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№ 12 (129)
декабрь, 2024 г.
ANALYSIS OF WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF CLEANING COTTON RAW
MATERIALS FROM SMALL IMPURITIES
Timur Tuychiyev
Associate Professor, Tashkent Institute of Textile and Light Industry, Tashkent, Uzbekistan
Matluba Hamroyeva
PhD student,
Bukhara engineering technological institute, Uzbekistan, Bukhara E-mail: [email protected]
АНАЛИЗ ПУТЕЙ ПОВЫШЕНИЯ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ ОЧИСТКИ ХЛОПКОВОГО СЫРЬЯ
ОТ МЕЛКИХ ПРИМЕСЕЙ
Туйчиев Тимур Ортикович
доцент,
Ташкентский институт текстильной и легкой промышленности,
Республика Узбекистан, г. Ташкент
Хамроева Матлюба Фармоновна
аспирант,
Бухарский инженерно-технологический институт, Республика Узбекистан, г. Бухара
ABSTRACT
Identifying factors that negatively affect the quality and quantity of products at each stage of production and technical solutions to eliminate them, maintaining its initial quality indicators during the technological process of cleaning cotton, it is important to conduct scientific research in the direction of developing technologies that can reduce energy consumption, control product quality, and optimize operating modes and indicators.
АННОТАЦИЯ
Выявив факторы, отрицательно влияющие на качество и количество продукции на каждом этапе производства и технические решения по их устранению, сохранению ее исходных качественных показателей в ходе технологического процесса очистки хлопка, важно проводить научные исследования в направлении разработки технологий, обеспечивающих позволяет снизить энергопотребление, контролировать качество продукции, оптимизировать режимы и показатели работы.
Keywords: quality of products, quantity of products, pile-bladed drum, double stamping, cotton cleaner, cotton gin.
Ключевые слова: качество продукции, количество продукции, ворсовый барабан, двойная штамповка, хлопкоочистительная машина, хлопкоочистительная машина.
Introduction. In order to clean small impurities in cotton raw materials - cotton flowers, combs and leaves less than 10 mm in size, during the processing of cotton raw materials, cleaning equipment is used, the main working part of which is a pile-plate drum and a mesh surface or a grid. It should be noted that accelerating the cleaning of raw cotton, developing improved constructions, identifying new effective methods of cleaning raw cotton from small impurities, as well as activating the stationary working parts of machines are considered the urgent tasks of the cotton cleaning industry.
Research methods and equipment. Basically, the same pile-bladed drums are used in aggregates for cleaning cotton from small impurities (Fig. 1). It consists of shaft 1, disk 2, cover 3. The cover has 3 ribs, and 75 piles are welded to the center of these ribs at 150 mm steps, the number of piles in one drum is 300 [1]. The covers are fixed to the discs and to each other with bolts and nuts. In the place where they are fixed, there are flaps on the perimeter of the drum. For this reason, these cleaning drums are called pile-blade drums. The main disadvantage of these drums is the complexity of their manufacturing technology and frequent replacement due to the separation of the piles from the place where they are welded to the ribs during operation.
Библиографическое описание: Tuychiyev T.O., Hamroyeva M.F. ANALYSIS OF WAYS TO IMPROVE THE EFFICIENCY OF CLEANING COTTON RAW MATERIALS FROM SMALL IMPURITIES // Universum: технические науки : электрон. научн. журн. 2024. 12(129). URL: https://7universum.com/ru/tech/archive/item/18861
№ 12 (129)
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1-shaft, 2-disk, 3-shell, 4-pin, 5-bolt, 6-bolt, nut, washer.
Figure 1. Pile-bladed drum
Arc-shaped covers are made in press equipment using double stamping. And the piles are prepared in a special form for welding to the coating. It is also made in press equipment using stamping. After the coating is prepared, it is assembled on the drum with bolts and nuts. In these drums, the cleaning efficiency of the cleaner is limited by the degree of damage to the seeds.
A. In the research conducted by Sultanov [3], the cleaning efficiency of the machine was improved due to the improvement of the 6A-12M screw cleaner by making a new construction of the pile screw, i.e., the screw tape in the form of a sheet. However, aggregate production was not introduced due to the high probability of entanglement of raw cotton and fiber and seed damage.
Research results and discussionThe machine works as follows. The cotton falls through the feeder (1) to the pile drum (3) (Fig. 6). Fine debris is rapidly separated and falls through the holes of the mesh surface as a result of the rotation of the drum. Feeder (1) is installed between the third and fourth pile drums (3), and the thrown cotton first moves over the pile drums, and the tying process takes place. After the cleaning process, small waste falls from the mesh surfaces (4) into the waste hopper (5). The cotton cleaned from small waste passes through the brush drum (6) to the saw drum (7) to remove large impurities.
1. cotton supply roller, 2. guide, 3. pile drum, 4-mesh surface, 5-waste hopper, 6-brush drum, 7-saw drum, 8-colar grid, 9- softening brush, 10-dissolving brush drum, 11-screw.
Figure 2. Equipment for cleaning cotton from impurities
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It can be seen from the proposed scheme that as a result of moving the cotton from the upper part of the pile drums, the cotton is better crushed and then transferred to the cleaning zone, as a result of which the cleaning efficiency has been increased. In the design of the mentioned cleaner, pile drums remained unchanged. The surfaces of the transition parts between the holes 2 of the mesh surface 1 are made in the form of grooves 9, and the front side of the concave (in the direction of rotation of the pile drum) is rounded.
The radius of the concave curved surface 9 of the bridges between the holes 2 of the mesh surface 1 is chosen to be equal to the maximum radius R of the cotton seed. The curved shape of the surface of the bridges between the holes of the mesh surface allows the cotton pieces to interact with this surface to increase the contact area, causes increased friction (braking of cotton pieces), as well as the movement trajectory of the cotton piece and the interaction of the cotton seeds with the mesh, the depressions on the mesh surface can cause the cotton to be torn, but with the presence of impurities in the grooves of the mesh surface, they are added to the cotton coming in the next row, and small impurities are included in the cotton. can cause it to increase.
Experiences and data gathered during the cleaning of hard-to-clean cotton varieties used in cotton ginning enterprises showed a number of disadvantages of the currently used 1XK type cleaners, such as the working order of piled drums, the same number of rotations, the same type of cotton, moisture, initial dirtiness are absolutely not taken into account, according to the technological process, cotton passes through an average of 14-20 piled drums, but the construction of such drums is the same, although it has been shown in the work that the cleaning efficiency of any number of piled drums does not exceed 50% [7].
In world practice, piled drums are used for cleaning cotton from small impurities, only their constructions, sizes and working methods may differ [8]. According to the results of the research of foreign experts, the number of piled drums used has a great influence on the fiber
grade and appearance obtained during the technological process of seed cotton processing. Fiber grade and appearance increase dramatically when the number of pile drums increases from 1 to 7, and increases relatively slowly when the number of pile drums increases from 7 to 20, but no improvement in fiber quality and appearance is observed when more than 20 pile drums are used.
Alternatively, increasing the number of applications of pile drums increases the mechanical damage to the fiber. Experts have defined the alternative number of pile drums as 13. In the technological process, an attempt is made to reduce their negative impact on the quality of cotton as much as possible, along with the use of many working organs [9].
In the analyzed work, it was shown that the cleaning efficiency of the 1XK cotton cleaner from small impurities can be increased by reducing the distance between the piled drum and mesh surfaces along the direction of the cotton, but it is necessary to take into account the difficulty of increasing the friction and drag of cotton by changing the distance between the piled drum and the mesh surface.
In spite of the fact that the productivity of the high industrial grades of the UXK cleaning system operating in cotton ginning enterprises is 7 t/h, today their productivity has dropped to 30-40%. The SB-10 drying drum at the enterprise is used at a capacity of 7-8 t/h despite the capacity of 10 t/h, and the UXK is divided into a system of two-stream cleaning units, and their capacity is 4.0-5.0 t/h. Therefore, it leads to an increase in electricity consumption compared to processed cotton. It was found from the experiments carried out at the Saryosiyo cotton ginning enterprise to study the performance of the cotton cleaning system in one shift that when the performance of the UXK cleaning system used in the enterprise was set to the passport indicator, stoppages occurred due to jams (Table 1). During the experiments, Bux-102 selection grade, II-industrial grade, with initial dirtiness of 5.8% and moisture content of 8.6%, processed at the enterprise, were used.
Table 1.
Experimental results on the operation process of the cotton cleaning UXK system
Congestion in one shift Time taken to clear the jam, hours
Productivity, kg/h EHPHHHH fiapafiama HKKHHHH Ba y^HHHH fiapafiama Decrease in productivity, % Cleaning efficiency, %
5000 - - - - 78,6
6000 1 - 0,5 6,0 77,5
7000 2 1 1,3 15,3 70,2
From the above experiments, it was found that when the cotton was sent to the cleaner in one shift at a productivity of 5000 kg/h, there were no jams on the shift and the cleaning efficiency was 78.6%. The working efficiency of the cleaner is 6000 kg/h in a shift in the first pile drum, and the time to clear the blockage is 0.5 hours, resulted in a 6.0% drop in productivity and a 1.1% drop in cleaning efficiency, with 7,000 kg/h
productivity being reduced twice in the first drum and once between the second and third drums in a shift, 1, to remedy the situation It took 3 hours, and the cleaning efficiency was 70.2%, a decrease of 7.3% compared to the previous situation.
In the above experiments, it can be seen that the operation of both systems at the low efficiency of the cleaners leads to an additional consumption of 98.2 kW
№ 12 (129)
декабрь, 2024 г.
of electricity. Taking into account these conditions, one of the main tasks is to conduct research in the direction of reducing blockages while improving the performance of the cleaning system.
In order to fulfill the assigned task, the structure and working principle of pile drums of 1XK cleaners used in cotton ginning enterprises were analyzed and a technical solution was proposed for further scientific research. In this case, it was envisaged to solve the
problem by increasing the size of the cotton picking zone of the 1st and 2nd pile drums on the supplier's side in the cotton cleaning unit, and improving the cotton pressing with the piles. Therefore, it is solved by making multi-faceted pile drum covers and changing the length of the piles while keeping the outer diameter by reducing the diameter of the pile drum cover starting from the third pile drum towards the first pile drum.
1-stakes; 2- multifaceted coating; 3rd shaft.
Figure 3. Proposed Pile Drum Scheme
The essence of the construction is that the ginning part of the ginning machine, mounted in series on a series of pile drums, with mesh surfaces on the bottom, is supplied by two feeders. At the same time, the diameter of the cover (cylindrical part) of the pile drum increases for each subsequent drum, and the total diameters of the pile drums remain the same. As the diameter of the polygonal cylindrical part increases, the length of the piles in each subsequent drum decreases in comparison with the length of the piles of the adjacent previous drum.
Conclusion. In the proposed study, the cotton in the transfer zone swells and becomes larger in volume as the cotton is squeezed. When it comes to the first pile drum, due to its small coating, the length of the piles increases, and the spacing of the piles increases, thus reducing the clogging at high performance and increasing the cleaning efficiency. In addition, the edges of the covers improve the cleaning of the cotton under the influence of drag and impact. The pile spacing of pile drums is also considered in order to reduce jamming.
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