CC BY
11
UDC 633; DOI 10.18551/rjoas.2023-11.19
ANALYSIS OF DRY LAND FARMING USING DIVERSIFIED AND INTEGRATIVE PEOPLE'S RUBBER PLANTATION BUSINESS SYSTEM FOR LARGE CHILI, TOMATO AND GOGO RICE CROP PRODUCTION IN TABALONG REGENCY, INDONESIA
Soleh*, Hamdani, Ikhsan Sadik
Study Program of Agricultural Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lambung Mangkurat, Banjarbaru, Indonesia *E-mail: [email protected]
ABSTRACT
The area of rubber plantations in Tabalong Regency is 69,505 ha spread across 12 districts, 28.43% of the area of South Kalimantan rubber plantations which reached 244,421 ha. There are two rubber planting patterns, namely a single planting distance of 6 m, a distance between rows and 3 m, a distance between plants with a rubber population of 550 plants, while the SUPRADIN pattern, a double planting distance, a distance between double rows of 18 m, narrow rows of 2 m, and between plants of 2.5 m with a plant population of 400 / ha. Annuals that are intercropped from the SUPRADIN rejuvenation model in rubber plants in Tabalong Regency are gogo rice plants and tomato plants. Gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies are crops that very suitable for planting in highland areas, so this is in accordance with land conditions in the Tabalong Regency area. The purpose of this study is to analyze the cost, income and profit structure, as well as the feasibility of farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies as interstitial crops in dry land in the SUPRADIN (Diversified and Integrative People's Rubber Plantation Business System) pattern in Tabalong Regency. Based on the results of the study, it shows that the amount of gogo rice farming issued by rubber farmers in the SUPRADIN pattern is IDR 9,312,447 / ha, with an income of IDR 13,662,540 / ha, and a profit of IDR 6,841,930 / ha. In tomato farming, the farming costs incurred amounted to IDR 34,195,357 / ha, with income of IDR 54,726,372 / ha, and the profit amounted to IDR 34,599,528 / ha. Meanwhile, the cost of large chili farming is IDR 43,977,327 / ha, with income of IDR 97,258,483 / ha, and profits of IDR 74,392,969 / ha. In addition, in terms of feasibility, gogo rice, tomato and large chili can be said to be worth cultivating. The RCR value of large chili farming is 2.69, meaning that every IDR 1 of farm costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.69. The RCR value of tomato farming is 2.03, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.03. While the RCR value of gogo rice farming is 1.76, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 1.76.
KEY WORDS
Chili, farming, gogo rice, SUPRADIN, tomato.
Constraints and opportunities for the development of rubber intercropping technology -food crops in an effort to increase farmers' income and food production in a sustainable manner, several aspects need to be seen. One aspect that is of concern in this case is changing the single planting distance system (JT) to double planting distance (JG) so that the open space between rubber plants is wider to plant food crops as interstitial crops. In the area between JG system rubber plants, food crops are easier to get sunlight, temperature, and water, but the rubber plant population is slightly reduced, so latex yields are also relatively reduced compared to JT system rubber plants.
Intercropping rubber with annuals technically benefits the growth of rubber plants and economically supports the increase in rubber farming income. The main considerations in this intercropping are choosing a suitable intercropping system, market channels, labor availability
and security. The main purpose of intercropping is to increase the frequency of farmers' visits. In plantation crops, the more visited, the more successful it will be.
Intercropping is carried out in rubber rejuvenation with a single planting distance can only be done 1-2 years, after the third year only certain plants can because the rubber crown is closed. Research experience of Rubber Research Center and farmers shows that intercropping makes soil organic content high because the remaining annuals become organic fertilizer. Fertilization in annuals also has a good effect on rubber because it is fertilized.
The rubber center has conducted research on intercropping rubber with pineapple, sweet corn, cayenne pepper, soybeans, gogo rice, corn, sorghum, peanuts, peanuts, bananas, long beans. While in the third year intercropping can still be done with shade-resistant plants, namely turmeric, ginger, cardamom and what is popular now porang. Meanwhile, if rubber intercropping with annuals if you want to do permanently, the rejuvenation method chosen is with double planting spacing. The open area with this system is large enough so that tillage must use agricultural machinery. The rubber population itself reaches 400 sticks / ha.
In this pattern, the Rubber Center has intercropped rubber with bananas, sugarcane as well as annual oil palm and cocoa crops. Meanwhile, Musi Rawas farmers intercrop rubber with corn, sugarcane and chili. Farmers in Tanah Laut and Tabalong intercrop rubber with gogo rice, chili and corn. Farmers in Muba intercrop rubber with gambier.
Rubber rejuvenation with a SUPRADIN pattern or double pattern will be more profitable for farmers to develop interstitial crop business to get results before rubber staple crops produce at the age of 4-5 years. after rubber crops production and plant growth reach 10-20 years in between - the strait of plants can still be planted interstitial crops for farmers' income with the term perennial land for business because the SUPRADIN pattern with the size of the planting distance is 2x2.5x18 M. This 18-meter branch will be used for unlimited interchangeable plants.
The area of rubber plantations in Tabalong Regency is 69,505 ha spread across 12 districts, 28.43% of the area of South Kalimantan rubber plantations which reached 244,421 ha. There are two rubber planting patterns, namely a single planting distance of 6 m, a distance between rows and 3 m, a distance between plants with a rubber population of 550 plants, while the SUPRADIN pattern, a double planting distance, a distance between double rows of 18 m, narrow rows of 2 m, and between plants of 2.5 m with a plant population of 400 / ha.
Annuals that are intercropped from the SUPRADIN rejuvenation model in rubber plants in Tabalong Regency are gogo rice plants and tomato plants. Gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies are crops that are very suitable for planting in highland areas, so this is in accordance with land conditions in the Tabalong Regency area.
Rice plants can grow well in the South Kalimantan region. Likewise, chili and tomato plants, which are found in tropical regions such as in Indonesia, these plants have a relatively short lifespan, so they are suitable for research. According to (Wijayani & Widodo, 2005) tomato varieties are relatively many, including Ratna, Diamond, Pearl, Bonanza, Intan, Kaliurang 206 and others.
Based on the description above, and considering that the Tabalong Regency area has a relatively large rubber plantation area so that it has the potential to implement the SUPRADIN pattern (Diversified and Integrative People's Rubber Plantation Business System), research is needed on the analysis of dry land use farming in rubber rejuvenation land SUPRADIN pattern (diversified and integrative people's rubber plantation business system) large chili plant business, tomatoes and gogo rice in Tabalong Regency.
METHODS OF RESEARCH
This research will be carried out on rubber rejuvenation land owned by farmers in Tabalong Regency. The preparation and implementation of this research will be carried out from
October 2022 to March 2023. Data processing and report making will be carried out from April to May 2023.
There are two types of data used in this study, namely primary data and secondary data. What is meant by primary data is data obtained from direct interviews with farmers who are research samples. Meanwhile, what is meant by secondary data is data obtained based on institutional literature studies and related agencies in this study, such as the Central Bureau of Statistics of Tabalong Regency, the Tabalong Regency Agriculture Office, the Tabalong Kabuoaten Plantation Office, the District Extension Center (BPK) and other related agencies.
The method of drawing examples in this study was carried out through several stages. These stages consist of determining the sub-district area, determining the village, and then determining the research sampling unit. The sampling determination process is carried out as follows:
• First stage: choose 4 sub-districts (Bintang Ara District, Muara Uya District, Haruai District and Jaro District). These sub-districts were chosen with consideration, because the 4 sub-districts are sub-districts that carry out rubber rejuvenation with the SUPRADIN pattern (Tabalong Regency Plantation Office, 2022);
• The second stage: selecting villages that carry out rubber rejuvenation with the SUPRADIN pattern in the 4 sub-districts. The villages that carry out rubber rejuvenation with the SUPRADIN pattern with annuals cultivated in the form of tomatoes, gogo rice and large chilies are Usih Village and Argomulyo Village located in Bintang Ara District, Ribang Village located in Muara Uya District, Bongkang Village and Wirang Village located in Haruai District, and Solan Village located in Jaro District;
• The third stage selects a sample of farmers who carry out rubber rejuvenation with the SUPRADIN pattern as a sampling unit. The determination of rubber farmer samples is by simple random sampling with the number of samples taken by 150 farmers from 840 farmers who have implemented this SUPRADIN pattern. The number of 150 farmers sampled was taken in proportion to each selected village.
Table 1 - The arrangement of the number of research samples
No District Village Gogo Rice Population Tomato Big Chili Gogo Rice Sample Tomato Big Chili
1 Ara Star Agromulyo 100 50 35 18 9 6
2 Usih 46 28 29 8 5 5
3 Uya Estuary Ribang 28 79 58 5 14 11
4 Haruai Bongkang 23 47 47 4 8 9
5 Wirang 33 50 46 6 9 8
6 Spring Solan 50 28 63 9 5 11
Total 280 282 278 50 50 50
Data analysis used to answer the first objective is to analyze the cost, income and profit structure of farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies carried out by tabulation and calculation processes. Tabulation and calculation process using Microsoft Office Excel 2021. To find out the costs used in farming, identification of the types of costs used is carried out. All expenses from the farming process are also called the total cost of farming. The formula for the total cost of farming is as follows (Kasim, 2006):
TC = TCe + TCi
Where:
• TC: Total Cost of Farming (IDR);
• TCe: Total Explicit Cost of Farming (IDR);
• TCi: Total Implicit Cost of Farming (IDR).
Explicit costs are costs incurred in cash or real by farmers in farming activities. Explicit farming costs such as land rental costs, purchasing seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, wages for non-family labor, equipment depreciation costs, and others. The explicit cost of farming can be calculated using the following formula (Kasim, 2006):
TCe = JXi . Pi
Where:
• X i: Number of uses of i-th farm explicit inputs;
• Pi: The price of the i-th farm's explicit input.
To calculate the depreciation value of equipment used in farming using the Straight Line Depreciation Method formula. In general, the formula can be written as follows (Kasim, 2006):
A- R D = — x L
Where:
D: The amount of depreciation value every year (IDR); A: Initial purchase value (IDR); R: Estimated residual value (IDR); N: Economic life of the item (years); L: Duration of effective use of the farm (years). Implicit costs are costs that are not incurred in cash or real by farmers in agricultural activities, but only implicitly. The implicit costs of farming are such as the cost of own land, labor costs in the family, capital interest and others. The implicit cost of farming can be calculated using the following formula (Kasim, 2006):
TCi = JX in . Pin
Where:
• X i: Number of uses of i-th farm implicit inputs;
• Pi: I-th farm implicit input price.
Revenue is the multiplication between the physical amount of production and the price of the product per piece. Farm revenue is also called the value of farm production in currency. Acceptance can be calculated using the following formula (Eunuch, 2006):
TR = Y.Pand
Where:
• TR: Total Revenue (IDR);
• Y: Total farm production (kg);
• Py: Product price (IDR/kg).
Income is the income of farmers who have been reduced by explicit costs. To calculate income, the following formula can be used (Kasim, 2006):
I = TR - TCe
Where:
• I: Farm income (IDR).
Profit is the total revenue that has been reduced by the total cost of the entire farm. This farming profit can be calculated using the following formula (Kasim, 2006):
n = TR - TC
Where:
• n: Farm profit (IDR). To answer the second goal, namely analyzing the feasibility of farming, gogo rice and tomato plants as interstitial crops, it is carried out using the RCR (Revenue Cost Ratio) method. The calculation formula for the RCR (Revenue Cost Ratio) method is as follows (Soekartawi, 1995):
TR RCR =^
TC
Where: RCR - Revenue Cost Ratio; TR - Total Revenue, TC = Total Cost, and If the RCR > 1 then farming is feasible, If RCR = 1, then the Break Event Point (BEP) farm, If RCR < 1, farming is not feasible.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Explicit costs in farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies consist of the cost of using seeds, fertilizers, pesticides, depreciation of tools, and labor costs outside the family. The explanation of these costs is presented as follows.
Seeds are a factor of production that determines the production results that will be obtained by farmers. The wider the agricultural land used by farmers, the wider the seed needs that will be needed by farmers. Based on data processing, it shows that the need for gogo rice seeds per hectare is 40.12 kg with a seed price of IDR 9,000 / kg, so the seed costs incurred are IDR 361,105 / ha. While the seed requirement for tomatoes is 5.65 packs with contents per pack of 20 grams of tomato seeds and the price per pack is IDR 81,400. So that the cost of tomato seeds needed is IDR 459,666 / ha. In large chili farming requires seeds per hectare of 6.07 packs with contents per pack of 20 grams and a price per pack of IDR 100,200, thus the cost of large chili seeds is IDR 613,425 / ha.
Fertilizer serves as a production factor that supports plant growth, by supplementing the nutrients that are lacking in the soil. Through the provision of fertilizers, the production of cultivated commodities can provide better results. The fertilizer needs used in the cultivation of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies in the SUPRADIN pattern in the research area are presented in Table 2.
Table 2 - The cost of fertilizer in the cultivation of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Types of fertilizers Gogo Rice Tomato Big Chili
Per Farm per hectare Per Farm per hectare Per Farm per hectare
1 Cultivate NPK
Volume (kg) 51,25 51,23 58 200 54,32 201
Price (IDR/kg) 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500 3.500
NPK Costs 179.375 179.298 203.000 698.967 190.120 703.404
2 Urea Fertilizer
Volume (kg) 100,80 100,76
Price (IDR/kg) 3.000 3.000
Urea Cost 302.400 302.270
3 Liquid Fertilizer
Volume (L) 1,77 6,09 1,80 6,64
Price (IDR/L) 61.700 61.700 61.700 61.700
Liquid Fees 109.050 375.480 110.700 409.567
Total Cost of Fertilizer 481.775 481.569 312.050 1.074.447 300.820 1.112.970
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 2, it shows that the cost of fertilizer in large caba and tomato farming activities per hectare is greater than the use of fertilizer for gogo rice farming. The total cost of large chili farming fertilizer is IDR 1,112,970 / ha, consisting of NPK fertilizer costs of IDR 703,404 / / ha and liquid fertilizer of IDR 409,567 / ha. The total cost of tomato farming fertilizer is IDR 1,074,447/ha, consisting of NPK fertilizer of IDR 698,967/ha and liquid fertilizer of IDR 375,480/ha. Meanwhile, the cost of fertilizer in gogo rice farming is only IDR 481,569/ha, consisting of NPK fertilizer of 179,298/ha and urea fertilizer of IDR 302,270/ha.
Pesticides are used to reduce the risk of decreased production resulting from attacks from organisms that disturb staple crops, both weeds, pests and diseases caused by fungi and viruses. The use of pesticides used by farmers in this study area is presented in Table 3.
Table 3 - The cost of pesticides on the farming of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Types of Pesticides Gogo Rice Tomato Big Chili
Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha
1 Contact herbicides
Volume (liter) 1,79 1,78 1,46 5,01 1,37 5,05
Price (IDR/liter) 75.000 75.000 75.000 75.000 76.200 76.200
Contact herbicide cost 133.875 133.818 109.125 375.738 104.150 385.333
2 Systemic herbicides Volume (liter) Price (IDR/liter) Cost of systemic herbicides 2,02 80.000 161.600 2,02 80.000 161.531
3 Insecticide
Volume (bottle) 1,79 1,78 3,55 12,22 6,66 24,64
Price (IDR/bottle) 60.000 60.000 80.000 80.000 79.900 79.900
Cost of insecticide 107.100 107.054 284.000 977.865 533.200 1.972.727
4 Rodentisida Volume (bgks) Price (IDR/bgks) Cost of rodenticides 1,79 25.000 44.625 1,78 25.000 44.606
5 Fungicide 3,55 12,22 6,66 24,64
Volume (bottle) 50.000 50.000 62.300 62.300
Price (IDR/bottle) 177.500 611.166 416.700 1.541.702
Cost of fungicide
Total Cost of Pesticides 447.200 447.008 570.625 1.964.769 1.054.050 3.899.762
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 3, it shows that the need for pesticide costs per hectare for large chili plants is much greater than the pesticide costs incurred by tomato and gogo rice farmers. The cost of pesticides in large chili farms is IDR 3,899,762 / ha, consisting of contact herbicide costs of IDR 385,333 / ha, insecticide costs of IDR 1,972,727 / ha, and fungicide costs of IDR 1,541,702 / ha. The cost of pesticides in tomato farming is IDR 1,964,769 / ha, consisting of contact herbicide costs of IDR 375,738 / ha, insecticide costs of IDR 977,865 / ha, and fungicide costs of IDR 611,166 / ha. While the cost of pesticides for gogo rice plants is IDR 447,008 / ha, consisting of contact herbicides of IDR 133,818 / ha, systemic herbicide costs of IDR 161,531/ha, insecticide costs of IDR 107,054/ha, and rodenticide costs of IDR 44,606/ha.
Equipment used in_agricultural activities tends to have an economic life that can be used up to several years, so in calculating the cost it is necessary to calculate depreciation costs. The depreciation cost of equipment used in the farming activities of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies of the SUPRADIN pattern is presented in Table 4.
Based on the data presented in Table 4, it shows that the total cost incurred for depreciation costs for tools in large chili and tomato farming activities is greater than the depreciation cost of tools for gogo rice farming activities per hectare. The depreciation cost of equipment in large chili farming is IDR 5,997,917 / ha, with the largest component being the
depreciation cost of mulch. In tomato farming activities, the depreciation cost of the tool is IDR 5,518,648 / ha, with the largest component of equipment depreciation costs for the depreciation of black silver plastic mulch. Meanwhile, the depreciation cost of equipment in gogo rice farming is IDR 361,674 / ha.
Table 4 - Depreciation of tools in the cultivation of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Types of Tools Gogo Rice Tomato Big Chili
Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha
1 Sounds like 32.635 32.621 28.270 97.339 26.560 98.266
2 Gold 19.581 19.572 19.221 66.181 16.561 61.271
3 Hoes 24.473 24.463 24.013 82.682 27.073 100.165
4 Sprayer 65.270 65.242 129.680 446.513 125.400 463.953
5 Mulch 1,315,450 4.866.887 1.319.800 4.882.981
6 Boots 22.650 22.640 22.883 78.792 22.433 82.999
7 Lanjung 22.845 22.835
8 Sack 43.934 43.916
9 Glove 5.441 5.439 5.489 18.900 6.424 23.767
10 Desire 13.333 13.328
11 Sheeting 111.667 111.619 35.933 123.725 47.733 176.603
12 Arko 21.833 75.176 29.167 107.911
Total Depreciation 361,829 361.674 1.602.773 5.518.648 1.621.151 5.997.917
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Workers outside the family (TKLK) are workers who come from outside the family, who carry out activities paid with a wage value. Workers outside the family are needed in land clearing / processing, planting, weed weeding and HPT control, as well as harvesting. The cost of non-family labor in rice gogo farming activities, tomatoes and large chilies are presented in Table 5.
Table 5 - TKLK cost of farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Activities Gogo Rice Tomato Big Chili
Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha
1 Land clearing / tillage 342.000 341.853 786.800 2.709.100 757.600 2.802.960
2 Planting 408.640 408.465 786.800 2.709.100 608.400 2.250.951
3 Weeding and HPT control 813.200 2.800.000 836.800 3.095.983
4 Harvest 90.200 90.161 395.600 1.362.125 361.600 1.337.844
Total Cost of TKLK 840.840 840.480 2.782.400 9.580.325 2.564.400 9.487.738
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 5, it shows that the cost of out-of-family labor in large chili and tomato farming is greater than that of the SUPRADIN pattern of gogo rice farming. The cost of non-family labor in tomato farming is IDR 9,580,325 / ha, with a large TKLK cost, namely in weed weeding and HPT control activities. The cost of out-of-family labor in large chili farming is IDR 9,487,738/ha, with the largest TKLK costs in weed weeding and HPT control activities. The cost of labor outside the gogo rice farming family is IDR 840,480 / ha, with a large TKLK cost, namely in planting activities.
Self-owned land is not paid directly as an expense, but is still counted as an implicit cost. Based on data processing, it shows that the cost of one's own land of gogo rice per farm is larger than that of large tomatoes and chili farmers; this is because the average area of gogo rice farming is larger than tomatoes and large chili. The cost of owning land in gogo rice farming is IDR 2,501,071/ha, while the cost of owning land in tomato farming is IDR 726,071/ha, and the cost of owning large chili farming is IDR 675,714/ha.
Labor in the family (TKDK) is labor sourced from within the family whose wages are not paid directly. The activities in the cultivation of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies carried out by TKDK consist of clearing / processing land, seeding, planting, fertilizing, weeding weeds and controlling HPT, harvesting, transportation, and post-harvest. The TKDK costs of farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies of the SUPRADIN pattern are presented in Table 6.
Table 6 - TKDK cost of farming gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Activities Gogo Rice Tomato Big Chili
Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha Per UT For Ha
1 Land clearing / tillage 803.200 802.856 813.200 2.800.000 783.200 2.897.674
2 Seeding 204.800 705.165 209.200 773.996
3 Planting 956.480 956.070 813.200 2.800.000 627.600 2.321.987
4 Fertilization 244.000 243.895 408.800 1.407.575 418.400 1.547.992
5 Weeding and HPT control 482.240 482.033 1.626.400 5.600.000 1.673.600 6.191.966
6 Harvest 1.205.200 1.204.684 813.200 2.800.000 1.046.000 3.869.979
7 Transport 122.000 121.948 204.800 705.165 418.400 1.547.992
8 Post-harvest 366.000 365.843
Total Cost of TKDK 4.179.120 4.177.330 4.884.400 16.817.905 5.176.400 19.151.586
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 6, it shows that labor costs in the family incurred from large chili and tomato farming activities are greater than those of gogo rice farming. The cost of labor in the family in large chili farming is IDR 19,151,586 / ha, with the largest component of TKDK costs being weed weeding and HPT control activities of IDR 6,191,966 / ha. Labor costs in families in tomato farming amounted to IDR 16,817,905 / ha, with the largest component of TKDK costs found in weed weeding and HPT control activities amounting to IDR 5,600,000 / ha. While labor costs in the family in gogo rice farming amounted to IDR 4,177,330 / ha, with the largest component of TKDK costs found in harvesting activities amounting to IDR 1,204,684 / ha.
Interest on own capital is a cost that is not incurred directly, so it is calculated as an implicit cost. The interest rate calculated using the BI 7-Day Reverse Repo Rate (BI7DRR) is 5.75%. Based on data analysis, it shows that the interest on own capital in large chili and tomato farming activities is greater than that of gogo rice farming, this is because the capital needed for large chili and tomato farming is greater than the capital of gogo rice farming. Interest on own capital in large chili farming activities is IDR 1,213,515 / ha and tomato farming is IDR 808,939 / ha, while interest on own capital in rice gogo farming activities is IDR 143,281 / ha.
Farm income is farm revenue after deducting explicit costs. While farm profits are farm income that has been reduced by implicit costs or farm revenues after deducting the total cost of farming. Farm revenue itself is the product of physical production at the unit price of production. The income & profit of gogo rice, tomato and large chili farmers, the SUPRADIN pattern is presented in Table 7.
Table 7 - Income & profit of gogo rice, tomato and chili farming
No Description
Gogo Rice
Tomato
Per UT
For Ha
Per UT
For Ha
Big Chili
Per UT
For Ha
1 Acceptance 16.161.300 16.154.377 19.980.000 68.794.884 31.993.800 118.370.296
2 Explicit Costs 2.492.904 2.491.836 4.085.898 14.068.513 5.706.221 21.111.813
3 Implicit Costs 6.823.533 6.820.610 5.845.411 20.126.844 6.180.222 22.865.515
4 Total Farm Cost 9.316.438 9.312.447 9.931.309 34.195.357 11.886.443 43.977.327
5 Income 13.668.396 13.662.540 15.894.102 54.726.372 26.287.579 97.258.483
6 Advantage 6.844.862 6.841.930 10.048.691 34.599.528 20.107.357 74.392.969
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 7, it shows that the income and profit of large chili and tomato farming are greater than the SUPRADIN pattern of gogo rice farming. The income of large chili farming is IDR 97,258,483 / ha, tomato farming is IDR 54,726,372 / ha, while gogo rice farming is IDR 13,662,540 / ha. The profit of large chili farming is IDR 74,392,969 / ha, tomato farming is IDR 34,599,528 / ha, while gogo rice farming is IDR 6,841,930 / ha.
Farm feasibility is measured using the ratio of revenue to total farm costs (revenue cost ratio). The greater the revenue compared to the cost, the greater the RCR value. If the RCR value is greater than 1, then farming is said to be feasible. Conversely, if the RCR value is smaller than 1, then farming is said to be not feasible. Meanwhile, if the RCR value is equal to 1, then the farm is at the break-even point (BEP). The feasibility of gogo rice farming, tomato farming and large chili farming is presented in Table 8.
Table 8 - Feasibility in the farming activities of gogo rice, tomatoes and large chilies
No Commodities RCR Information
1 Gogo Rice 1,76 Proper
2 Tomato 2,03 Proper
3 Big Chili 2,69 Proper
Source: Primary Data Processing, 2023.
Based on the data presented in Table 8, it shows that gogo rice farming, tomato farming and large chili farming are worth cultivating. The RCR value of large chili farming is greater than that of tomato and gogo rice farming. The RCR value of large chili farming is 2.69, meaning that every IDR 1 of farm costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.69. The RCR value of tomato farming is 2.03, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.03. While the RCR value of gogo rice farming is 1.76, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 1.76.
CONCLUSION
The cost of gogo rice farming incurred by SUPRADIN pattern rubber farmers is IDR 9,312,447 / ha, with income of IDR 13,662,540 / ha, and profits of IDR 6,841,930 / ha. In tomato farming, the farming costs incurred amounted to IDR 34,195,357 / ha, with income of IDR 54,726,372 / ha, and the profit amounted to IDR 34,599,528 / ha. Meanwhile, the cost of large chili farming is IDR 43,977,327 / ha, with income of IDR 97,258,483 / ha, and profits of IDR 74,392,969 / ha.
Gogo rice farming, tomato and large chili farming are worth cultivating. The RCR value of large chili farming is 2.69, meaning that every IDR 1 of farm costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.69. The RCR value of tomato farming is 2.03, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 2.03, while the RCR value of gogo rice farming is 1.76, meaning that every IDR 1 of farming costs incurred provides revenue of IDR 1.76.
The advice that can be given based on the results of research that farming activities intercropping annuals (gogo rice, tomatoes and large chili) can be recommended to be applied to other farmers in the SUPRADIN pattern rubber planting, because the results of the analysis show that these commodities are worth cultivating. In addition to these recommendations, there also needs to be support for access to farming capital for farmers, considering that the cost structure incurred in seasonal farming activities is quite large, especially in large chili and tomato farms. In addition, the government still has to provide assistance either through local agricultural extension workers or in collaboration with universities. And it is also necessary to conduct further research or study, making optimization models for various combinations of seasonal farming branches that can be applied to rubber plants with the SUPRADIN pattern in Tabalong Regency.
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