CC BY
31
BUILDING DIGITAL BROADCASTING NETWORKING IN THE LOW AND MIDIUM FREQUENCIES
DOI 10.24411/2072-8735-2018-10262
Virgilio Mateus Joao dos Santos,
Malanzhe, Angola, [email protected]
Yuri A. Kovagin,
St. Petersburg State University telecommunications them. prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia, [email protected]
Keywords: digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting, digital broadcasting networks, building digital broadcasting networking, DRM, quality of audio content transmission, distribution of maximum radio noise levels territory the Republic of Angola, low (LF) and medium (MF) frequencies.
The advantages of digital broadcasting systems have become made possible due to the advances in related fields of knowledge, such as psychoacoustics, digital signal processing, digital audio data compression, noise-tolerant coding, anti-group error control, digital modulation techniques, etc. Of all digital broadcasting systems, only DRM [1-5] and IBOC HD Radio [6] systems are recommended by the International Telecommunication Union (ITU-R) for use in all frequency bands allocated for ground-based digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting (and these are the LF, MF, HF , VHF), which is their additional value. A simple and effective method for developing a topology of a DRM broadcasting network in the low and medium frequency bands, based on the use of data from the International Telecommunication Union (ITU), is considered. The method takes into account the required quality of audio content transmission and the actual distribution of maximum radio noise levels over the service area exceeded for 2% of the transmission time. To illustrate of the proposed method of building a network of digital broadcasting is made on the example of the territory of the Republic of Angola is given.
Information about authors:
Virgilio Mateus Jooo dos Santos, Malanzhe, Angola, Postgraduate student - department of radio communications and broadcasting of St. Petersburg State University telecommunications them. prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia
Yuri A. Kovagin, Doctor of technical sciences, professor, department of radio communications and broadcasting of St. Petersburg State University telecommunications them. prof. M.A. Bonch-Bruevich, St. Petersburg, Russia
Для цитирования:
Сантуш В.М.Ж.Д., Ковалгин Ю.А. Проектирование сетей цифрового радиовещания в формате DRM на частотах ниже 30 МГц // T-Comm: Телекоммуникации и транспорт. 2019. Том 13. №4. С. 55-63.
For citation:
Santos V.M.J.D., Kovagin Yu.A. (2019). Building digital broadcasting networking in the low and midium frequencies. T-Comm, vol. 13, no.4, pр. 55-63.
introduction
Many countries have chosen the European digital broadcasting technology platform, the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting [7-101 DRM systems. Extensive research in this area was also carried out in Russia by order of the Federal Stale Unitary Enterprise FSUE. Since 2009, the Russian Federation has investigated the possibility of using the DRM system at frequencies below 30 MHz, In 2014, MTUCI conducted an experimental broadcasting in the DAB+ format on the order of FSUE RTRBN. Experimental studies of digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting in the DRM + format were carried out at SPbSUT in 2015, also by request of the Federal State Unitary Enterprise RTRBN. The completed studies confirmed the standard specifications for digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting and DRM systems. Both systems are currently recommended for use in the Russian Federation.
The aim of the work is to propose a rather simple and effective method for developing a topology of digital broadcasting networks in the low (LF) and medium (MF) frequency bands, relying in the main part on the ITU-R primary data.
General Overview
The initial data for designing the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network are:
- characteristics of the DRM transmitter, such as power, stability mode, modulation type of subcarricrs of the frequency of the OFDM block, protection level, code rate, audio data compression algorithm;
- the required quality of transmission of audio content and the corresponding set values of the transmitter parameters and the signal-to-noise ratio in the service area, as well as the minimum value of the transmitter signal field strength during radio reception;
- numerical data of a change in the field strength of a I kW transmitter signal with a distance r, for given values of soil conductivity o and dielectric constant of radio propagation medium. This data is already available in digitized form in the GRAWE, 684KP4F.bas.exe, 684TV4FC.bas.exe, 684DV4FC.bas.exe programs, and also in the form of curves in Recommendation ITU-R P.368-9 [14j;
- the distribution of maximum radio noise levels in the service area exceeded for 2% of the transmission time.
Propose that:
- within the transmitter's service area, the total maximum radio noise level exceeded for 2% of the transmission time is equal to the highest value for the part of the territory where the transmitter's service area is located, namely the maximum value within this service area, because all digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting systems are threshold;
- the values of soil conductivity o and the dielectric constant of the medium within the service area remain unchanged, the influence of structures, the features of the terrain of the territory are not taken into account.
Under these assumptions, the service area of the transmitter take the form of a circle.
The signal-to-noise ratio at the boundary of the service area, as known, is determined by the level of maximum radio noiseE,,, dB (|iV/m) exceeded during 2% of the transmission time, and transmitter power P, kW. We assume that when the transmitter
power is 1 kW, the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at the boundary of the service area is 0 dB (fiV/m). Then the value of the transmitter power, provided that P > 1 kW will determine selected parameters of its operation (stability mode, type of modulation of subcarrier frequencies, code rate, and compression algorithm) SNR ratio, dB, which determines the quality of content transmission for the above parameters.
in the case of an idealized homogeneous network, to cover the whole territory w ith the same-size service area of each single transmitter, having the form of an equilateral hexagon inscribed in a circle, the number of transmitter's n is required, defined by the well-known formula:
h = S/S, a 25/(3^3-r2). and S, =(3^ rJ)/2 Where: S and SI - is square of the entire covered territory and the service area of a single transmitter of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network, r - is the radius of the service area of a single transmitter. In fig. 1 (dashed curve) represents the dependence of the required number of transmitters of such an idealized network as a function of r. The parameter of this dependence is the value of the area covered. It can be seen that when the service area radius is 50 km (for example, when operating in the VHF band), 191 transmitters are required to cover the entire territory of the Republic of Angola with an area of 1.246700 km2 in the case of a homogeneous idealized network, while at a service area radius of 300 km LF or MF range) - only 5 transmitters, their number decreases very rapidly with increasing radius of the service area. The required power for each individual transmitter in this case depends on the maximum value of the radio noise level exceeded for 2% of the transmission time; it will also drop significantly with decreasing radio noise level while maintaining the required signal-to-noise ratio.
Required number of transmitters, n
»0 ^J
Radius of service area. r. km
Fig. 1. The required number of transmitters from tlie radius of their service area of an idealized homogeneous network necessary to cover the entire territory of the Republic of Angola
From Fig. ! shows that the use of the VFIF range (where the radius of the service area usually docs not exceed 50...70 km range) is preferable only to cover local areas with a compact population (for example, cities, settlements, etc.). At the same time, the network in the VHF band (providing high-quality broadcasting w ith a large number of available programs) can be considered as an addition to the main digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network operating at frequencies below 30 MHz.
T-Comm Tom 13. #4-2019
When organizing a network of digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting in large areas, use the low (LF) and medium {MF) frequency bands, which can significantly increase the service area of a single transmitter [11-13]. This approach is especially relevant for countries with a large number of scarccly populated and hard-to-reach territories.
The Main Part
In developing the topology of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network in the low and medium frequency ranges, we believe there are basically two alternative ways: the first involves the use of transmitters of the same power throughout the entire coverage area, the second way assumes that the territory covered is serv ed by transmitters of different power but of the same size of the radii of service areas.
The main stages of developing the lopology of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network in the LF and MF ranges in general form for both cases can be formulated as follows. In this case, the process of building the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network can be divided into three steps:
- the first stage is preparatory, it serves to obtain the initial data and to develop the requirements for the selected system and the network of digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting;
- the second stage is actually the process of developing the topology of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network for the selected territory, which in this case is more likely to be heuristic;
- the third stage is the final one, here the analysis of the obtained variants of the Digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting networks, the choice of the most preferable of them, the assessment of the possibility of using single-frequency networks clusters within each of them are performed here.
As an example illustrating the method outlined below for developing the topology of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network, the territory of the Republic of Angola is taken.
Stage I. Obtaining baseline data for developing the Digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network topology.
1. The entire covered area, taking into account the climatic conditions, economic activity, the distribution of the population, is tentatively divided into large parts,(later on we will call them the coverage area). This division is relevant for countries with a large territory. For each such coverage area, the soil conductivity a and the dielectric constant of the medium are determined. These values within each of the selected areas {coverage areas) should not undergo significant changes. In our example, this is the entire territory of the Republic of Angola, where a = 3 * 10"3 Sm/m, with the except of the narrow part adjacent to the ocean. This narrow coastal part of the territory of the Republic of Angola is densely populated and is already served by high-quality VHF broadcasting.
2. For each coverage area, the distribution of maximum atmospheric noise levels exceeded for 2% of the transmission time, industrial noise levels, transmitter and receiver noise are calculated. The distribution of the maximum levels of atmospheric noise for the covered territory can be obtained, for example, using the NBWMax {"Noise Band Width Maximum) program, [13], which takes into account the features of the distribution of the levels of maximum atmospheric noise over the
entire territory of the Earth. The levels of radio noise of various origins and the procedure for their summation are calculated by the method given in [20].
After performing these calculations, we obtain for each carricr frequency f a picture of the distribution of the levels of maximum radio noise exceeded for 2% of the transmission time. These calculations were performed with reference to the Republic of Angola for carrier frequencies f equal to 150, 250, 500, 1000 and 1500 kHz. An example of the obtained distribution of the levels of maximum atmospheric radio noise at a frequency of 250 kHz exceeded for 2% of the transmission lime for the territory of the Republic of Angola is shown in Fig.2. The parameter of each line here is the maximum atmospheric noise level, dB (pV/m), exceeded for 2% of the transmission time. It is seen that the lowest levels of maximum atmospheric noise exceeded for 2% of the transmission time are observed in the south-west, gradually increasing to the east and north of the Republic of Angola. It follows that with the same transmitter power, the size of the service area w ill decrease from west to east and from south to north, its greatest value will be in the south-west and the smallest in the north-east, if only the influence of this factor is taken into account. This trend is maintained for all the carrier frequencies listed above. Note that with such a high level of maximum atmospheric noise, industrial noise, as well as transmitter and receiver noise, can be disregarded, since their levels are significantly lower.
3. Using the curves for changing the field strength of a 1 kW transmitter, distances r are determined at which the level of maximum total radio noise is equal to the signal level generated by the transmitter at the same distance. In other words, the distance from the transmitter is found at which the signal-to-noise ratio is SNR = 0 dB. This procedure is performed for all selected values of f, a. After that, dependences of the change in the found value of r as a function of the maximum radio noise level exceeded during 2% of the transmission time are plotted. The results of these calculations are presented in Table 1 and in Figure 3. The vertical axis represents the values of the radius of the service area r, in km, of the transmitter; on the horizontal axis, maximum radio noise levels exceeded for 2% of the transmission time in dB {pV/m>. The parameters of each such curve are the values off, in kHz, a.
GUXBtAFHIC UKTTM [CtWEES EAST]
Fig. 2, An example of the actual distribution of maximum atmospheric noise levels exceeded lor 2% of the transmission time: the frequency f = 250 kHz, the receiver frequency baud at the intermediate frequency level is 10,000 Hz
Each time at a new position of the service area on the map of the Republic of Angola, we determine its border using Fig. 2 a new value for the maximum noise level and then, using the data in Fig. 3, the corresponding new radius value for this service area.
This operation is repeated many times when building the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network. At the same time, the number of transmitters and their distribution over the covered territory is chosen so that their number would be minimal, and the covered territories outside this coverage area would also be minimal. To a certain extent, this is a heuristic approach to building a digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network. It requires a certain experience, and is solved by the method of successive approximations.
These procedures were performed for three carrier frequencies, the results obtained are presented in Fig. 5 (carrier frequency 210 kHz), 6 (carrier frequency 250 kHz) and 7 (carrier frequency 500 kHz). All service areas of individual transmitters are numbered; these figures also show the values of the radii of the service areas for each transmitter. In our case, on the border of the service area of each transmitter with its power of 1 kW, the value of SNR = 0 dB (pV/m), If we want, for example, to provide the signal-to-noise ratio at each boundary of the service area equal to SNR> 0 dB, then the transmitter power required in this case will be kW.
For example, with SNR = 10.7 dB, the required power of a single transmitter is 12 kW, and for a 74 kW transmitter, the SNR value at the boundary of the service area will be 18.7 dB. The results of the calculations for each of the three network options are shown in Table. 3. Here, the signal-to-noise ratio at the boundary of the service area for each network transmitter is 10.7 dB, with the power of each transmitter being 12 kW.
i \ \
J ' \ f\ &ögoia
fen. VY
M
{ Pro u> ne Ià#Çi ¿âmfra (
l -4ÂÏ1I1
(■ fsl Wi; ■ ' -V j^o^ra
^•.iAtlPF/ \ V \
t y-
■fl >'I*V1A «OPTE i/
-I^A j)
j!àmb'a v-fa
Ooogte Eart
Fig, 6. An example of a digital broadcasting network for the Republic of Angola in the low frequency range; the frequency band of the radio channel is 10 kHz; the central carrier frequency of 250 kHz; soil conductivity a = 3 ■ 10~3 S / m, the dielectric constant of the medium p = 22, the power of each network transmitter is 12 kW
/ »fl VAh'SA HOHnE^ "i ><:__>',
f1 V-. rTk:. /.—
' -•-,/ jn ÏËiUSâ=
r'-rîAï*
1 v|
Fig. 7. An example of a digital broadcasting network for the Republic of Angola in the low frequency range; the frequency band of the radio channel is 10 kHz; center carrier frequency 500 kHz soil conductivity o = 3 10~3 S/m, the dielectric constant of the medium ц = 22, the power of each network transmitter is 12 kW
The value of [he carrier frequency, kHz The number of transmitters required lo cover the entire territory of the Republic of Angola The Lotal transmitter powerto required cover the w hole territory of the Republic of Angola, kW
210 16 192
250 15 180
500 32 384
Fig. 5. An example of a digital broadcasting network for the Republic of
Angola in the low frequency range; the frequency band of the radio channel is 10 kHz; 210 kHz center carrier frequency; soil conductivity a = 3 ■ 10-3 S/m, the dielectric constant of the medium p = 22, the power of each network transmitter is 12 Kw
The total transmitter power of digital broadcasting networks (Fig, 7-9) required to cover the entire territory of the Republic of Angola with the same power of each of them and provided that the signal-to-noise ratio of 10.7 dB (pV/m). The frequency band of the radio channel 10 kHz; soil conductivity o - 3 10~3 S/m, the dielectric constant of the medium p = 22, the power of each transmitter is 12 kW
Table 4
Required transmitter power, kW: carrier frequency 250 kHz; 10 kHz radio channel frequency band; soil conductivity n = 3 ■ 10~3S/m; the dielectric constant of the medium = 22; signal-to-noisc ratio at the boundary of the service area of each transmitter of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network is equal to 10.7 dli (piV m)
Transmitter Service area radius Service area radius Service area radius Service area radius Service area radius
number of 140 km oflftl) km of 1 SO km of200 km of26U km
DRB network The change in the Required transmitter The change in the intensity Required transmitter The change in the Required transmitter The change in the intensity Required transmitter The change in the intensity Required transmitter
intensity of the noise power, kw of the noise field, dB power, kw intensity of the noise power, kw of the noise field, dB power, kw of the noise field, dB power, kw
field, dB QiV/m) ([tWm) field, dB ((jV/m) (fiV/m) (ttV/m)
I 0.7 10 -0,6 13.49 -2 18,62 -3,8 24,5 -8,6 85
2 4.2 4,46 0,9 9,55 -0.5 13.18 -2,8 19,49 -8,1 75.9
3 7,7 1,99 -0,1 12.02 2,6 6,46 -0,1 10,47 -4,1 30,2
4 9,7 1,25 1.4 8,5 i 5,5 3,31 4,2 3,8 0,2 11.22
5 12,2 0,70 2,4 6,76 8,5 1,66 7 2,04 -7,1 60,26
6 13,2 0,56 2.9 6,02 -1,5 16,59 -2,8 19,5 -2,5 20,89
7 14,2 0,44 3,4 5,37 0,5 10,47 0,7 8,7 -8,7 87,09
8 1.7 7.94 4,9 3,80 3,8 4,9 4 4.07 -6,1 47,86
9 5,2 4,67 7.9 1,90 6,8 2,45 -4 25,7 -2,7 21,88
10 7,7 1,99 2,9 6,02 -2 18,6 -1,4 14,13
11 7,2 2,23 6,4 3,38 0 11,75 2,1 6,3
12 9,2 1.41 6.9 2,39 2,5 6,6 2.9 5,25
13 1,2 8.91 7,9 1,90 4,5 4,17 -!,8 15,49
14 3,7 5,01 ¡0,9 0,95 0 11,75
15 7,2 2,23 17,9 0,19
16 9,7 1,25 8,9 1,51
17 12,2 0,70 9,9 1,20
18 1.2 8,91 11,9 0,75
19 10,7 1
20 9,7 1,25
21 4,2 4,46
22 7,7 1,99
23 7,2 2,23
Toial network capacity Totai network capacity Total network capacity Total network capacity Total network capacity
75,6 kw 85,7 kw 130,5 kw 159,44 kw 440,3 kw
where: En , dB (fiV / m), is the lield strength of maximum radio noise exceeded for 2% of the transmission time for a i kW transmitter at a distance r, kin, where the signal-to-noise ratio is 0 dli (determined using similar curves presented in Figure 3 and Figure 8; En, i. dli <gV/m), is the maximum noise level value exceeded for 2% of the transmission lime at the boundary of the service area of the i-th network transmitter (determined for each service area network using a picture similar to Fig.9); SNR, dB -signal-to-noise ratio on the graph No scrviec area of the transmitters of each network (in our case, for example, 10,7 dB or 15.3 dB or 18.7 dB).
Stage III. Analysis of the results and selection of the Digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network option.
The results of the analysis of the calculated data allow us to formulate the following conclusion:
- comparison of data tabic. 3 and 4 shows that, from an energetic point of view, a digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network with the same largest service areas of individual transmitters has a significant advantage. For example, when the signal-to-noise ratio at the boundary of the service area is 10.7; 15.3 and 18.7 dB total power of network transmitters,
with the same size of service areas with a radius of 180 km, respectively, is 130 kW. 368 kW and 800 kW. For the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network with constant power transmitters, these values are respectively 180 kW, 510 kW and 1110 kW. This difference increases significantly with decreasing radius of the network service area, which has transmitters with equal service areas. For example, w ith a service area radius of 160 km for a given network, we have total transmitter powers already correspondingly equal to 86 kW, 244 kW and 530 kW;
- most preferred tor countries w ith a high level of maximum atmospheric noise exceeded for 2% of the transmission time, is to use the upper part of the low-frequency range;
- in each ease, there may be several possible variants of the topology of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network for the selected coverage area, then they are compared taking into account: the required total transmitter power, the required quality of audio content transmission, and the possibility of separating clusters of single-frequency networks to save radio frequency resource;
- the most preferable for the Republic of Angola is a variant of the topology of the DAB network with a radius of service area
of each individual transmitter ranging from 160 to 180 km, while the number of transmitters required to cover the whole territory of the Republic of Angola lies in the range of 18 to 15 pieces;
- when choosing the final version of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network, the existing broadcasting infrastructure in the service area should be taken into account. The obtained variants of the topology of digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting networks are in good agreement with the data of an idealized homogeneous network according to the number of required transmitters (Fig. 1, solid line);
- reduction of the required number of carrier frequencies is possible when using clusters of single-frequency networks w ithin a common digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network, provided that the distance between the most distant transmitters within the cluster when operating in stability mode A should not exceed 738 km. Examples of such clusters, highlighted in color, are given tor two preferred variants of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcastine networks in Fig. 12.
b)
Fig, 12, The proposed clusters of single-frequency networks of the digital broadcasting or digital sound broadcasting network oftlic Republic of Angola (highlighted in color); a - radius of the service area of the transmitter 160 km; b —the radius of the service area transmitter 180 km
From the energy point of view and the number of required carrier frequencies required to cover the entire territory of the Republic of Angola, the most preferred option is the network variant presented in Fig, 12, b. To cover the entire territory, it is Sufficient to use four carricr frequencies in the upper part of the low frequency range. It is enough to cover only 14 DRM transmitters to cover the whole territory.
Conclusions
1. A simple, convenient and efficient method of getting the digital broadcasting network topology is proposed, taking into account ITU-R recommendations, the required quality of audio content transmission and the actual distribution of maximum noise levels over the territory for 2% of the transmission time.
2. To deploy a state digital radio broadcasting network in DRM format in mills with a high level of atmospheric noise, it is most preferable to use the upper part of the low-frequency range; the structure of the network itself should contain transmitters with the same size of service areas for each of them.
3. The application of this method of designing a network of digital broadcasting is considered on the example of the Repttbl ic of Angola.
References
1. ETSI ES 201 980 V4.1.1 (2014-01) Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM); System Specification.
2. European Telecommunication Standard ETSI ES 201 980 v3.1 J (2009-08), Digital Radio Mondial (DRM) System Specification.
3. System for digital sound broadcasting in the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. ITU-R BS,1514-1. — International Telecommunication Union, 2001.
4. Recommendation ITU-R BS. 1615 (05/2011). Planning parameters" for digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service (sound).
5. Report ITU-R BS.2144 (05/2009). Planning parameters and coverage for Digital Radio Mondiale (FRM) broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service (sound).
6. National Radio Systems Committee. NRSC-5-C/ln-band/on channel Digital Radio Broadcasting Standard, September, 201 I. - 53 p.
7. ETSI ETS 300401. Radio Broadcasting System; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers. May 1997.
8. Stereophonic broadcasting and sound recording: Textbook tor universities / Yu.A. Kovalgin, EJ, Vologdin, L.N. Kat/nelson; Ed. Professor Yu.A. Kovagina. - M .: Hotline - Telecom, 2014. - 720p.
9. Kovagin Yu.A., Myshyanov S.V. Evolution of the DAB digital broadcasting system recommended by ITU-R for use in the 174-240 MHz VHF frequency band. Part I // Broadcasting »Television and Radio Broadcasting, 2016, No. 8, pp. 33-36.
10. Kovagin Yu.A., Myshyanov S.V. Evolution of the DAB digital broadcasting system recommended by ITU-R for use in the 174-240 MHz VHF frequency band. Part 2 // Broadcasting »Television and Radio Broadcasting, 2017, No. 1, pp. 26-29.
11. Varlantov O.V. Features of the frequency-territorial planning of broadcasting networks DRM bands LF and MF II T-Cotmn. 2013. No.9, pp. 43-46.
12. Varlamov O.V. Correct planning of DRM broadcasting networks II Telecommunication. 2014. No. 6, pp. 26-34.
13. Varlamov, O.V, Varlamov, V.O., Distribution of Maximum Levels of Atmospheric Radio Noises in the Low-Frequency and Medium-Frequency Bands over the Territory of the Earth // High-Tech Technologies in the Earth's Space Research. 2017. Vol. 9. No 5, pp. 42-51.
14. Recommendation iTU-R BS.368-9.Ground-wave propagation curves for frequencies between 10 kl Iz and 30 Ml Iz.
15. Recommandation ITU-R BS. 1615-1 (05/20) 1 ), Planning parameters" Ibr digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series, Broadcasting service (sound).
16. Report ITU-R BS.2I44 (05/2009). Planning parameters and coverage for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service (sound),
17. Fundamentals of radio frequency spectrum management. T.3: Frequency planning of broadcasting and mobile networks. Automation of radio frequency spectrum management / Ed. M.A. Bvkhovsky. M .: KRASAND. 2012.-368 p.
18. Recommendation ITU-R BS-1514-2 (03/2011). System for digital sound broadcasting in the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz.
19. Kovagin Yu.A., Santos Virgilio. The influence of the operating modes of the DRM transmitter on the quality of transmission of audio content in the low and medium frequencies // Proceedings of communication educational institutions, 2019. Vol.5. No, 1, pp. 20-27.
20. Santos Virgilio Mateus Joao Dos. Accounting for noise levels at frequencies below 30 MHz when calculating zones maintenance of DRM transmitters // Informatization and communication. 2018, No. 5, pp. 22-30.
ПРОЕКТИРОВАНИЕ СЕТЕЙ ЦИФРОВОГО РАДИОВЕЩАНИЯ В ФОРМАТЕ DRM НА ЧАСТОТАХ НИЖЕ 30 МГЦ
Сантуш Виржилио Матеуш Жоао Душ, г. Маланже, Ангола, [email protected] Ковалгин Юрий Алексеевич, Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч Бруевича, г. Санкт-Петербург. Россия, [email protected]
Аннотация
Рассмотрен метод проектирования сетей цифрового радиовещания (ЦРВ) в диапазонах низких и средних частот, основанный на использовании данных международного союза электросвязи (МСЭ). Метод учитывает требуемое качество передачи аудиоконтента и фактическое распределение по территории уровней максимальных шумов, превышаемых в течение 2% времени передачи. Иллюстрация предложенного метода проектирования сети ЦРВ на частотах ниже 30 МГц выполнена на примере территории республики Ангола.
Ключевые слова: цифровое радиовещание, цифровое звуковое вещание, сети цифрового вещания, построение сетей цифрового радиовещания, DRM, качество передачи аудиоконтента, распределение максимальных уровней радиошума на территории Республики Ангола, низкие (LF) и средние (MF) частоты.
Литература
1. ETSI ES 201 980 V4.I.I (2014-01) Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM); System Specification.
2. European Telecommunication Standard ETSI ES 201 980 v3.I.I (2009-08), Digital Radio Mondial (DRM) System Specification.
3. System for digital sound broadcasting in the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz. ITU-R BS.I5I4-I. International Telecommunication Union, 2001.
4. Recommendation ITU-R BS.I6I5 (05/20II). Planning parameters" for digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service (sound).
5. Report ITU-R BS.2I44 (05/2009). Planning parameters and coverage for Digital Radio Mondiale (FRM) broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service (sound).
6. National Radio Systems Committee. NRSC-5-C/In-band/on channel Digital Radio Broadcasting Standard, September, 20II. 53 p.
7. ETSI ETS 30040I. Radio Broadcasting System; Digital Audio Broadcasting (DAB) to mobile, portable and fixed receivers, May I997.
8. Kovalgin YuA., Vologdin E.I., Katznelson L.N. Stereophonic broadcasting and sound recording: Textbook for universities Ed. Professor Yu.A. Kovagina. M.: Горячая линия - Телеком, 20I4. 720 с.
9. Kovagin Yu.A., Myshyanov S.V. Evolution of the DAB digital broadcasting system recommended by ITU-R for use in the I74-240 MHz VHF frequency band. Part I // Broadcasting "Television and Radio Broadcasting. 20I6. № 8. С. 33-36.
10. Kovagin Yu.A., Myshyanov S.V. Evolution of the DAB digital broadcasting system recommended by ITU-R for use in the I74-240 MHz VHF frequency band. Part 2 // Broadcasting "Television and Radio Broadcasting. 20I7. № I. С. 26-29.
11. Varlamov O.V. Features of the frequency-territorial planning of broadcasting networks DRM bands LF and MF // T-Comm: Телекоммуникации и транспорт. 20I3. №9. С. 43-46.
12. Varlamov O.V. Correct planning of DRM broadcasting networks. Telecommunication. 20I4. № 6. С. 26-34.
13. Варламов О.В., Варламов В.О. Distribution of Maximum Levels of Atmospheric Radio Noises in the Low-Frequency and Medium-Frequency Bands over the Territory of the Earth // Наукоемкие технологии в космических исследованиях Земли. 20I7. Т. 9. № 5. С. 42-5I.
14. Recommendation ITU-R BS.368-9.Ground-wave propagation curves for frequencies between I0 kHz and 30 MHz.
15. Recommendation ITU-R BS.1615-1(05/201 I).Planning parameters" for digital sound broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz. BS Series. Broadcasting service.
16. Report ITU-R BS.2I44 (05/2009). Planning parameters and coverage for Digital Radio Mondiale (DRM) broadcasting at frequencies below 30 MHz.
BS Series. Broadcasting service.
17. Fundamentals of radio frequency spectrum management. Т.3: Frequency planning of broadcasting and mobile networks. Automation of radio frequency spectrum management / Ред. M.A. Быховский. M.: КРАСАНД, 2012. 368 с.
18. Recommendation ITU-R BS-1514-2 (03/2011). System for digital sound broadcasting in the broadcasting bands below 30 MHz.
19. Kovagin Yu.A., Santos Virgilio. The influence of the operating modes of the DRM transmitter on the quality of transmission of audio content in the low and medium frequencies // Proceedings of communication educational institutions. 2019. Vol.5. No. 1, pp. 20-27.
20. Santos Virgilio Mateus Joao Dos. Accounting for noise levels at frequencies below 30 MHz when calculating zones maintenance of DRM transmitters // Informatization and communication. 2018. No. 5, pp. 22-30.
Информация об авторах:
Сантуш Виржилио Матеуш Жоао Душ, г. Маланже, Ангола, аспирант кафедры радиосвязи и радиовещания Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. М.А. Бонч-Бруевича
Ковалгин Юрий Алексеевич, д.т.н., профессор кафедры радиосвязи и радиовещания Санкт-Петербургского государственного университета телекоммуникаций им. проф. МА. Бонч Бруевича, г. Санкт-Петербург. Россия
T-Comm Vol.13. #4-2019
