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CHALLENGES IN TRANSLATING TERMINOLOGY Sultonova S.N.
Sultonova Saida Nuriddinovna - Teacher, FACULTY OF TRANSLATION THEORY AND PRACTICE, UZBEK STATE WORLD LANGUAGES UNIVERSITY TASHKENT, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article author cited some major factors that should be considered while translating the texts having specific terminology. Author claims that for establishing accurate translation, the translator has to possess the background information about source and target languages.
Keywords: translation, LSP, technolects, ontological, logical, technical.
UDK 81
Text translation may seem like an easy task by being provided with all the resources at hand, but when every aspect of the trade is taken into account, this view changes. Dictionaries and the Internet are helpful, however can take you so far. Being able to present a translation that is true to the source text, accurate and precise, and that also brings the intended meaning over to the target text is not an easy feat. According to Ingo language for specific purposes (LSP) is a result of more specialized knowledge in a wide range of subject fields such as law, trade and communication. Special language developed since there was a need for professionals to be able to communicate on different levels of specialization and in different contexts [2. p. 83]. Ingo also points to the fact that LSP within technology is especially complex and further divided into various technolects, covering more specific areas like building and electronics. Ingo also emphasizes that in special language, or terminology, the term in question describes a concept, usually a reference to something outside the language such as a product or a mechanical part [2. p. 101].
Ingo claims that there are different systems that may be used to establish the correct term for the translation at hand. The logical system is based on similarities between concepts such as fluid - beverage - tea, where all levels have qualities in common. The ontological system is instead based on relations in time or place such as lamp - light bulb and thus describes parts of a whole. These structural systems can generate either hierarchical diagrams or systematic lists, which enable the translator to establish the correct corresponding term by comparing the levels on which the terms exist.
By its own way terminology can be divided into different levels of specialization depending on situation and user. The highest level would be that at which communication takes place between experts, and the lowest level when information is aimed at a layman.
Scientific and technical industries are booming and together with the explosion is the faster rate of creation of new terminology. Aside from the speed of new terminology creation, the translator has to discern if the phrase or term has a differently recorded name in other parts of the world that would make it difficult for simple word translation. These difficulties can be observed in technical translation which involves specific language used in different field of life. Technical translators have to deal with documents that are usually written in a different style in other languages. For an effective translation, it is not always possible to just recreate the formatting and style of the source document. Technical translation requires accuracy and precision, unlike doing translation of literature. What is important in technical translation is the preservation of the document's technical content. If it is an assembly manual, the user of the translated document must be able to follow the specific instructions and assemble a product exactly in the same way a person reading the manual in its original text would do it.
The translator should be aware of the client's official vocabularies and style guides. Text length is one of the major problems, as this applies to the written target languages, since the
same idea when expressed in other languages would not have the same number of characters or words. English words would be about 30 percent longer when translated into German, Italian or French. This could affect the number of pages of a manual or even its present layout, which could affect printing costs.
In the nutshell all challenges can be prevented from their effects to the process of translation if the factors of translating are taken into consideration. Every communication contains the text and the purpose of the translator is to deliver this or that text to the target recipient in the language he understands. It can be verbal, nonverbal or even in written form. By taking into account the fact that the source language differs from target language, the translator should be aware of specific terminology used in both languages. In contrast if the translator omits this factor the precise completion will not be expected. So this moment requires from the translator having the background knowledge of target and source languages.
References
1. Cabré M. Teresa, 1999. Terminology. Philadelphia. PA. USA: John Benjamins Publishing Company. Elibrary. Print. P. 78-110.
2. Ingo Rune, 2007. Konsten att oversatta. Lund: Studentlitteratur. 258 p.
3. Rashidov A.S. Interpretation and its peculiar features in communication // Nauchny'y jurnal. № 5 (18), 2017. C. 71.
4. Ho'janova M.I., Muyassarov B.K. The ways of improving the writing skills of the students of non-philological faculty // Nauchny'y jurnal. № 5 (18), 2017. C. 75.
5. Mamatkulova B.R. Kontsept «ognya» i protsess ego izucheniya v istorii // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 39.
6. Bаzаrova L.B. Learning foreign language through reading // Nauka i obrazovanie segodnya. № 5 (16), 2017. S. 40.
PERCEPTIONS OF STRESS AND THE WAYS IN WHICH GRADUATE STUDENTS DEALT WITH STRESS IN THE USA AND UZBEKISTAN INSTITUTES Kaharova M.B.
Kaharova Madina Bakhodirovna - English language Instructor,
FOREIGN LANGUAGES DEPARTMENT, BUKHARA ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: in this article the research about stressors for graduate students, it's affects on students' life, solutions and essential further research project questions has been conducted and analyzed. Point of views of international educators, students' stress coping strategies and the comparisons has been put forward as a food for thought for designing further surveys.
Keywords: stress, counseling, educational programs, designing, international education.
In this article, I would like to address to how to conduct research issues and stress, overcoming stress strategies and other aspects of the topic. I have done research with SIT (USA) and BuxMTI (Uzbekistan) students surveyed them online about their study period. Reviewing the Literature: Coping Strategies: Misra, R., & McKean, M. (2000) [1, 2] book state that academic stress is negatively correlated with time management and leisure satisfaction. Time management is shown to buffer against stress, which supports other research indicating that feeling in control of a situation. Moreover, Dusselier et al. (2005)
