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40УДК: 618.009.001
ASPECTS OF DRUG ALLERGY
KHATAMOVA MATLYUBA TILAVOVNA
Associate Professor of Obstetrics and Gynecology No. 2 of the Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali ibn Sino, Uzbekistan, and Bukhara ORCID 0000-0002-0279-0240 AKHMEDOV FARKHOD KAKHRAMONOVICH Bukhara State Medical Institute named after Abu Ali Ibn Sino, senior lecturer in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, PhD,
Bukhara, Republic of Uzbekistan. ORCID ID 0000-0003-0104-4980
ABSTRACT
Allergic complications of drugs, although they occur on certain drugs or their metabolites, have clear differences in their prevalence, both in frequency and clinical forms of manifestation, in age categories and sex of patients, and in certain incidence rates over periods of the year. Individual differences in this regard can be imposed on the allergic predisposition of the body based on genetic features.
Keywords: allergy epidemic, drug allergy, pharmacokinetics, liver enzymes
АСПЕКТЫ ЛЕКАРСТВЕННОЙ АЛЛЕРГИИ
ХАТАМОВА МАТЛЮБА ТИЛАВОВНА
Доцент кафедры акушерства и гинекологии №2 Бухарского Государственного медицинского института имени Абу Али ибн Сино, Узбекистан, г. Бухара ORCID 0000-0002-0279-0240
АХМЕДОВ ФАРХОД КАХРАМОНОВИЧ Бухарский Государственный медицинский институт имени
Абу Али Ибн Сино, старший преподаватель кафедры акушерство и гинекологии, PhD, город Бухара Республика
Узбекистан. ORCID ID 0000-0003-0104-4980 АННОТАЦИЯ
Аллергические осложнения лекарств, хотя они возникают на определенных лекарственных веществах или их метаболитах, но имеют четкие различия в их распространенности, как по частоте, так и по клиническим формам проявления, по возрастным категориям и полу пациентов, а также по определенной частоте возникновения за периоды года. Индивидуальные различия в этом отношении могут быть наложены на аллергическую предрасположенность организма, основанную на генетических особенностях.
Ключевые слова: эпидемия аллергии, лекарственная аллергия, фармакокинетика, ферменты печени
ДОРИ АЛЛЕРГИЯСИНИНГ ХУСУСИЯТЛАРИ
ХАТАМОВА МАТЛЮБА ТИЛАВОВНА
акушерлик ва гинекология №2 кафедраси доценти, Бухоро давлат тиббиёт институти, Бухоро, Узбекистон.
ORCID 0000-0002-0279-0240 АХМЕДОВ ФАРХОД КАХРАМОНОВИЧ акушерлик ва гинекология кафедраси катта уцитувчиси, PhD, Бухоро давлат тиббиёт институти, Бухоро, Узбекистон.
ORCID ID 0000-0003-0104-4980 АННОТАЦИЯ
Дориларнинг аллергик асоратлари маълум бир дори моддалари ёки уларнинг метобалитларига нисбатан пайдо булсада, тарцалиш даражаси, клиник белгиларнинг намоён булиши, беморларнинг ёши ва жинси, даврийлиги жицатидан бир биридан фарц цилади. Бу жицатдан индивидуал фарцлар генетик
хусусиятларга асосланган уолда организмнинг аллергияга мойил-лиги борлиги билан тушунтирилади.
Калит сузлар: аллергия эпидемияси, дори аллергияси, фармакокинетика, жигар ферментлари
The results of complex epidemiological studies in various countries of the world, carried out according to a single methodology, which makes it possible to speak about the "allergy epidemic". Thus, during each decade of the last 30 years, the incidence rates of allergies throughout the world doubled - [1, 3].
The purpose of the study: to identify aspects of allergic reactions. The results of numerous epidemiological studies in various countries of the world, conducted according to a single methodology, convincingly show a high incidence and constant increase in the incidence of allergic diseases, which makes it possible to speak of an "Allergy epidemic". For example, in every decade of the past 30 years, the incidence of allergies worldwide has doubled - [1, 3].
Progress and intensification of economic development, the emergence of new technologies and materials have not only positive consequences for humanity, but also a number of undesirable aspects, the problem of which is becoming more and more relevant. This is primarily related to the deterioration of the environmental situation and the increased use of new and, in most cases, little-studied bio-organic and other chemicals, which contributes to a sharp increase in the prevalence of allergic reactions and diseases worldwide.
Currently, allergic diseases are the third most common after cardiovascular and oncological diseases, and in some environmentally unfavorable regions they come out on top - [2]. According to forecasts, the XXI century will become the century of allergic reactions and diseases -
[4-8]. These data clearly show the scale of the Allergy problem, which has assumed the size of a global health and social problem.
The economic damage caused by drug allergies is quite high and is determined not only directly by the costs of treating patients with allergic pathology, but also by the costs that are required to change the treatment process of the main pathology that required taking drugs that caused allergic complications. If we take into account that drug allergies mainly affect the youngest, working-age population, it becomes obvious that these complications lead to huge labor losses, significant socio-economic damage, and a marked decrease in the level of health of the population as a whole.
It is believed that these reactions and diseases are based on an allergic predisposition of the body, both innate and acquired, to substances of a certain structure, when they enter the human body, even in a small amount, a cascade of immunological reactions of an allergic type is provoked. Among allergic reactions to such substances, drug Allergy is particularly relevant and severe, since pharmacological drugs are used for all diseases - [4].
Rapid development of pharmacology with the appearance of a large number of new drugs, along with the successful treatment of a number of diseases, lengthening the life expectancy of the population and improving its quality, caused an increase in the prevalence of drug allergies - [2]. The causes of drug allergies are many and each of them can be a reason for the development of practical approaches to prevent the development of allergies and can act as a predictive criterion. In addition, their analysis allows us to develop a drug-specific approach to prevention and even correction methods in cases of an allergic reaction.
A drug Allergy differs from an ordinary allergic diseases and reactions on a number of essential features: an etiological always known and drugs; an allergic reaction can occur for the take the drug and
produced in the body as a result of metabolism of these drugs, a new, mostly unknown, substances - metabolites; drug Allergy may develop as compared to other forms of Allergy, and independently, where drugs, the drug acts as a trigger of Allergy development; for the development of drug allergies is important in the identity of the medicinal product specific pharmacological group and individual characteristics of its pharmacy-kinetics. In Other words, drug Allergy is characterized by a predominance of the degree of detection of etiological causes (the reaction occurs in response to taking a specific pharmacological drug) over the degree of detection of individual characteristics of the body (changes in the parameters of drug intake and excretion, its metabolism and receptor sensitivity, both to the drug itself and its metabolites, depending on the interaction of combinations of genetic and phenotypic factors).
According to the literature, male sex hormones stimulate the synthesis of microsomal liver enzymes, which is why the elimination of certain drugs (acetaminophen, verapamil, propranolol) occurs faster in men - [5, 7]. There is clinical evidence that women are more sensitive to the effects of antiamaromics and paracetamol than men, while men are more sensitive to the effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (such as ibuprofen) - [9].
Our analysis of the frequency of allergic drug complications in Uzbekistan shows that antibiotics, analgesics and non-steroidal antiinflammatory drugs, as well as drugs that affect the cardiovascular system and gastrointestinal tract, occupy leading positions in the structure of causes - [3]. These complications depend on the gender and age of the patient. Thus, if men are more likely to develop an Allergy to analgesics in women of drugs affecting the cardiovascular system. In addition, the frequency of allergic complications to medications increases in direct dependence on age parameters. Very interesting is also the presence of
macromycete in detection of Allergy to medications depending on the periods of the year.
Allergic complications on medication, although they occur in a sensitized body, but the time of their occurrence, form and severity of clinical manifestations is almost impossible to predict. The lack of the ability to predict the likely risk of allergic complications on medications, as well as effective ways to prevent and correct them, dictates the need to search for new mechanisms and risk factors for the development of these complications.
These circumstances allow us to form two blocks of factors related to the individual characteristics of the patient for the initiation of scientific research: the first factor is characteristic of allergies in General and reflects the body's adherence to allergies: gender, age, biomaromas of the body due to periods of the year, etc.; the second - mainly determines the pharmacokinetic behavior of the drug-a potential allergen in the body, such as: susceptibility to biotransformation, pathways of metabolism, the spectrum of metabolites, their Toxicological characteristics, ETC-
The scientific and practical perspective in this area is determined by the identification of the conjugacy and interdependence of factors in both blocks, the study of which will create a real relatively accurate multi-factor criteria for the probability of developing an Allergy to taking pharmacological drugs with the identification of distinctive features of drug allergies.
Recommendations: The formation of criteria to determine the risk of developing drug allergies, taking into account the factors of the patient's body and factors related to the pharmacokinetics of the drug — allergen, opens up wide prospects for creating innovative technologies, both for predicting the occurrence, and for preventing and correcting drug allergies. This will lead to a noticeable decrease in the frequency of drug allergies, and increase the effectiveness and safety of treatment of any
diseases. Therefore, further research on the prevention and prevention of drug Allergy is very promising and in demand.
Conclusion: Therefore, allergic complications to drugs, although they occur on specific medicinal substances or their metabolites, but have distinct differences in their occurrence, both in frequency and in clinical forms of manifestation, by age categories and gender of patients, as well as a certain frequency of occurrence for periods of the year. Individual differences in this respect may be superimposed on the body's allergic predisposition based on genetic features.
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