Cession of territory in modem International Law Текст научной статьи по специальности «Политологические науки»

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'îiïûmpmnàp- dwiîwûwliwlipg lîppwqquijpG ppmi[m(ip, ghupm, uiwpwâpûhp qppbl, lupqp uimpmâ-pmjpfi i/hâ'hp, UTJi-p lîppwqquijpG qmmmpmû:

SmpmipmjÇQ ^n^nËnipjniQQbpÇQ ibpmpb-pnq hmpgbpp ^mmùnipjmQ nqç pQpmgpniù qmu^bi bQ ùÇçmqqmjÇQ hmpmpbpnipjniQQbpÇ mnm^bi pmpq U iÇfimhmpmjg ËQqÇpQbpÇ PÎÇQ, pmQÇ np mmpmipp n^ ùÇmjQ ^bmnipjmQ mnmQgpmjÇQ hmmïmQÇ2QbpÇg t, mji QmU Qpm ÇQpQÇ2ËmQni-pjmQ U hqnpnipjmQ ïmpbnpmqnijQ qpm^mïmQp:

QÇçniûp (gbuÇmQ) ùÇçmqqmjÇQ hmùmdmj-QmqpÇ nidni mmpmipÇ mQgniùQ t ùbï ^bmnipjni-QÇg ùjniuÇQ: SbuÇmQ' np^bu mmpmipÇ Qïmm-ùmùp mÇmqnuÇ dbnp pbpùmQ hÇùp, qnjnipjniQ t ni-Qbgbi qmpbp 2mpniQmï: Ujumbq hmpï t Q2»l, np qbn 20-pq qmpÇ uïqpniù ^mmbpmqùp hmùmpiniù tp ^bmnipjniQQbpÇ ÇQpQÇ2ËmQ Çpm^niQpp U ^mumnpbQ mmpmipÇ Qïmmùmùp mÇmqnuÇ dbnp-pbpùmQ mpqjniQm^bm bqmQmïQbpÇg ùbïp. qmum-ÏmQ ùÇçmqqmjÇQ ÇpminiQpniù gbuÇmQ hmùmp-Îniù tp ËmqmqnipjmQ ^mjùmQmqpbpÇ mQomm-pb(Ç Ùmu, bpp ^mmbpmqùniù ^mpmnipjniQ ïpmi ^bmnipjniQp hmpïmqpimi tp qÇçbi mmpmipQbp: ^mûmQm^mïÇg ùÇçmqqmjÇQ Çpm^niQpp, um-

ÏmjQ, mpqbiniû t ^mmbpmqùp" np^bu mmpmipÇ

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Gljiuuiûïuû'p uijiuiqnuji dbnppbpûuiG hjiûp : UjuiqbiT UÇçmqqmjÇQ hmpmpbpnipjniQQbpniù nidÇ uqmn-QmiÇpÇg Ïmù nidÇ qnp&mqpniùÇg hpmdmpib^ni ib-pmpbpjmÉ uïqpniQpÇ mpqjniQm^bmnipjmQ pmpd-pmgùmQ ^bpmpbpjm^ 1987p. hn^m^mqpÇ hmùm-dmjQ. «n^ nidÇ u^mnQmiÇpni Ïmù qpm ïÇpmn-ùmùp mmpm&pmjÇQ dbnppbpniûQbpp U n^ ¿é mm-pm&pÇ pnQmqmipniùQ nidÇ u^mnQmi^pn^ Ïmù qnp&mqpûmûp, np mbqÇ bQ niQbQniû' ËmËmbini

ûÇçmqqmjÇQ Çpm^niQpp, ¿bQ fimQm^^Ç opÇQm^mQ

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dbnppbpniûûbp» :

UÇçmqqmjÇQ Çpm^niQpp gbuÇmjÇ Çpm^m-

QmgùmQ npUt ïnQïpbm dU ¿Ç umhùmQniù, um^mjQ m^Qhmjm t, np gbuÇmQ Ïmpnq t U ^bmp t mbqÇ ni-QbQm ùÇùÇmjQ Qbpqpm^^mi ^bmnipjniQQbpÇ Ç2-ËmQnipjniQQbpÇ iÇm^mmmp hmùmdmjQnipjmùp: ^mgÇ mjq, gbuÇmQ dbnp t pbpniù Çpm^mpmQm-ÏmQ nid' ùÇmjQ mmpmipp ^mummgÇ ^n^mQgb-ini, bpp ibpmQniù t mijmi_ mmpmipÇ U gbuÇm Çpm^mQmgQnq (qÇçnq) ^bmnipjmQ ùÇçU pmqm-pm^mQ Ïm^p:

bpp Ënuniù bQp ûÇçmqqmjÇQ hmûmdmjQmqpÇ ùÇçngni mmpmipp qÇçbini ùmuÇQ, Ënupp ùÇmjQ qpm^np ^mjûmQmqpbpÇ ùmuÇQ ¿t: Uju^bu, ÇQ¿-^bu Q2λé t' ûÇçmqqmjÇQ hmùmdmjQnipjniQp Ïm-pnq t mpmmhmjmibi QmU pmQm^np, pmQÇ np ÙÇ-çmqqmjÇQ Çpm^niQpp bimïbmmjÇQ t hmùmpniù ^bmnipjniQQbpÇ ùmmqpnipjniQp, Ïmùpp (intention), mji n¿ pb qpm mpmmhmjmùmQ dUp: U^biÇQ' mjQ ¿Ç umhùmQniù ùmmqpnipjmQ, ïmùpÇ mpmmhmjmùmQ ïnQïpbm dUbp. ^bmnipjniQQbpQ mqmm

bQ pQmpbini qpm qpuUnpùmQ dUp' ^mjùmQn^, np

3

limûmpmmhmjmnipjniûp i]iG]i mljQhmjm : I^ulj mhm, ^bqpm ^pmQïm/^niimni Pmmni ^nimbh ÏqqjmïÇ, UÇçmQïjmi dmjnbpÇ U Ampm^mjÇQ umnpçpjm dmjnÇ Qïmmùmùp ÇQpQÇ2ËmQnipjmQ Îbpmpbpjmi qnp&niù' UÇçmqqmjÇQ qmmmpmQp hummïnpbQ Q2bg, np mmpmipp qÇçbini ibpmpbp-

jmi ^bmnipjmQ hmùmdmjQnipjniQp Ïmpnq t LÇQbp 4

GuiIl puiQuii|iip , uuiljuijQ, qm iqbmp t Ltiûji hpmiqm-pmïmjÇQ U mQbpïpm:

Uju mnniùni hbmmppppmïmQ t ^niÇiÇmjÇ U âÇlÇÇ ùÇçU ibfip, npp 2013p. m^pÇiÇQ ^niÇ^ÇmQ hmûdûbg mUi-|i UfigmqqmjJiû qmmmpmûji pûûni-pjmûp : 1879p. 3]ii]iG pnûmqmi|pbL tp i-ii|fii-|fnuj|i mmpmipÇ ÙÇ ùmup' qpïbini QpmQ Êmqmq oiïÇm-

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Gnu bigtg: 1904p. £nititmG b QtLfrG umnpmqpbi bG ^mjtfmGmqtp, npt hmtfmdmjG' £nititmG 6mGm-¿bg Qtitt tGgt2^mGnipjniGp pnGmqmipmi mm-pmigGbpt G^mmimip: ^bmmqm mmptGbptG, um-^mjG, £nititmG ^mm^bu hmpg tp pmpdpmgpnitf Qtitt ^nq^tg ^nititmjtG ^mqmq o^^^mGnu big mpmtfmqpbini ^bpmpbpjmp Qtitt ^m2mnGjmGbpG ¿L ^nummGni^ ttG hmpgtG iniinitf mmini npUt pm-Gmdb qmGbi, um^mjG hmpgG mGpGqhmm dqdq^nitf tp: U^bi^G' 2011p. £nitifrmjt Gm^mqmht ^p^tG hG^bgpmi ^mhmGgGbptG t qmmmu^mG' QtltG hmjmmpmpbg, np £nititmG npbt tpm^m^mG ht^g ¿niGt' qb^t ^mqmq o^^^mGnu big ^mhmGgbini hmtfmp, b tGgp npbt mmpmig ¿t qtgbini GpmG: 4m-^mnm^ Qtltt, um^mjG, £nititmG ^Gqnitf t, np Qt-itG ^mpmm^np t pmGm^gbi mju hmpgt 2nipg b big qtgbL qb^t ^mqmq o^^^mGnu. mjq qmpmm^m-GnipjniGp, pum £nititmjt, pmq^tgu hmummmbi bG Qtitt' mmppbp mmptGbpt ^m2mnGjmGbp: Uju-^bu, £nititmG ^Gqnitf t, np qb^t o^^tmGnu bigt pmgm^mjnipjniGp Lnipg ^^pGqnm t tp bp^pt mG-mbum^mG b ungtmim^mG qmpqmgtfmG hmtfmp. ^nititmG ^mp^mfr t mnbmpmjtG ^mpbnp niqtGb-ptg, ^2mm^bu ^m^im&nipjmG tfbg t frn^bqp niGb-gnq ^bmnipjniGGbptg: ^b mpqjn±g ^mmmpmGp ^6mGm¿t Qtltt ^mpmm^mGnipjniGp' pmGm^gbini ^nititmjtG hbm mjq hmpgt 2nipg, gnijg ^mm dm-tfmGm^p: ^t^Lni UtgmqmjtG qmmmpmG" £nit-itmG hniju niGt t ibpgn hmuGbini mpqmpnipjmG b ibpmqmpdGbini 2nipg 140 mmpt mnmg ^npgpmfr

in^bqpjm hmm^m&p: 2015p. tfmjtut 4-tG ^mmm-

6

puiQp uljubc] uiju qnp&Ji pinuIGbpp :

t G2»l, np ¿tgmqqmjtG qmmm^mG ^pm^mt^mjnitf gbutmjt 2nipg ibfibpp ht^Gm^m-Gnitf ^bpmpbpnitf bG mmpmigp ^n^mGgnq ^bmni-pjmG mtmqnutG b gbutmjt ht^gnitf pG^mfr ¿tgmq-qmjtG ^mj^mGmqpt tpm^mpmGm^mG nidt httf-GminpiminipjmGp: UmuGminpm^bu, un^npnipm-jtG ^tgmqqmjtG tpm^niGgt hmtfmdmjG' ^bmni-pjniGGbpp ^mpnq bG ^n^mGgbi ^mtf qtgbL ¿tmjG mjG mmpmigp, npt G^mmdmip tpbGg niGbG Lfrmp-£| dbg mtmqnu (good title): Uju u^qpniGgp ¿tgmqqm-

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■-C3 (imm.' n¿ ng ¿t ^mpnq mmi m^bi^G, gmG niGt): | Uju^bu optGm^' ^midmGbpt (U^mGqmu) ^q-qni ibpmpbpjmi qnp&ni^ mGqpmqmnGmini UU^-t | mjG ^Gq^mGp, pb mtmqnup ^qqni G^mmdmip mG-•S^ gbi tp UU^-tG 1898p. Omptqt ^mj^mGmqpt ni-| dni, npt hmtfmdmjG ^u^mGtmG mjG qtgbL tp ^ UU^-tG, hmmni^ mpptmpp G2bg. «U^Ghmjm t, np ^u^mGtmG ¿tp ^mpnq ^n^mGgbi m^bit 2mm

JipunlniGgGbp, guiQ JiQgQ niQbp »: UjuJiQgQ, pbbqui-um^mG ^tgmqqmjtG tpm^niGgp ¿tp pmgmnnitf ^mmbpmq^p' np^bu mmpmigt G^mmtfmtfp mtmqnu dbng pbpbini optGm^mG ht^g, tG¿^bu Gmb ¿tp pmgmnnitf hmp^mqpmGgt ^tgngn^ gbutmjt ^mj-tfmGmqpbpt ^Ggni^p, um^mjG mmpmigp qtgbL ^m-pnq tp ^tmjG mjG ^bmnipjniGp, npp mijmi mm-pmigt optGm^mG tGgt2^mGG tp:

^G¿ ibpmpbpni^ t mpqt dm^mGm^m2pgmGtG, mbum^mGnpbG, thmp^b, hGmpm^np t bGpmqpbi^ np mmpmigp hGmpm^np t qtgbL npbt ^tgmqqmjtG ^mpmminpnipjmG ^m^m^mG qt^mg, um^mjG hm2it mnGbini mjG, np ^tgmqqmjtG tpm^niGgG mpqbinitf t hmp^mqpmGgt ^tgngn^ ^tgmqqmjtG

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iquijiiuiQuiqpbpJi l]Q])iniip , hbuibuipuip, huqilpuq-pmGgt ^tgngni gbutmjt ^mj^mGmqpbpt ^GgnitfG tGgGpumtGgjmG pmgmn^mi t: Ujq tu^ ^mmfim-nni Gbp^mjni^u gbutmG" np^bu mmpmigmjtG ^n^n^nipjniGGbpt ht^g, tm^mG qbpm^mmmpni-pjniG ¿niGt. 1945p. UUk-t ht^Gmqpni^tg hbmn' gbutmjt qb^gbpp um^m^mpti bG, b mjq ^Gqpt ni-uni^GmutpnipjniGp gnijg t mmitu, np qpmGg, np-^bu ^mGnG, ibpmpbpnitf bG ^m'^ umh^mGGbpt hu-mm^bgtfmGp, ^m'^ umh^mGm^bpd n¿ mm-

9

pui&gQbpJi qJigiiuiQp : Op|iQuil]' 1961p. QJiQuiuuiui-Gp t^bpbum ibnGmqmqmptG hmpnq mmpmigt n¿ hmm^m&p qtgbg ^b^mitG, um^mjG mju qb^-

gp, ^mpbit t mubi, bu ibpmpbpnitf tp mju bp^ni ^b-

10

uinipjniQQbpJi iljigb uuihiiuiQQbpJi huunul]ljC]iUuGp : Smpm&gmjtG ^n^n^nipjniGGbpt it^m^mqpm-^mG m^^miGbpt niuni^GmutpnipjniGtg bpbni^ t, np 1945p.-tg t ibp hGmpm^np ¿t qmGbi hmdb^mmm-pmp ^mtf tm^mG mmpmigGbpt qtg^mG qb^-

u

gbp : Uui piuc]iuuipi|iiiii t GpuiGml, np iqbuinipjuiG nidp b hqnpnipjniGp ht^Gm^mGni^ ^mj^mGm^np-imi bG Gpm m2^mphmqpm^mG qtpgtg, mmpmigt ¿m^bptg, pGm^¿nlpJmG gmGm^tg, pGm^mG nb-unipuGbpt im^mitg, pmGm^t ^nmbGgtmi hGmpm-inpnipjniGGbptg, mGmbum^mG qmpqmg^mG mu-mt^mGtg b 2mm mjL qnp&nGGbptg: 4bmbmpmp ^bmnipjniGGbpp m^bG ^bp^ ^nium^ni^ bG mm-pmigmjtG qtgni^Gbptg:

Uju mnni^ni ^mpbit t mGqpmqmnGmi Gm^-^tG hmpm^uim^m^mG hmGpm^bmnipjniGGbp ^np^mptmjt b 0nGmbGbqpnjt ¿tgb mmpmigmjtG ibfitG ^pbim^m pbpm^qqni 2nipg: Uju qmm^ni-pjniGp u^u^ni^ t 1991p., bpp ^np^mptmG hn¿m^bg luGljiulunipjni Q b qnipu Lljiui| -iiupiui|u|iui||nuj|i l^uiqiljig : UnGuibGbqpnG uiGliuiJuuigunl iIJiuijG 2006p., mjG^bu np ¿tG¿b 2006p. mju ^bfip qm2mn-Gm^bu ^np^mptmjt b ^mpm^uim^tmjt ^tgb tp:

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^np^mptmG pbpm^qq^G hmtfmpnitf tp tp tGgt2-^mG mmpmigp, tu^ 4mpmiuimitmG it^mp^nitf tp pbpm^qqni mmpm&gnitf qmG^nq nmqtfmpmqmjt ^mm^mGbLtnipjniGp: 1992p. hmpm^uim^m^mG qtGinpm^mGGbpp hbnmgmG pbpm^qqnig, b mjq p^m^mGt hn^mb^pbptg pbpm^qqni mGimmGqni-pjmG ^mmmu^mGmminipjniGp mtfpnqgnipjmtfp ummGdGbg UUk-t UGimmGqnipjmG ^nphpqt nmq^mqtmnpqm^mG mnmgbLnipjniGp' hmtfmdmjG UGimmGqnipjmG ^nphpqt 779 (1992) pmGmdbt: ^mGm^gnipjniGGbpt pGpmggnitf 4mpmiuimitmG ^pbim^mjt ^n^mpbG ^np^mptmjtG mnmgmp-^nitf tp mjL mmpmigGbp, gmGqt pbpm^qqtG ^mpbnp nmqtfm^mpm^mG G2mGm^nipjniG niGbp tp hmtfmp, um^mjG ^np^mptmG tfbpdbg mmpmigp qtgbini ^mtf mjL mmpmigni ^n^mptGbini npbt mmppbpm^: UjGnihbmb 1999p. pmGm^gmjtG qnp-ipGpmgp pGqhmm^bg' 4jniutummLmGmjmG qm2tG-gt (NATO) ^nq^tg ^mpm^uimitmjt mmpmigp ntf-

13

puilpiftlipu hbuibiuQ])iii| :

2002p. umnpmqp^bg mpdmGmqpnipjniG ^pbim^m pbpm^qqni dmtfmGm^m^np nbdt^t ib-pmpbpjmp npt hmtfmdmjG tL m^mpm^bg UUk-t

14

qfiuinpquilpiiCi iui2iu])lj|iiipjiiiQp : U]ibQiiijQ diuiiiu-Gm^, gmGqt ^np^mptmG 2013p.-tg b^pn^m^mG ^tnipjmG mGqmtf t, tu^ UnGmbGbqpnG" 2010p.-tg b^pn^m^mG ¿tnipjmG mGqmtfm^gnipjmG pb^Gm-ini, b^pn^m^mG hmGdGmdnqnip ^mhmGgnitf t ^nq^bptg pbpm^qqni 2nipg ibfip hmGdGbi UUk-t

15

UliguiqquijJiQ quiuiuipuiQJi gGGnipjuiGp : IJiulpujG, mju ibfip ^nqtfbpp gmjuop ¿bG hmGdGbi ^mmmpm-Gt gGGnipjmGp' hm^mGmpmp 2mpniGm^bini iniini-tfp ^Gmpbi pmGm^gnipjniGGbpt fimGm^mphn^: ^bb m^Ghmjm t, np ^np^mptmjt ¿gmG^mGmip qt^bi mmpmigmjtG qtgnitfGbpt, mjutGgG' gbutm-jt, ibfit GtfmG hmGqnigmLniMmG hGmpminpnipjni-Gp qpbpb pmgmnnitf t: UtbGnijG dmtfmGm^ ^bmg t G2»p np mju ibfit mnmdGmhmm^nipjniGp mjG t, np, t mmppbpnipjniG 2mm mjL mmpmigmjtG ^bfibpt, ¿Gmjmi pmGm^gmjtG qnp&pGpmgt qdimpnipjniG-GbptG b mmpmdmjGnipjniGGbptG, ^nqtfbptG hm-gnqibg ^mh^mGbi pmptqpmgtm^mG hmpmpbpni-

pjniGGbpp b ibpm^mGqGbi ^n^iummhnipjmG tfp-

i6

Qri|iipuip :

Uju^tuni, ^mpbit t G2»l, np gbutmG ^mtf mm-pmigt qtgni^p' np^bu mmpmigmjtG ^n^n^ni-pjniGGbpt ht^g, UUk-t ht^Gmqpni^tg t ibp, ¿niGt npbt tm^mG G2mGm^nipjniG b ^bpmpbpnitf t ^m'tf umh^mGGbpt humm^bgtfmGp, ^m'tf umhtfmGmtfbpd n¿ tfbi mmpmigGbp qtgbiniG: ^bb ^Gqpt niunitf-GmutpnipjniGp gnijg t mmitu, np mmpmigmjtG ib-

6bpp mGgjmit bpbnijp ¿bG: U^bi^G, pum mmppbp hbqtGm^Gbpf gmtfmgmjtG umhtfmGGbpt tfnmm^n-pm^bu gmnnpq tfmup, tu^ in^mjtG' bp^ni bppnp-

17

qp, hiuiiiupi|ni il bQ i||i6'1j||i : Ujq fiulj iquiuiiSuinnil ^n^hm^mdmjGbgimi gbutmG 2mm Lnipg G2mGm-^nipjniG ^mpnq t niGbGmi Gmb Gbp^mjni^u: 0mu-Gm^npn^bu' ibfit ^nq^bpp ^mpnq bG dbng pbpbi hm^mdmjGnipjniG mmpmigt qtg^mG qt^mg ^n^-hmmnigni^Gbpt 2nipg, b ^mpmmqtp ¿t, np mjq ^n^hmmnigni^Gbpp ifrGbG mmpmigmjtG: ^G¿^bu gnijg t mmitu ^pm^mt^mG, mjq ^n^hmmnigni^-Gbpp ^mpnq bG LtGbi mGmbum^mG, gmqmgm^mG 6mGm¿nltf, qt^mGmqtmm^mG ^m^bpt, ^mqmqni-pjmG b mGimmGqnipjmG hmummmni^, ^m^ ibpm-pbpbG mGimmGqnipjmG ninpmtG' mmpmigt ¿bqn-

gmgnitf, m^mnmq^m^mGmgni^, nmq^m^mG hm-

18

iUuqnpdiupc]nipjni Q b iuj| :

On^hm^mdmjGbgimi gbutmjt optGm^ ^m-pbit t hmtfmpbi ^mGm^mjt gpmGggt ibpmpbpjmi ^mjtfmGmqpt ibpmGmjni^p 1977p. b gpmGggt ib-pmqmpdGbip ^mGm^mjt tGgGt2^mGnipjmGp 2000p.: Uju^bu' ^mGm^mjt gpmGggt ibpmpbpjmi 1903p. ^mjtfmGmqpt hm^mdmjG. «....^mGmrimG ^n^mGgni^ t gpmGggt mmpmigp 0^mgjmi GmhmGqGbpt mGdm^^bm mtpm^bmnipjmGp, .... UU^-p tpm^niGg niGt mGoptGbi mju mmpmigp b mtpm^bmbi mjG' np^bu mmpmigt tGgGt2^mG

.....»: Um thmp^b mmpmigt impdm^minipjmG

^mjtfmGmqtp tp, ni mmpmigt ommp^mG hmtfmp UU^-p ifimpbg ^mGm^mjtG 10 ^G. b 250 hmqmp qnimp ¿l ifimpni^ tp mmpb^mG: Um^mjG, «hm-ibpd» ni «tGgGt2^mG» bqpnijpGbpt oqmmqnp&ni-^p mpqbG tu^ ^bpm&ni^ tp impdm^minipjmG ^mj-^mGmqtpp (de facto) mmpmigt qtg^mG ^mj^m-Gmqpt: ^mGmtfmG mmuGm^jm^Gbp mGg UU^-tg ^mhmGgbg ibpmqmpdGbi gpmGggt mmpmigp tp tGgGt2^mGnipjmG Gbpgn: U^u^bgtG pmGm^gni-pjniGGbp, npnGg mpqjniGgnitf 1977p. ^mGm^mjt ni UU^-t ¿tgb umnpmqp^bgtG bp^ni ^mj^mGmq-pbp, npnGg hmummmbgtG ^mGm^mjt tGgGt2^m-GnipjniGp ^mGmtfmjt gpmGggt G^mmdmip, tG¿-^bu Gmb umhtfmGbgtG ^mGm^mjt gpmGggt ^2- | mm^mG ¿bqng ^mpqm^t^m^p b UU^-t tpm^niG- ^ gp' ^mGmtfmjt hbm ^b^mbq m^mhn^bi gpmGggt >3

19 fi

iuQi|unuQqiiipjiiiQp : llj| l^bpiq iuuukV ^liuQiuiiiuQ g ibpmqmpdpbg gpmGggt mmpmigp, tu^ UU^-p;^ ^n^mpbG ^mhmGgbg ^n^mGg^nq mmpmigt ¿b- | qngmgni^ b tpm^niGg hbmmqmjni^ m^mhnibi-S. mmpmigt mGimmGqnipjniGp' hmummmbini tp I mm^mG Gbp^mjnipjniGp ^n^mGg^nq mmpm&gni^: s OmumnpbG, UU^-p qtgbg mmpmigp' ¿^mmGqbin^

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pp mQimrnQqnipjrnQ 2mhbpp' tfpUGnijG ^шйшйш^,

prnp&prngQbini pp gшqшgш^шGnlpJшG ЬЬ^рйш-

20

Ijnipjni Up ui^luuiphniii :

Uju^pun^ pG^bu gnijg t шш(ри шр^^ шш-pш&gшJpG ^bfibpp nlunlййшuppnlpJnlйp, шшрш&-gp qp^nitfp 2шш qb^gbpnitf ^nqtfbppG hGшpшín-pnipjniG ^pG&bnbp шpqJnlQшíbшnpbQ ini&bL шш-pш&gшJpG ^QqPpQbpp фnËpQqnlQbLp щшJйшGGb-

pni, pG^p pp hbpppG ^Gщшuшbp pb' шшpш&ш2p-2шGшJpG, pb' йp2шqqшJpQ ËшqшqnlpJшG ni шGí-шшQqnlpJшQ щшhщшGйшGp U шйpшщGqйшGp, pG^bu GшU dnqninipqQbpp tfp^U pшppqpшдpш-^шй hшpшpbpnlpJnlQQbpp ni фnËíuшшhnlpJшG íbpш^шQqйшQp U pшpblшíйшGp:

1 Sb'u, General Assembly Resolution 42/22. U.N. Doc. A/RES/42/22. 18 November 1987. Annex, Declaration on the Enhancement of the Effectiveness of the Principle of Refraining from the Threat or Use of Force in International Relations, §8: SbqblpiipjnrGp huuuuGli|li I. www.un.org IjiujpniOi:

2 Sb'u, General Assembly Resolution 42/22. U.N. Doc. A/RES/42/22. 18 November 1987. Annex, Declaration on the Enhancement of the Effectiveness of the Principle of Refraining from the Threat or Use of Force in International Relations, §8:

3

Sb'u, Case concerning the Temple Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Preliminary Objections // International Court of Justice (1962). Q-np&h mbpuuip huuuuGli|li I.' http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/liles/45/4871.pdf Ipujpnnl:

Sb'u, Case concerning the Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) // International Court of Justice (2008) §120: ^np&p шbpuшp hmumGbjp t" http://www.icj-cij. org/ docket/files/130/14492.pdf Ipujpnul:

Г-п|1пЦпиО U 0(1 ill0 1948р. luuiquiq lpupquii|npi5uiG mdbplilymQ u|iujihuGiuqpli (American Treaty on Pacific Settlement 1948) hnqdbp bG, npp qpnijpGbpp hmdm^mjG' pnjnp ^mjdmGm^npinq hnqdbpp timGm^nid bG M-iuuiiupiuGli щшрщищрр lqiuu]uiunipjniGp ipso facto uinuiGg huiumili huuhudiujOiuqpli ш 0 h p ш d I17 и in i pj ш 0, t|iu(il|UK|iud lipuu|iul|iu(i l|Ii6(i (Пцишй'шй'р, np Ijdiuqji dlidjuiGg Oijiyli:

Sb'u, Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile),Preliminary objection // International Court of Justice (2015). SbqblpirpjnrGp huuuuGli|li I.' http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/liles/153/18746.pdf Ipujpnnl:

Sb'u, Island of Palmas case (The Netherlands/United States of America) // United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards, (1928). Q-np&h uibpuuip huuuuGli|li I.' http://legal.un.org/riaa/cases/vol_II/829-871.pdf IpujpnuJ: Sb'u, Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties // United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1155, P. 331, 23 May 1969: Sb'u, Kasowicz A.M.,Peaceful territorial changel994, I.у 252-301.; Tir J., Redrawing the map to promote peace,2006, I.у 145-147:

Sb'u, Kasowicz A.M.,Peaceful territorial change,1994, l.y252-301 ;Tir.l., Redrawing the map to promote peace, 2006, I.у 282:

©•bpbu uiju t иршпбишр, np 2UXU1 hbq[iGuiliGbp, uiGqpuupunGuqnil дЬирицрО, pGGmplpinl bG L|lipy(iOu uiQc|]ui||i,

GnijGpuh hmpjnipmdjmhGbpp imqbdnipjniG niGbgnq qp^dmG qb^pbpp inijup Gbpgn: Sb'u, oppGmh" Бекяшев K.A.

Международное право, 5-е нсд., 2010,1.у 555: 12

SbqblpnpjniGp hiuuiuOli||i I.' www.undp.org/missions/croatia IjiujpniOi:

Sb'u, Calver R.(, Political Adviser, UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)), Peacekeeping that lives up to its name, // United Nations Peace Operations 2001. SbqbhnipjniGp hmumGbjp t" http://www.un.org/en/peacekeeping/publi-cations/yir/2001/Europe countries/Prevlaka.htm IjiujpniOi: SbqblpiipjnrGp lnuuiuOli|li I. http://www.mip.gov.me/en/index.php/Press-Releases/pr08102012-2.html Ipujpnnl: Sb'u, Conmiission Opinion on Montenegro's application for membership of the European Union// European Commission ( Brussels, 9.11. 2010). SbqbhnipjniGp hmumGbjp t ? http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key documents/2010/package/mn opinion 2010 en.pdf Ipujpniii:

-к; 16

5 Sb'u, Montenegro 2012 Progr ess Report// Conmiission staff working document, European Conmiission (Brussels,

|j 10.10.2012). SbqbhnipjniGp hmumGbjp t" http://ec.europa.eu/enlargement/pdf/key_documents/2012/package/mn_rap-

5 port 2012 en.pdf Ipujpnnl:

^ Sb'u, Tir J., Redrawing the map to promote peace, 2006, I.у 46:

§ Sb'u, Kasowicz A.M., Peaceful territorial changel994, ts> 186: 5 19

о "luijiiuiGuiqpbpli mbpumbpp huiuuiGbih bG http://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th centuiy/panOOl.asp Ipujpnul:

'N, 20

s Sb'u, Kasowicz A.M.,Peaceful territorial changel994, t? 186: s

= о-гишъпъю-зпъгг

1. Kasowicz A.M., Peaceful territorial change, University of South Carolina Press, 1994.

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2. Tir J., Redrawing the map to promote peace, Lexington Books, 2006.

3. Calver R.(, Political Adviser, UN Mission of Observers in Prevlaka (UNMOP)), Peacekeeping that lives up to its name, // United Nations Peace Operations 2001.

4. Бекяшев K.A., Международное право, 5-е изд., 2010.

5. Case concerning the Temple Preah Vihear (Cambodia v. Thailand), Preliminary Objections // International Court of Justice (1962).

6. Case concerning the Sovereignty over Pedra Branca/Pulau Batu Puteh, Middle Rocks and South Ledge (Malaysia/Singapore) // International Court of Justice (2008) §120:

7. Montenegro 2012 Progress Report// Commission staff working document, European Commission (Brussels, 10.10.2012).

8. Commission Opinion on Montenegro's application for membership of the European Union// European Commission ( Brussels, 9.11. 2010).

9. Vienna Convention on the Law of Treaties // United Nations Treaty Series, vol. 1155, P. 331, 23 May. 1969.

10. Island of Palmas case (The Netherlands/United States of America) // United Nations Reports of International Arbitral Awards, (1928).

11. Obligation to Negotiate Access to the Pacific Ocean (Bolivia v. Chile),Preliminary objection // International Court of Justice (2015).

12. General Assembly Resolution 42/22. U.N. Doc. A/RES/42/22. 18 November 1987. Annex, Declaration on the Enhancement of the Effectiveness of the Principle of Refraining from the Threat or Use of Force in International Relations, §8:

Сабина Мадоян Член палаты адвокатов Республики Армения, Соискатель кафедры европейского и международного права Ереванского государственного университета

РЕЗЮМЕ

Уступка территории в современном международном праве Данная статья посвящена изучению института цессии в современном международном праве, раскрытию роли и значения последней в условиях современного международного правопорядка. На основе анализа практики государств, связанной с территориальными изменениями, правовой позиции международных судебных инстанций и характерных особенностей современных территориальных споров автор заключает, что после основания ООН уступка территории как основание для территориальных изменений не играет особой роли, но взаимосогласованная цессия может иметь важное значение и сегодня.

Ключевые слова: современное международное право, цесспя, уступка территории, современные территориальные споры, международный сущ ООН.

Sabina Madoyan Member of the chamber of advocates of the RA, Applicant for PhD Chair of European and International Law of Yerevan State University

SUMMARY Cession of territory in modem International Law The article is dedicated to research of issues with regard of cession in modern International Law as well as the role and meaning of the latter are indicated within the terms of modern international system of justice. On the basis of analysis of legal positions of international court instances, practice of states and outstanding characteristics of modern territorial conflicts, the author comes to the conclusion that after UN foundation the role of cession as a basis for territorial changes is not of importance, but agreed cessions may be of some significance at present.

Keywords: modem International Law, cession of territory, modem territorial conflicts, International Court oi Justice.

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