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Section 11. Philology
Mustafina Gulzhan Kanapievna, c. p.sc., associate professor and Nikambaeva Saule Serikposynovna, Suleymanova Svetlana Aynadievna. the senior teachers, Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, the Faculty of Philology, Literature and world languages E-mail: gulzhan_5657@mail.ru
Anglicisms in the names of popular professions (on the material of Kazakhstani press)
Abstract: The article is devoted to English borrowings in the names of popular professions advertized in Kazakhstani press. With a growing role of globalization in the world, it is impossible to stop the spread of English and its influence on other languages. The enrichment of the Kazakh language by foreign words will continue along the process of further integration of Kazakhstan into the global community. The article is aimed to analyse the specific functions of anglicisms in the Kazakhstani media and the study of their use in area of professional activity.
Keywords: Kazakhstani press, global community, anglicisms, country competitiveness, loanwords.
Although a variety oflanguages are spoken all over the world, English is an important language to know. It has become the language of communication, sciences, business, technology, newspapers, television and, therefore, anglicisms have entered many languages. An increasing number of English loanwords are being exported into the Kazakh language as well, since the fall ofthe Soviet Union and the development in modern technology have caused a flood of English words to enter the language. Kazakhstan citizens began to feel that active participation in the globalised world is impossible without good knowledge of English. During the last years of the development and establishment of the Republic there appeared not only new professions with new names, borrowed from English, but the old names of professions have a new color because of English loanwords or anglicisms.
Even though anglicisms are becoming more widespread, some scientists are still standing strong against them. They warn of language absorption of minor cultures by the dominating language (the invader-tongue). In accordance with some pessimistic points of view, there might be “a war” between languages, which finally might lead to the fact that national cultures will be destroyed, cultural identify will totally disappear. Opponents of English borrowing, such Russian writers as Solzhenitsyn A. I., Mikhailov A. V., linguistic scholars — Karaulov N. V., Zemsky E. A., Uluhanov S. A., and others believe that anglicisms, penetrating into the language through the mass media, the Internet, and marketing industry, negatively effect on all people. They warn that due to the implementation of anglicisms, Kazakh and Russian people will lose their national identity.
On the contrary, many scientists, such as Livshits T. N., Milan D. Milanovic and Ana Milanovic, Sabitova Sh. A. and many others support the idea that anglicisms and other borrowings are useful for any language and are inevitable, as language is a living organism that lives, develops and borrows words from other languages. Supporters see any changes in the language as a natural process which cannot be stopped.
Kazakh language is the state language in our home country, but the Russian language still holds a strong position in the Republic. It has a status of an official language, the language of international communication, and it continues to perform important social and humanitarian functions. Besides, in accordance with the modern requirements and globalization, more priority is given to the English language. That is why the President of Kazakhstan, Nursultan Nazarbayev, put forward the cultural program “The Trinity of languages: Kazakh, Russian, English” the realization of which was underlined as a separate direction of the state internal policy and it is considered as a condition of the strengthening of social compliance and evidence of the country competitiveness [4].
English loanwords or anglicisms are widely used in various fields of human activity, such as culture, sports, politics, economics, in computer and information technology. It should be noted that in modern advertising newspapers and internet sites of employment there is a wide use of anglicisms in the names of occupations and services. Nowadays, an ordinary person, opening the newspaper with j ob offers may simply not understand the meaning of the suggested job (кедди, хэндмейкер, мерчендайзер, провайдер, риэлтор, клинер, фрилансер, etc.).
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Anglicisms in the names of popular professions (on the material of Kazakhstani press)
In Kazakhstani labor market there are quite many previously unknown professions, such as кофе-леди (кофе-бой) — a person whose duty is buying the required product, making coffee, tea, flavored drinks, fruit cocktails and service of offices in large holdings and companies. A new profession is хостес (hostess) — a person who works in restaurants, lounges, coffee shops, and other eating establishments. He/she is responsible for making reservations, greeting guests as they arrive, and seating guests when their tables are ready.
As golf became popular in our country, it required a new profession in Kazakhstan — кедди (English caddy and American caddie) — a person who carries a player’s bag, and gives insightful advice and moral support.
We have studied advertisements in order to identify recent anglicisms within the 62 publications containing 269 examples of the use of anglicisms mostly advertised on the following web sites: http://zhumys.kz/, www. rabota.kz/and advertising newspapers “Vacansiya”, ”Rabota”,”Srochno trebuetsya”, “Predlagaem rabotu”, “Trudoustroistvo”. On the basis of the analysis of the advertisements on the investigated theme, we have identified the following areas of anglicisms in the names of professions:
1. Economy and business.
2. Information technologies.
3. Art and fashion;
4. Sport and tourism.
5. In the political life as a result of globalization and changes in the political and social views, greater openness of the Kazakh society. These areas are undergoing the greatest inflow of borrowing.
1. English loanwords in the sphere of economy and business:
Коучер (coach) — our definition of a Job Coach refers to support for both the worker and the employer to foster a fit into a skilled career. They mentor new workers and provide support and connections to both employee and employer.
Аналитик (analytic) collects, organizes and make analysis, reviews and forecasts in various fields of employment.
Дистрибьютор (distributor) directs the actual distribution or movement of a product or service to the customer. Coordinates sales distribution by establishing sales territories, quotas, and goals and establishes training programs for sales representatives. Analyzes sales statistics gathered by staff to determine sales potential and inventory requirements and monitors the preferences of customers.
Промоутер (promoter) demonstrates and provides information on promoted products/services. Create a positive image and lead consumers to use it
Фрилансер (freelancer) is someone who is self-employed and is not in a long-term contractual commitment to any one employer. The most common freelance jobs include writing, editing, photography, web design, graphic arts or computer programming. Freelancers make their money selling their work to a clients rather than being employed by a business. It is a part time job.
Мерчендайзер (merchandiser) is an expert on product promotions in retail trade. He works in a retail setting to assure that a company’s products are properly presented to customers to maximize product sales.
Бебиситтер (babysitter) instead of traditional няня — babysitter responsibilities vary widely from job to job depending on the age of the children, their specific needs and the particular requirements set by the parents. For younger children, responsibilities may include diaper changes, feeding, and holding; on the other hand, babysitting older children may involve driving them to soccer practice or helping them with their homework.
Хедхантер — (head-hunter) — finding talented people that would be the best to work for your clients.
Nowadays innovative technologies firmly take place almost in all spheres of life. Computers are used everywhere, from the storage of archives and ending the automatic control program of different machines in factories. Software development, technical support, information security — each direction of the IT sector requires skilled professionals. There are most popular professions in the sphere of information technologies:
2. Information technologies:
Пиар — менеджер (PR — manager) — plans and conducts public relations program designed to create and maintain favorable public image for employer or client.
Веб-дизайнер (web designer) — assists in the production of websites for brands. Responsibilities include: designing and maintaining the company website, using consistent branding and colors across all company properties
Провайдер (Provider) — provides access via the Internet to anywhere in the world.
Манимемйкер (Moneymaker) — a person engaged in earning money on the Internet.
3. Art and fashion:
Арт-консультант (An art consultant) — Someone who has a good eye for interior design, and more specifically a knack for selecting the best artwork to occupy a space, should consider a career as an art consultant.
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Section 11. Philology
Consultants are hired by corporations, hotels, health care facilities, smaller businesses and private art collectors.
Скаут (Scout) is someone who identifies people with unique or valuable talents and works to recruit them.
Визажист (Visagist) makes a professional make-up.
Татуист (Tattooist) — tattooing and body art is increasingly regarded as an art form. It involves creating body adornments in the form of permanent designs or piercing’s.
The results of the study reveal that all the above-presented examples of professions from newspaper advertisements confirm once again that language is a category of time and exposed to large changes. Many of these professions have existed in the Kazakh language for a long time, but have had simple, familiar names, such as hudozhnic, суретшi, now it is designer and a well — known profession tovaroved is called мертчендайзер (merchandiser) etc.
The primary reason of borrowing such words seems to have to do with status or fashion, in that people perceive the incoming words as being more fashionable or having a higher status than equivalents in our own language might have, e. g. cleaner, manager, babysitter, etc. Another reason for borrowing is that the concept is foreign to us and that we cannot readily find an equivalent in our own language for it: фрилансер, distributor, cloud architect, moneymaker.
The next step in our research was to find out types of borrowing names of professions. We found out four types of them:
1. Completely assimilated borrowings.
2. Direct anglicisms.
3. Hybrids.
4. Composites.
I group — completely assimilated borrowings which are not felt as foreign words in the language, anglicisms,
which do exist in Kazakh language from the time of the Soviet Union and may be considered as sufficiently adapted to the system of the Kazakh language as they comprise lexical units (including affixes) which are taken over from the English language, but which quickly integrate within the system of the Kazakh language, where, over time, they receive the status of a native word: English: Director, secretary, engineer, master, mechanic, electrician, administrator. Kazakh: Директор, секретарь, инженер, мастер, механик, электрик, администратор.
II group — direct anglicisms, containing job titles which have been entering the Kazakh language for the last 10-15 years, while their true origin is in the English language. Words and phrases used in their original form, as they are found in the English language, without undergoing adaptation: promoter, coach, showman, scout, etc.
III group — hybrids — words considered to be partially integrated because their pronunciation is adapted to the phonological system of the Kazakh language, or in their pronunciation, speakers use some “English- Kazakh mixture”: IT маманы, шаштараз стилист, зтмшшк ассистент.
IVgroup — composites — anglicisms emerged as a result of compound words’ borrowing: фотодизайнер (photodesigner), имиджмейкер (image- maker), клипмей-кер (clip- maker).
And the last point of our investigation is a survey in which 40 persons from different age segments were interviewed (Table 1). According to the table the younger generation, aged between 18 and 26 uses in the speech the names of new jobs with the frequency of 90% from 100%, which suggests that young people have more access to the Internet, new innovative technologies, and use English language as a means of intercultural communication. As for the middle-aged and older generations the frequency of their use of anglicisms is about 40-50%.
Table 1. -The use of anglicisms in the names of professions
From 18-26 age From 30-42 age From 45-60 age
What modern professions do you know? 90% 70% 20%
Do you have difficulties in choosing the new professions? 10% 50% 80%
Do you use in speech the name of new professions? 90% 60% 10%
Do you know the old names of the following professions: designer, manager, merchandiser? 10% 50% 90%
Definitely the study of anglicisms is very important for many reasons. They give us an opportunity to understand how our native language has developed through the last years and to persuade young people to be part
of the change but not to forget their mother tongue. We should remember that languages are the key to the magic door behind which lies a world of other countries, other people and this is a huge world with new surprising faces.
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Interpretation problem in Literary Studies
Reference:
1. Kenzhemuratova S. K. Period of penetration of international terms into Kazakh language//Digest. Astana (Kazakhstan). 2005. - P. 10-20.
2. Roswitha Fischer and Hanna Pulaczewska, Anglicisms in Europe: Linguistic Diversity in a Global Context, Cambridge Scholars Publishing, UK. 2008.
3. Milan D. Milanovic and Ana D. Milanovic. Loans in the conditions of bilingualism//Language. Warsaw. 2007145 p.
4. Languages in the Republic of Kazakhstan. Law of RK. 2000. Astana: Foliant.
5. Krysin L. P. Loan words in modern Russian. М.: Nauka. 2002. - 54p.
6. Adilbaeva R.N and Krivoruchko A. V. The functioning of neologisms in the newspaper discourse of Kazakh-stan//Poisk. - 2007 - № 4 (1) - P. 57-61.
7. Livshits T. N. Anglicisms in the Russian language: history and prospects: Guide for foreign students, specialists in Russian philology. Vladivostok: Publishing House “Dialogue”. 2005 - 303 p.
Nikambaeva Saule Serikposynovna, Suleymanova Svetlana Aynadievna the senior teachers, Mustafina Gulzhan Kanapievna, c. p.sc., associate professor Al-Farabi Kazakh National University, the Faculty of Philology, Literature and world languages E-mail: Saule53@mail.ru
Interpretation problem in Literary Studies
Abstract: Article considers that the purpose of any professional education is achievement of professional competence of the expert, and a role in vocational training of the linguist-philologist in a fiction interpretation. Keywords: professional education, literary translation, interpretation, analysis, text culture
Никамбаева Сауле Серикпосыновна, Сулейманова Светлана Айнадиевна ст преподаватели Мустафина Гульжан Канапиевна, к. п.н., доцент, Казахский национальный университет им.аль-Фараби, факультет филологии и литературоведения и мировых языков
E-mail: Saule53@mail.ru
Проблема интерпретации в литературоведении
Аннотация: Статья рассматривает, что целью любого профессионального образования является достижение профессиональной компетентности специалиста, и именно роль в профессиональной подготовке лингви-ста-филолога в интепретации художественной литературы.
Ключевые слова: профессионального образования, художественный перевод, интерпретация, анализ, текстовая культура
Перед казахстанским обществом стоит задача: интенсификация экономических реформ, разработка и внедрение новых технологий, модернизация системы образования и т. д. Определяющим фактором решения данных задач являются кадры, профессионалы. Без вы-
пускников вузов, подготовленных к работе в новых экономических условиях, не просто имеющих запас знаний и умение их использовать, но и обладающих высоким уровнем профессиональной направленности, невозможно справиться ни с одной из упомянутых задач.
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