CC BY
0APPLICATION OF ZEOLITE AS AN ADSORBENT IN OBTAINING PURE
NAPHTHEN FRACTION
i. JAFAROVA
Laboratory director tech. in Ph.D
F. ALASGAROVA, L. ALIZADA
junior researcher fellow
G. HASANOVA
engineer
X. ASGAROVA
senior laboratory assistant Institute of ecology and natural resources, ministry of science and education of the Republic
of Azerbaijan, Ganja, Azerbaijan
Summary: Among the numerous natural healing factors of Azerbaijan, Naftalan oil stands out for its originality due to its biological effects and has no analogues in the world. In order to reduce the harmful effects of production waste on the environment, it is more expedient to use it effectively. In order to protect the environment from an ecological point of view, research is being conducted on the extraction and reuse of naphthene fraction from waste. In the process of cleaning Naftalan oil and waste, zeolite, a local raw material, was used as an adsorbent. As a result of the research, it was determined that zeolites with interesting properties are of great importance in the cleaning of oil products and their waste. Studies were conducted with an adsorbent made of 100% zeolite and positive results were obtained.
Keywords: naphthalene oil, adsorbent, naphthene treatment, waste.
Among the numerous natural healing factors of Azerbaijan, Naftalan oil stands out for its originality in terms of its biological effects and has no analogues in the world. The only Naftalan oil field with its healing properties is located in the foothills of the Lesser Caucasus, 320 km from the capital Baku and 50 km southeast of the ancient city of Ganja. The healing properties of natural oil seeps to the surface have attracted the attention of the local population since the 13 th century.
Naftalan oil stands out for its originality in terms of its biological effects. Naftalan oil has a complex physicochemical composition. It is a tarry and low-sulfur, paraffin-free petroleum product. The absence of light fractions such as gasoline, kerosene, ligroin, and solid paraffin hydrocarbons in its composition distinguishes it from industrial oils.
Naftalan oil contains 50-55% naphthenic hydrocarbons, 10-15% aromatic hydrocarbons, 1415% resinous substances, 0.5-3.0% naphthenic acids, 0.3-0.7% sulfur compounds, 0.3% nitrogenous compounds and trace elements.
The fact that it contains 14% resin and forms a stable emulsion with water distinguishes it from other oils. The quantitative share of naphthenic hydrocarbons in Naftalan oil, which consists of 87.3% carbon and 12.7% hydrogen, is 50-54% and consists of 4-5 cyclic hydrocarbons included in the sterol radical. Aromatic hydrocarbons with a specific gravity of 0.930 contain 88.2% carbon and 11.8% hydrogen and are composed of mono- and bicyclic compounds.
Naphthenic oil hydrocarbon group does not have toxic properties, it has a positive effect on all physiological functions of the body. This substance has analgesic, anti-inflammatory, vasodilating, antiallergic effects. Taking all this into account, Naftalan oil has been accepted as an indispensable treatment method in many areas of medicine [1, p.122; 2, p.10-14].
When Naftalan oil is reused for treatment purposes, its therapeutic effect weakens. As a result, resorts and sanatoriums receive a large amount of Naftalan oil waste. These wastes are either
ОФ "Международный научно-исследовательский центр "Endless Light in Science"
collected in warehouses or discharged into wastewater. In order to reduce the harmful effects of production wastes on the environment, it is more expedient to use them efficiently.
In order to protect the environment from an ecological perspective, the naphthene fraction is extracted and reused from these wastes. Figure 1 shows Naftalan oil
Figure 1 Naftalan oil
In the part of Naftalan oil that is disposed of as waste, it is possible to find up to 12-20% naphthene fraction. Unlike the primary oil, the amount of water and mechanical impurities, alkali metals in its waste is 40-50%. For this purpose, a technology for separating biologically active compounds from the composition of Naftalan oil has been developed. The reagents used consist of local raw materials and are quite inexpensive [3, p.118-122; 4, p.2].
Table 1 shows the physicochemical properties of Naftalan oil used in our research.
Table 1
Physico-chemical indicators of therapeutic Naftalan oil
Indicators Naftalan oil
Density, 200 C-da, kq/m3 941-961
Irradiance coefficient, 200C 1,45-1,47
Kinematic viscosity, 200C, mm2/s 20,459
Amount of water, % kutla 0,15-31,0
Freezing temperature, 0C From +1 to -180C-
pH 6,24
Initial boiling point, 0C 212-265
Adsorbents are used to remove biologically active compounds from waste. Adsorbents are characterized by being artificial and natural. Natural clays, natural aluminosilicates, activated carbon, zeolite, and bentonite are widely used as adsorbents.
In our research, zeolite, which is a naturally occurring, local raw material extracted from the Aydag deposit of the Tovuz region, is used as an adsorbent. The size of the adsorbent particles used is a great disadvantage in the adsorption process. The processes of the extremely small state of the adsorbent particles.
The zeolite mineral, which has a stone nature in Greek and more than 40 new ones in nature, is constantly in the focus of researchers due to its unique properties.
The wide and effective application areas of zeolites are explained by the complexity of their structure. Zeolite mineral is a natural aluminosilicate, a crystalline substance with a tetrahedral structure, a lattice structure with four oxygen atoms around one cation.
Figure 2 Natural zeolite mineral
Figure 3. Zeolite mineral used as a sorbent
Figure 2 shows a natural zeolite mineral, and Figure 3 shows zeolites of various sizes used as sorbents.
It contains water molecules, metal cations, NH+, etc. The most important properties of zeolites are their adsorbent and ion exchange properties. The chemical composition is generally given by the formula: M2/no(AhO3)x(SiO2)y*zH2
Zeolite mineral is extracted and processed naturally. Zeolite was first used in the purification of gases and petroleum products.
Later, it was found that they have high adsorption-ion exchange reactions and unique properties, and their application area has expanded significantly. Zeolite is also widely used in the purification of polluted water, food products, and soil in the environment. Zeolite is of great importance in the purification of petroleum products and their waste, and in the removal of toxins from living organis
In addition to zeolite, it is used as a sorbent to remove substances of external, internal and endogenous origin that affect human health from the body.
The size of the pores of the adsorbent used in the purification process of naftalan oil and its waste poses a particular threat. The depth of purification and the results obtained from the selective dimensions. Since it is wide in the zeolite mineral, both micropores and mesopores show fully active adsorbent properties [5, p.247-257; 6, p.79-83].
Zeolites are porous homogeneous crystals made of alternating individual AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra. If the size of the adsorbent molecule is smaller than the size of the windows separating the channels in the zeolite structure, the zeolite can adsorb that substance. Otherwise, the substance is not adsorbed by the zeolite.
Zeolites are porous homogeneous crystals made of alternating individual AlO4 and SiO4 tetrahedra. If the size of the adsorbent molecule is smaller than the size of the windows separating the channels in the zeolite structure, the zeolite can adsorb that substance. Otherwise, the substance is not adsorbed by the zeolite.
The high adsorption capacity of the adsorbent prepared on the basis of 100% Zeolite raw material is due to the fact that micropores in its crystal lattice, with dimensions of 0.3-1 nm, cover up to 50% of the volume of the lattice. The dimensions of these pores, like molecular sieves, ensure the selectivity of sorption of various molecules. Even if the difference in the sizes of molecules is in the range of 10-20 nm, it is possible to separate them in the pores included in the zeolite crystal lattice.
The process of cleaning Naftalan oil waste from harmful compounds is carried out in three stages. These include demulsification, detarnishing by adsorption method and solvent separation.
An adsorption column is used to precipitate resin and aromatic substances from Naftalan oil waste separated from water and mechanical mixtures and to separate biologically active compounds.
The dried adsorbent is poured into the column after filter paper is placed. In the process of cleaning Naftalan oil, zeolite, a natural raw material, was used as an adsorbent [7, p.5; 8, p.1; 9, p.1].
The chemical composition of the zeolite used in our studies was determined using an X-ray fluorescence microscope, and the elemental composition was determined using a Foster Fereman laser-induction spectrometer.
These indicators are reflected in Table 2.
Table 2
Chemical and elemental composition of zeolite
1. Chemical recovery 2. Amount of elements in oxide form, % mass
Na2O MgO Al2O3 SiO2 K2O CaO TiO2 MnO2 Fe2O3
0.83 1.01 11.4 63.31 3.15 10.07 0.96 0.14 9.13
Element structure 3. Elements, mq/kq
K Ca Ti Fe Co Zn As Rb Sr Zr Mo Ba
10485 563 2211 10178 141 15 - 10 124 145 - 211
Zeolites were first used in the purification of gases and petroleum products, and over time, due to their unique (miraculous) properties with a high level of adsorption - ion group reactions, the areas of application of zeolites have expanded significantly.
The indicators of zeolite taken as an adsorbent: D420 g/cm3 - 1.1056, ND20 - 1.3328, PH (5% suspension) -7.29, water absorption - 20.50%. Hexane with a low boiling point is used as a solvent. The yellowish solution at the outlet of the column is separated, and the darker solution is separated by weig
The light yellow color of the naphthene fraction obtained from the purification of Naftalan oil from biologically active compounds by the adsorption method using natural zeolites as an adsorbent indicates that its components are adsorbed on the active surface of the adsorbent. This process is subject to the laws of adsorption in the liquid-solid interface.
Finally, the physicochemical parameters of the naphthene fraction were determined.
Table 3
Physical indicators of naphthenic diseases
№ Naphthene fraction Nd20 D420 q/sm у - mm2/s PH
1 Naphthene fraction N-1 1,4846 1,3506 17,612 4,13
2 Naphthene fraction N-2 1,4716 1,1614 15,334 4,25
3 Naphthene fraction N-3 1,4960 1,3414 16,463 3,89
4 Naphthene fraction N-4 1,4824 1,3122 17,271 4,26
According to the results given in Table 3, the yield of the obtained Naftalan oil, which has positive physicochemical parameters, is 12-15% by mass, and the refractive index is nD20- 1.4846.
The obtained result shows that by using zeolite, which is a natural raw material, as an adsorbent in the purification technology of therapeutic oil, the economic efficiency of the process can be further increased. The obtained naftalan oil can be used both in the medical field - in the preparation of creams and medicines for the treatment of skin diseases, and in the preparation of cosmetics.
LITERATURE
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2. Aliyev, F.Y. Biologically active substances of natural resources of Azerbaijan and their use/ Aliyev, F.Y Mammadov E.N. // Science publishing house. Ganja - 2005. - p. 10-14.
3. Adjamov, K.Y Technology of preparation of catalysts and adsorbents / K. Y. Adjamov, N. N. Bagirov, S. A. Mamedkhanova, E. A. Guseinova.// - Baku: Elm, - 2011. - p 118-122. - Text: direct.
4. Aliyev, F.Y Cleaning of naphthalene oil waste from carcinogenic compounds : Proceedings of VIII Baku International Mammadaliyev Conference / F.Y.Aliyev, G.M.Imamguliyeva, I.A.Jafarova // international conference - Baku - 2012. - p 2. - Direct text
5. Nadzhafova, G. E. Physicochemical properties of medicinal fractions of Naftalan oil / G. E. Najafova. - Text: directly // Azerbaijan Chemistry Journal. - 2013. - No. 3. - P. 247-257.
6. Alasgarov, I.A Zeolites with amazing properties / Alasgarov I.A., Alakbarov N.M., Nagiyev N.Q - Text: direct // Ganja State University, Scientific News, - 2014, No. 2, - P. 79-83
7. Payra P., Dutta P.K, Zeolites : A Primer Handbook of Zeolite Science and Technology. 270 Nadison Avenue, New York, 2003, p.5
8. https://www.biobeauty.ru/news/uhod-za-volosami/chem-tsenen-mineral-tseolit-v-ukhode-za-kozhey/ (дата обращения: 09.06.2019). - Текст : электронный.
9. https://biobeauty.by/chto-takoe-tseolit-i-kak-on-rabotaet-v-naturalnoj-kosmetike.html (дата обращения: 15.08.2020). - Текст : электронный.
