 9-11 years. Also, the rate of growth of body weight in girls aged 7-11 is significantly higher than that of boys and makes up 25.1% in the 9-11 age group.
The results of the research are based on the differentiated approach to the impact of climate-geographical factors on the development of a standardized/normative anthropometric indicators (7-11 years), as well as in the development of a complex of medical/pedagogical correction and preventive measures of different characteristics.
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