66ANALYSIS OF WASTEWATER CONTENT IN THE SOAP INDUSTRY
Sanjarbek Xusinbay ugli Shamuratov
Department "Food Technology", Urgench State University, sanj ar.sh@urdu. uz
Umarbek Kadirberganovich Alimov
Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry of the Academy of Sciences of the Republic of Uzbekistan, [email protected]
Anvar Nurullayevich Adamov
Department "Food Technology", Urgench State University, [email protected]
Kamilovna Saparbaeva Nasiba
Department "Food Technology", Urgench State University, [email protected]
Muborak Saparbaevna Xusainova
Department "Food Technology", Urgench State University, [email protected]
The issues of environmental protection, including wastewater treatment, are of great importance for the functioning of soap production. Soap production generates waste that must be treated before being dumped into the sewer. An important component of soap are alkalis, mainly sodium (in the production of solid soaps) and potassium (in the production of liquid and ointment soaps). Salts of alkaline earth and heavy metals in the composition of household soaps: are a harmful impurity.
Keywords: Soap stock, crude fat acid, alkali, acid waste water
INTRODUCTION
Obtaining soap in some domestic soap production is carried out in a periodic mode by loading the necessary ingredients into the digester. At the same time, the bulk of the waste generated in such industries comes from the soap shop (60%).
Soap making technology is of particular importance in the oil and fat industry. Indeed, at the last stage of alkaline refining of black oil, a pasty oily sediment is formed - soap stock. Soap stock is the main raw
ABSTRACT
material in the production of crude fatty acids (CFA), which is
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obtained on their basis of detergents, especially laundry soap, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, lubricants, glycerin, etc. But the technology of processing soap stock, especially from cotton, is very complicated. The fact is that cotton soap stock contains saponifiable (neutral fat) and unsaponifiable (waxes, proteins and dyes) substances that require special attention in technology. Since all of these substances make up a complex colloidal system of soap stock.
In this regard, there are two schemes for processing soap stock to obtain fatty acids. These are glutinous and sound modes [1]. They differ in the initial stage of processing, where in the glue method the soap stock is first subjected to saponification, and in the case of the sound method, the process includes, after saponification, a salting-out procedure (NaCl), followed by settling and the release of soapy liquor. Both methods, after the initial treatment, the saponified raw material undergoes sulfuric acid decomposition, i.e. deoxidation followed by distillation of CFA and cooking soap with addition of ingredients for the intended purpose. It should be noted that this method, in contrast to the sound method, the entire mass after saponification without sediment is transferred for decomposition. Hence it can be seen that the process as a whole is carried out in a complex alkaline-acid treatment of soap stock.
METHODS
The problem is aggravated by the fact that the sulfate content is several times higher than the maximum permissible concentration (MPC). For example, in Russia, in the enterprises of the oil and fat industry, the concentration of sulfates is 50,000 mg / l at the MPC norm of 500 mg / l. In Uzbekistan, MPC for sulfates should not exceed 250 mg / l [4, 5].
So what measures have been taken to efficiently process soap stock or utilize acidic waste water from the CFA production plant?
The work [6] presents the results of a study on the production of detergents from saponified soap stock at the enterprise JSC "Shymkentmay". Good quality detergents received. However, the issue of utilization of acid waste from soap stock processing has not been resolved here. In work [4], a reagent-free method for processing soap stock is proposed. When splitting, the ratio of water to soapstock fat should be maintained within 1: 0.55-1: 0.6, the process temperature is up to 94oC, the duration of the splitting process is 6 hours, the process is carried out in phase III and the introduction of 55-60%, based on the mass
of fat mixtures of water for each phase of cleavage, which ensure
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the production of fatty acids and glycerin of satisfactory quality. However, at the same time, the depth of fat splitting and the acid number of the obtained fatty acids is 88.87-88.94 % and acid number 177.7-178.9 mg KOH / g, respectively. Also, the consumption of sulfuric acid in acidic waters reached 15.38%. The developed approach cannot be avoided from the aggressive effects of acidic water and does not lead to its utilization.
In work [2], acidic water and lye underwent reagent-free treatment using membrane filters under ultrafiltration conditions. They also propose a method of wastewater burnout in spray dryer installations at 700-800 ° C. The author managed to prevent the intake of sulfuric acid, sulfate and sodium chloride and to obtain waste water meeting the MPC standard in terms of quality. In work [4,5], researchers propose to neutralize acidic water under CFA after the first settling with a defect with a coal composition, waste of sugar production. Clear waste water was obtained. However, the issue of utilization of secondary solid waste - sludge after disinfection has not been resolved.
The practice of processing soap stock shows that in many enterprises and studies the process is carried out using sulfuric or other mineral acids. Unfortunately, none of them fully indicates the rational utilization of acidic water before or after its disinfection.
RESULTS
About 30% of wastewater comes from the fat sump of shop No. 3 and about 10% from shop No. 1. An approximate waste collection scheme is shown in Fig. 1
Wastewater is treated by feeding it into a grease trap, which is a sectioned sump. The principle of operation of the grease trap is as follows: when the wastewater settles, the fat-soluble fraction (fat, soap) emerges. As this fraction accumulates in the upper part of the fat trap, it is removed by sucking it in with a vacuum and feeding it into the digester (shop No. 2). The temperature of the mass in the grease trap is maintained within 60-70 °C. The liquid clarified in the grease trap is then discharged into the well, from which it is directed to the city sewer.
Chemical analysis of wastewater from the soap factory before and after treatment was carried out for a number of indicators, including the determination of COD, suspended solids, fat and soap.
The composition of wastewater was determined using methods used in laboratory practice for the analysis of industrial wastewater.
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As a result of the analysis of the initial wastewater, the following data were obtained (Table 1,2). [7,8]
Fig. 1: Principal production scheme of soap production
Table 1. Indicators of waste water from the first settling process of the deoxidation plant for
saponified soap stock
Hardness Dry residue
c _, <D ST1 Chemical oxygen demand, mgO2/l meq / l mg / l Suspended substances mg / l
pH of AWW Clarity Taste Color Odour Biological oxygi demand, mgO2/ Carbonate Non-carbonate Experimental Estimated
2.0 m « T3 "Ö c 'SU c £ o Specific 380.0 947.2 56.50 108.50 140.51 134.24 6185
Hi Pi m m
Table 2. Chemical composition of waste water from the first sedimentation process of the
saponified soap stock deoxidation workshop
Cations mg/l meq / l % -eq / l Anions mg/l meq / l % -eq / l
H+ 100 100 87 Cl- 38116 1075 50
Na+ 43158 1876.46 - SO42- 48145 1003.03 47
K+ - - - NO2- 20.01 - -
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NH4+ 100 5,54 - NO3- 840 13.55 -
Ca2+ 300 15 1 CO3- - - -
Mg2+ 1824 150 7 HCO3- 3446 58.50 3
Fe3+ 0.3 0.01 - Total 2148.08 100
Fe2+ 30 1.07 -
Total 2148.08 100
DISCUSSION
According to chemical analysis data, soap production wastewater has a high degree of pollution. This is mainly pollution with organic substances, to a greater extent - with soaps. In appearance, the sample of untreated effluents is a viscous and soapy brownish liquid to the touch. When cooled to room temperature, it thickens to a paste-like state.
CONCLUSION
Research shows that it is not advisable to divert wastewater from the soap industry directly to the municipal sewage system. In our next work, we will consider the application of the process of wastewater treatment by flotation or coagulation. This way we will be able to prevent environmental pollution and land salinization.
REFERENCES
1. Guidelines for the technology of obtaining and processing vegetable oils and fats. Edited by A.G. Sergeeva. t. IV, Leningrad, 1975, p. 527.
2. Machigin. V.S. Purification of greasy wastewater by ultrafiltration and fire neutralization. Dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Technical Sciences. St. Petersburg, 2006, 376 p.
3. Usmanov R., Salikhanova D., Kuldasheva Sh., Eshmetov I., Abdurakhimov S. Cleaning of waste water for fatty production by waste of sugar production-defecate. Austrian Journal of Technical and Natural Sciences Scientific journal No. 9-10 Vienna 2018 (September-October), 82-86.
4. Usmanov R., Eshmetov I., Salikhanova D., Agzamova F., Eshmetov R., Sharipov A. Physical-Chemical Properties of Thermoactivated Defecate for Purification of Acid Waste Waters // International Journal of Innovative Technology and Exploring Engineering (IJITEE) ISSN: 2278-3075, Volume-9 Issue-2, December 2019, 11841186.
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5. Olzhataev B.A., Aydar U.T., Utelbaev B.T., Turekulov E.T. Technology of obtaining liquid detergents from soap stock of JSC "Shymkentmay". Chemical industry today, 2004, no. 35-37.
6. Ravshanov D.A., Kadirov Yu.K. On the issue of processing technology for cotton soap stock. Collection of scientific articles of the 5th All-Russian scientific and technical conference with international participation. Progressive technologies and processes, Kursk September 27-28, 2018, 206-211.
7. ShamuratovS., Baltayev U., AlimovU., Namazov Sh.,KurambaevS., Ibadullaev B. Utilization process research of the soap industry acid waste water with high carbonate phosphorite of central Kyzylkum.// E3S Web of Conferences 264, 04079 (2021) https://doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/202126404079 CONMECHYDRO -2021.
8. ShamuratovS., Baltayev U., AlimovU., Namazov Sh.,KurambaevS., Ibadullaev B. Composition and properties of sulphophosphate suspension from neutralized waste water of soap production.// Uzbek chemical journal 2022, № 1, 16-23
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