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1Comparative assessment of management systems in the field of physical education and sports in the brics countries
UDC 796.06(100-77)
PhD TV. Dolmatova1
1Federal Science Center of Physical Culture and Sport (VNIIFK), Moscow
Corresponding author: [email protected]
Received by the editorial office on 15.05.2024
Abstract
Objective of the study was to conduct an assessment of the sports management system in the BRICS countries. Methods and structure of the study. As part of the scientific work, an institutional approach was used to study the organizational structure of government bodies implementing policies in the field of physical culture and sports in the BRICS countries, using the method of structural analysis, comparative analysis and generalization.
Results and conclusions. Using the example of the activities of government authorities in the field of sports, various approaches to organizing a management system in sports are shown using the example of the BRICS countries, where some countries implement the classical approach to management headed by the relevant government body in the field of physical culture and sports (Russian Federation, South Africa), and others, in addition, have specialized second-level departments that perform the role of specialized government agencies (Brazil, India, China). At the same time, within each of the identified models there are specific features of the organization of the management system in sports, which is due to the specifics of the regulatory system, socio-economic development and national culture of each country.
Keywords: management in the field of physical culture and sports, government authorities, state policy in the field of sports, BRICS countries.
Introduction. The development of sports is a key policy direction of most modern states. Research on the sports management system in the BRICS countries deserves close attention not only because up to 41% of the world's population live on their territory, providing a total of 35% of global GDP, but also because the development indicators of the sports sector of these countries remain very high. For many years, the Russian Federation and the People's Republic of China have maintained the status of leading countries in world Olympic sports, and the indicators of sports achievements of other BRICS countries also continue to gradually grow. Thus, Brazil took 12th place in the overall medal standings of the Games of the XXXII Olympiad 2020 in Tokyo, winning 21 medals, compared to 13th place and 19 medals won at the home Olympic Games in Rio de Janeiro, and India increased the
number of medals from 2 at the Games of the XXXI Olympiad in 2016 to 7 at the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in 2020 in Tokyo.
Objective of the study was to conduct an assessment of the sports management system in the BRICS countries.
Methods and structure of the study. As part of the scientific work, an institutional approach was used to study the organizational structure of government bodies implementing policies in the field of physical culture and sports in the BRICS countries, using the method of structural analysis, comparative analysis and generalization.
Taking into account that new members have joined the BRICS association since January 2024, it should be noted that the analysis of the sports governance structure in this article is presented on the basis of the
public policies of the five traditional BRICS members: Brazil, the Russian Federation (RF), India, the People's Republic of China Republic (PRC) and the People's Republic of South Africa (South Africa).
Results of the study and discussion. The development of physical culture and sports is a traditionally important direction of Russian state policy, which is designated as a priority goal of the Strategy for the Development of Physical Culture and Sports in the Russian Federation for the period until 2030 [3]. The target indicator is to increase the proportion of citizens systematically involved in physical culture and sports to 70%, as outlined in the Presidential Decree "On National Development Goals" for the period until 2030 [4]. This task sets the vector for the development of the country's sports industry in the coming years, determining the need to improve the implemented state policy in the field of physical culture and sports at the federal, regional and municipal levels [1]. The management system in the field of sports is based on coordination of the activities of the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation as the leading federal executive body in the field of physical culture and sports with the All-Russian Union of Public Associations "Russian Olympic Committee", public organizations "Russian Paralympic Committee" and "Russian Deaflympic Committee", their regional branches, all-Russian sports federations, non-profit and public organizations. At the regional level, policy in the field of physical culture and sports is carried out by the federal executive authorities of the constituent entities of the Russian Federation, represented by relevant ministries (departments, committees) for sports affairs, and at the municipal level - by specialized committees and departments in the structure of municipal administrations.
A largely similar model with the central role of the state executive body in the field of sports operates in all BRICS member countries. Thus, in the People's Republic of China, policy in the field of sports is carried out by the General State Administration for Physical Culture and Sports, operating within the structure of the State Council of the People's Republic of China, in Brazil - the Ministry of Sports, while in India and South Africa it is supervised by ministries for related issues - the Ministry of Affairs Youth and Sports of India and the Ministry of Sports, Arts and Culture of South Africa, respectively.
It should be noted, however, that in Brazil and India, in addition to the relevant government body in the field of sports - the Ministry of Sports of Brazil and the Ministry of Youth and Sports of India - there are also special gov-
ernment agencies that act as a link between the relevant government body and the national sports movement.
Such a body is the National Sports Council of Brazil (Conselho Nacional do Esporte), an institution subordinate to the Brazilian Ministry of Sports, created in 2002 [5]. This is a collegial advisory body consisting of 22 members appointed by the Minister of Sports, who heads this Council. The National Council is authorized to develop key regulatory documents in the field of sports. Thus, in 2005, the Council developed the National Sports Policy, the goals of which are to provide the right to engage in physical activity and mass sports, as well as elite sports, in the context of considering sports as a tool of social integration [7].
India, like Brazil, has a two-tier system of government. Moreover, if the first level of government in the field of sports is represented by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of India, within which there is a specialized Department of Sports, then the second level is represented by the Sports Authority of India (SAI), established by the Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports as a subordinate organization directly subordinate to the Department of Sports, Ministry of Youth Affairs and Sports of India.
The Sports Authority is also a collegial body, which consists of 36 members (as of 2024), appointed by the Minister of Youth and Sports [8]. Being subordinate to the Ministry, the department receives state funding from the federal budget, and at the same time has the right to conduct extra-budgetary activities within the framework of its powers. As in Brazil, the Sports Authority of India participated in the formulation of the National Sports Policy of 1984, which became the first regulatory document that laid the foundation for the formation of the current system of sports governance in the country, and later the National Sports Policy of 2001 [6].
To a certain extent, the management system in the field of sports of the PRC can also be attributed to this two-level model, since under the auspices of the Main State Administration for Physical Culture and Sports the All-China Sports Federation has been operating since 1952, which was in many ways the ancestor of the Olympic Committee of the PRC, which subsequently separated and became independent and an independent organization in 1979. The All-China Sports Federation continued its activities as a subordinate organization of the General State Administration for Physical Culture and Sports, ensuring interaction between the ruling Communist Party, the government and the national sports movement of the PRC. Along with the Main State Administration, the Federation
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takes an active part in the process of developing strategies for the development of sports, and also provides consultations and represents the interests of the government in the decision-making process on issues in the field of sports policy [2].
In South Africa, in accordance with the national Law on Sports and Recreation of 1998, the Ministry of Sports, Arts and Culture, which is part of the government of the country, operates [9]. In the absence of a system of subordinate institutions, the Ministry works closely with the South African Sports Confederation and Olympic Committee, providing in fact direct government funding from the federal budget and the national lottery. The committee, in turn, distributes this funding among national federations by sport.
In Russia, the sports management system is represented by the Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation as a government body, which has a number of subordinate organizations. At the same time, in addition to the ministry, the role of a collegial body participating in the process of developing policy in the field of physical education and sports is the Public Council, consisting of 24 members, which participates in the development of draft documents, which are subsequently sent for approval to the Ministry of Sports of Russia, as well as exercises public control over the activities of the ministry.
Сonclusions. It should be noted that in the BRICS countries, in addition to the relevant government bodies, there is an extensive system of governing bodies, often represented by subordinate government organizations performing the functions of agencies: the All-China Sports Federation in the PRC, the Sports Administration in India, the National Sports Council of Brazil, and a number of subordinate institutions Ministry of Sports of the Russian Federation, which ensures delegation of powers to the relevant government body and promotes closer interaction with public sports organizations of these countries, including national sports federations.
The similarity in the regulation of the sports industry in Brazil, India and China is that they have a two-level system of organizing management in the field of sports, while domestic experience, as well as the experience of South Africa (and a number of countries in Europe and Asia), shows a traditional a classic approach to management in the field of sports with the central role of the government body in the field of sports and a system of subordinate organizations, without the allocation of specialized second-level de-
partments with the status of government agencies.
The work was carried out within the framework of the state assignment of the Federal Scientific Center VNIIFK No. 777-00001-24-00 (subject code No. 001-23/3). References
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