CC BY
9
Asadova A. O.
PhD doctorant
"Silk Road" International University of Tourism and Cultural Heritage
Norkulova D.Z., PhD associate professor department "Tourism" Samarkand State Institute of Economics and Service
CLASSIFICATION OF NOSTALGIC TOURISM
Abstract: this article presents the essence of nostalgic tourism, the level of research, the opinions of scientists, the types of nostalgic tourism by classification, their essence and significance of nostalgic tourism, as well as evidence-based proposals recommended for implementation in this field.
Key words: nostalgia, nostalgic tourism, retro, classification, destinative nostalgic tourism, visiting relatives, cultural heritage, character nostalgic tourism, gastronomic nostalgic tourism.
Introduction:
In the 30 years since independence in Uzbekistan, tourism has developed rapidly and has become one of the main sectors of the economy. In the last 5 years, special attention has been paid to tourism, target types of tourism and programs for the formation of tourism based on the existing tourism potential in the regions have been developed. This, in turn, made it possible to effectively organize local tourism and develop new types of tourism. Today, there are about 100 types of tourism in the world, and in the conditions of innovative development, new types get their name every day. Nostalgic tourism is also one of the types of tourism with an almost new name. Until now, nostalgic tourism has been developed within the existing various forms of tourism (recreational, event, pilgrimage, film tourism, ethno-tourism).
Constant migration in the world, people change their place of residence for various reasons, affects their psyche and psychological state. As a result, people fall into a state of various stresses, depressions, depressions, permanent illnesses. The main reason for this is the constant recall of memories, longing, recollection of past moments. It is in such a process that the best choice is to travel along with a permanent memory. But until today, travel for these purposes has not been formed as a separate type of tourism and is generally not considered as ethnotourism. But when analyzing the goals of tourism participants, it turned out that tourists who came to their relatives, places of birth and recreation did not come for the purpose of ethno-tourism, but precisely for the purpose of "nostalgic tourism". At the moment, it is necessary to separately study the concepts of " nostalgia" and "nostalgic tourism".
Nostalgic tourism is one of the new emerging types of tourism in the world. Nostalgic tourism is the result of migrants traveling to places where they and their close relatives lived. This type of tourism began to develop in the 1980s and 1990s with the emergence of small sovereign states in the countries of Central and Eastern Europe 1.
Experts estimate that every 10th trip around the world is made for nostalgic tourist motives. Today, about 3 percent of the world 's population has changed their country of birth. In the next 10 years, migration also developed strongly, people are constantly changing addresses.
Analysis of literature on the topic:
The concept of "nostalgic tourism" has not yet become popular in Western countries, such scientists as N.V. Savina, L.I. Egorenkov, A.O. Kolsova defined it in their scientific papers and reported the results of their analysis of its development and participants. N. V. Savina considers nostalgic tourism to be one of the types of familiarization tourism, while L.I. Egorenkov visits places where people were born, lived, spent their childhood and are connected with their origins, and A.O. definitions. However, these definitions did not fully cover the essence of nostalgic tourism. As a result, all analyzes were studied and a single definition was developed.
Research Methodology:
The study analyzes the origin, formation and level of knowledge of nostalgic tourism today, the existing possibilities and classification, its specific aspects.
The method of comparative analysis was used for the purpose of in-depth analysis of the problem, development of scientific conclusions and recommendations, comparative analysis, observation and analysis of scientific works based on public services in foreign and domestic scientific publications.
Analysis and result:
The word nostalgia comes from the ancient Greek language "nosteo" -"return", "algos" - "pain, pain" 2. Homesickness is interpreted as an illness caused by homesickness. The word " nostalgia " first appeared in Western countries. With a direct translation into Uzbek, the meanings "bury", "skip" appear. The Annotated Dictionary of the Uzbek Language 3and the National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan 4use the word nostalgia to explain the word komsash. Homesickness is a mental condition that occurs in people who are separated from their homeland, homeland, loved ones (persons) or things for life or temporarily. Dependence is observed in infants and young children in the
1 https ://studwood. ru/1022218/turizm/nostalgicheskiy_turizm
2https ://psychology. academic.ru/5502/ nostalgia
3"Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language: more than 80,000 words and phrases. Yu. V. Shukron - H / Editorial Commission: T. Mirzaev (head) and others; Faculty of Language and Literature of the Republic of Uzbekistan. - T .: "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" GNIZ, 2008. 407 pages.
4National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Volume 11. Kyzylkumit-Ormuz. Editorial board: A. Azizho'dzhaev, B. Alimov, M. Aminov and others. T .: "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" GNIZ, 2005. P. 183.
form of drunkenness towards parents and acquaintances, and in older people in the form of nostalgia for the homeland, certain periods and events of a past life. But the word " addition " does not reveal the full meaning of the word "nostalgia". Because these words have been perfected over the years and are used to describe various events, objects and feelings: "remembrance", "longing", "remembrance", "childhood", "remembrance", "about" the past, "history"., "time" and others. Therefore, it is necessary to develop nostalgic tourism in Uzbekistan, keep its separate statistics, provide special privileges to those who travel for the sake of nostalgia, create a new set of tourist services, and increase individual, custom tours.
a certain ethnic group of the population, their way of life, cultural identity and other important aspects. The study of the origin of the population, its history continues. Nostalgic tourism allows tourists to find their loved ones or long lost relatives in other countries 5.
There are resources for every type of travel destination. Nostalgic tourism resources are a collection of all objects that serve the participants of nostalgic tourism to visit, use, relax and without stress, achieve a positive result during the trip.
During the years of various dynastic disputes, wars, repressions and wars, people in Uzbekistan were forced to leave their homeland and go to other countries. Their descendants still live there. Many people dream of visiting the lands where their ancestors lived and where they spent their childhood. The development of nostalgic tourism makes it possible to create benefits for such people, ensure their purposeful and safe arrival in our country, and also create special tours for such situations by travel agencies. In addition, more than 1 million internally displaced persons were brought to our country during the war, 6200 thousand of them were children, and more than 1.5 million left our country for the war. During the war years, many of our compatriots went to settle in other countries and did not return. Those who survived the war remained in these countries or were considered missing. After gaining independence, the resumption of interstate cooperation made it possible for our compatriots who could not return, having left far beyond the borders of their country, to return to their homeland. But a radical change of cities, a change of place names gives such people a lot of inconvenience. In such a situation, the development of nostalgic tourism will prevent possible problems, create new tourism products in travel agencies, form new types of destination tourism, improve infrastructure in remote areas, and expand ties between peoples. For information, it is worth saying that Uzbek diasporas living abroad can be found in all countries of the world. Objects and directions in the area of their residence are named after the
5https ://ar-da.ru/aktivnyj -otdyh
6Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan "On measures to publish a book album dedicated to the worthy contribution of the people of Uzbekistan to the victory over fascism in World War II." Tashkent. "Uzbekistan" 2020.
cities of Uzbekistan, for example, "13 Bukhara Street" in the United Arab Emirates, "Samarkand Restaurant" in Philadelphia, the most populous city in Pennsylvania, USA and many others. other examples.. Creating conditions for people in Uzbekistan opens the way for many tourist flows.
Nostalgic tourism are divided into two:
1. Resources related to a person and his activities. Relatives, friends, colleagues, celebrities and diaspora.
2. Resources of natural and cultural heritage.
Classification of nostalgic tourism
By geographic direction International nostalgic tourism Regional nostalgic tourism Domestic nostalgic tourism
According to the purpose and sources of attraction Addressed to nostalgic tourism; Nostalgic tourism visiting relatives; Event nostalgic tourism (events) Nostalgic tourism for cultural heritage sites (tangible and intangible) Ritual nostalgic tourism (Ritual) Nostalgic tourism related to the characters Gastronomic nostalgic tourism
Term In the near future Medium _ long term
Organizational form 1. Not organized 2. Organized
classification of nostalgic tourism according to its geographical direction, it is taken into account that tourists can engage in nostalgic tourism in all countries with tourism on a global scale. Travelers carry out nostalgic tourism (at least 24 hours, not more than 1 year) without engaging in paid activities outside their place of residence (at least 24 hours, not more than 1 year).
According to scientists who have conducted scientific research on nostalgic tourism, retrotourism is classified according to its purpose and attractive objects as follows:
Nostalgic tourism with address. Analyzing on the basis of the definition of nostalgic tourism given by N. V. Savina, foreign tourists themselves were born, lived, received education or were of great importance to them. The desire to visit certain areas encourages people to engage in nostalgic tourism.
Nostalgic tourism visiting relatives. Leaving the country from the place of permanent residence for work, study and other reasons, as well as changing the place of permanent residence, forces people to move away from relatives, friends and brothers. Diasporas are people who are far from their homeland, but have high love for it. Diasporas miss their loved ones, their homeland, live
nearby and try to visit them as soon as possible. That is why they are the main participants in nostalgic tourism.
Actual nostalgic tourism. Every place on Earth has witnessed thousands of historical events or events over the centuries. Historical and architectural objects that remind people of childhood, the past, are associated with rituals and events, are popular with people through historical evidence and word of mouth, and attract participants in nostalgic tourism. Such items embody history and events and serve as the primary means of enlivening memory. For example, castles and palaces shown in movies and known to everyone according to different legends. The magnificent painted castle from the cartoon "Sleeping Princess" is actually Fussen Palace in the German town of Bavaria. Thousands of tourists visit this palace, which is known throughout the world thanks to cartoons. This also includes visits to filming locations of popular films and series, festivals, weddings and funerals, war and peace, and image-related events and locations.
Nostalgic tourism for cultural heritage sites:
Inspection of material objects of cultural heritage. Archeology, architecture, monumental monuments, sights - this is a heritage that has witnessed centuries of history, the past of many peoples, war and peace. Nostalgic travelers come to see these cultural heritage sites, to witness history, remember the past, get to know the architecture and monumental monuments and witness their awe. It should be taken into account that the tangible cultural heritage is the main tool for revitalizing past impressions by referring to history.
Objects of intangible cultural heritage: customs and traditions, folklore, music and dances. According to statistics, most tourists travel to get acquainted with the standard of living of the population, get acquainted with customs and traditions. Representatives of more than 130 nationalities and peoples live in Uzbekistan. They have their own customs, traditions, national songs and dances and other distinctive features. It is these simple aspects that make up the elements of nostalgic tourism.
Ritual nostalgic tourism. During the First and Second World Wars, many people were sent to the battlefields in other countries. Some of them returned from those places, and some died there. Many people left their country along with family members. However, those who visit the graves of their relatives and other relatives and pray for the rights of the departed are the majority today.
Characteristically - nostalgic tourism is visiting, meeting, communicating, getting autographs, photographs of movie stars in the style of "retro-notalgia", music and dance performers who have been performing for 1020 years, athletes who have become legends. A trip means visiting the houses in which they lived, visiting museums named after them. Basically, a person or an image is the main subject.
Gastronomic nostalgic tourism. The uneven distribution of the relief of the globe affects the purity of air, water and various fruits and vegetables, and even the taste characteristics of food, and ensures the unique taste of food in
these countries, the uniqueness of national dishes. In order to be gastronomic-nostalgic tourism, the target food must be prepared in its national space, according to a national recipe, saturated with local water and air.
acquaintance with nostalgic tourist resources, their vision, hearing, satisfaction of needs covers the period from one day to one year. This period can be divided into short-term (from 1-12 days), medium-term (from 1-3 months) and long-term (from 6 months to 1 year). Nostalgic tourism is possible. For example, today those who come to visit their relatives stay an average of 4-5 days and engage in short-term nostalgic tourism.
Nostalgic tourist tours in most cases are not organized in advance. Participants freely organize a trip according to their goals, travel to desired places and inspect objects. Nostalgic tourism is based mainly on emotions, impressions and imagination, so people go on a journey of their own accord. It goes in interesting, attractive directions. In addition, tourists visiting their relatives hardly use tourism products.
nostalgic tourism are developed to order with the help of travel companies and tour operators.
Conclusions and suggestions:
Uzbekistan has a high potential for the development of nostalgic tourism, and it is time to include tourism as a separate type of science. Because in the leading countries of the world nostalgic tourism has formed as a separate tourism. In this regard, the formation of tours is carried out by individual travel agencies and organizations.
The following recommendations are given for the development of nostalgic tourism and its development as a separate type of tourism:
1. Inclusion in textbooks of the concept of "nostalgic tourism" as one of the types of tourism destinations;
2. Popularization of the concept of "nostalgic tourism";
3. Submission of the classification of nostalgic tourism to the ministry and travel companies;
4. tourism statistics, it is appropriate to call the phrase "those who came to visit their relatives" "participants of nostalgic tourism";
5. Creating separate air tickets for the Uzbek diasporas, ensuring their arrival and departure to our country is cheaper than others;
6. Using the database available in the regions, to determine separately the regions where representatives of the fraternal people live, to accept tourists who are interested in such regions;
7. Formation of information about the families of those who went to war and were considered the main ones in travel companies in the field;
8. new travel packages need to add interesting, historically significant places, organize separate tours for nostalgic tourism.
References:
1. Explanatory dictionary of the Uzbek language: more than 80,000 words and phrases. Yu. V. Shukron -X / Editorial life: T. Mirzaev (supervisor) and others; Institute of Language and Literature of the Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan. - T.: "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" GNIZ, 2008. 407 pages.
2. Illustrated Dictionary of Psychology. I. _ M. _ Kondakov. Moscow 2003. https:// books. google. ru / books ? id =04 pA 60 aYlkEC & pg = PA 462& dq =slovak+medicinskix+nostalgia& hl = ru & sa = X & ved =0 ahUKEwi 8 keyw 4 L 7 kAhXCxIsKHSA 5 DSIQ 6 AEIRDAE # v = onepage & q =nostalgia& f = lies, Psychology. Illustrated Dictionary. - ALMA Media Group. - S. 238. - 508 p. - ISBN 9785938780934.
3. psychological dictionary _ I. _ M. _ Kondakov. 2000. https://psychology.academic.ru/5502/nostalgiya
4. National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan. Volume 11. Kyzylkumit -Ormuz. From the editor: A. Azizhodzhaev, B. Alimov, M. Aminov and others. T.: "National Encyclopedia of Uzbekistan" GNIZ, 2005. P. 183.
5. L.I. Egorenkov "Introduction to technology and tourism". M.: Finance and statistics. 2009. - 153 p.
6. According to the state statistics of the Republic of Uzbekistan. https://stat.uz/uz/matbuot-markazi/qo-mita-yangilikar
7. https://lex.uz/acts/25461 - official information of the portal.
8. https://darakchi.uz/uz/152070 - information
9. http://jahon.uz/6317/ - based on statistical data.
