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Central Asian Journal of
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AMINO ACID COMPOSITION OF WOOL FIBER I.T.Abdullazizova
Graduate student of Fergana State University O.M.Nazarov Associate Professor of Fergana State University. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.14293305
ARTICLE INFO
Qabul qilindi: 01-Dekabr 2024 yil Ma'qullandi: 05- Dekabr 2024 yil Nashr qilindi: 07- Dekabr 2024 yil
KEY WORDS
Depending on its fineness and fiber length, it is mainly used for clothing fabrics and technical textiles. Wool fiber consists mainly of protein, with up to 0.5% lipids and minerals.
ABSTRACT
Wool is a textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits and camels. As an animal fiber, wool consists of protein with a small amount of lipids. This makes it chemically very different from cotton and other plant fibers, mainly cellulose.[1 ]. Wool fiber is an important natural protein fiber with unique properties such as durability, resistance to various chemicals, moisture and elasticity.
Wool is a textile fiber obtained from sheep and other mammals, especially goats, rabbits and camels. As an animal fiber, wool consists of protein with a small amount of lipids. This makes it chemically very different from cotton and other plant fibers, mainly cellulose.[1]. Wool fiber is an important natural protein fiber with unique properties such as durability, resistance to various chemicals, moisture and elasticity. Depending on its fineness and fiber length, it is mainly used for clothing fabrics and technical textiles. Wool fiber consists mainly of protein, with up to 0.5% lipids and minerals. Wool protein is divided into three main types: proteins with a low sulfur content; proteins with high sulfur content and proteins with high tyrosine content. The following amino acids were determined in the wool (g/kg): glutamic acid-111-142; cysteine-86-131; serine- 83-108; arginine-62-91; glycine-46-86; leucine-67-79; proline-53-75; aspartic acid-55-66; threonine-54-66; tyrosine-38-63; valine-46-57; alanine-32-52; phenylalanine-25-36; lysine-27-35; isoleucine-27-32; histidine-8-13 and methionine-4,4-6,3[2,3]. This data shows that the ratio of glutamic acid and methionine, which was found in the highest and lowest amounts in wool, was 25-32:1. The following amino acids were found in the low-sulfur protein (g/kg): glutamic acid-169; leucine-102; aspartic acid-96; serine- 81; arginine-78; alanine-77; valine-64; cysteine-60; glycine-52; threonine-48; lysine-41; isoleucine-38; proline-33; tyrosine-27; phenylalanine-20; histidine-6; and methionine-6[2,3]. . The following amino acids were found in the protein with a high sulfur content (g/kg): cysteine-221-229; serine- 127-132; proline-126-128; threonine-102-111; glutamic acid-79; arginine-62-69; glycine-42-62; valine-43-53; leucine-14-34; alanine-20-29; isoleucine-17-26; tyrosine-18-21; aspartic acid-6-23; phenylalanine-5-16; histidine-7-13; lysine-6-9 and methionine-0[2,3]. The protein with high tyrosine content contains the following amino acids (g/kg): glycine-265-388; tyrosine-180-208; serine- 124-126; cysteine-
64-102; phenylalanine-27-96; proline-17-
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67; leucine-35-64; arginine-35-47; valine-0-47; threonine-0-34; alanine-0-31; aspartic acid-19-22; glutamic acid-0; isoleucine-0; histidine-0; lysine-0 and methionine-0[2,3]. Low sulfur proteins make up 60-70% of total proteins; Sulfur proteins make up 20-40% of total protein and contain very high amounts of cysteine, but no methionine at all, and high levels of tyrosine-binding proteins and high levels of tyrosine have. But it is characterized by the absence of methionine, lysine, isoleucine, histidine and glutamic acid. Keratin wool protein is synthesized at the top of the bulb, then assembled into microfibrils and matrix, and finally hardened by the formation of disulfide bonds within and between protein chains. Cysteine makes up about 10% (8.6-13.1%) of the amino acids in wool protein, in contrast to its amount in whole body proteins (1.3%). The concentration of methionine in the wool is low, about two times less than the concentration in the whole body. Methionine is present in filament proteins but not in matrix proteins. The concentration of serine is also high in wool protein, about twice as much as in the whole body. The function of serine in wool fiber is not clear. According to some assumptions, the serine hydroxyl group forms hydrogen bonds that help strengthen the fiber structure. Aromatic amino acid tryptophan and amino acid amino acids aspragine and glutamine, which are amino acid amides, have not been identified in wool fiber. The variable values of amino acids in wool fiber and protein make it necessary to study the chemical composition of wool samples obtained from domestically raised sheep.
References:
1. Braaten, Ann W. (2005). "Wool". In Steele, Valerie (ed.). Encyclopedia of Clothing and Fashion. Vol. 3. Thomson Gale. pp. 441-443. ISBN 0-684-31394-4.
2. Storm E. & 0rskov E.R. (1983) The nutritive value of rumen micro-organisms in ruminants. 1. Large-scale isolation and chemical composition of rumen micro-organisms. British Journal of Nutrition 50, 463-470.
3. Reis P.J. (1979) Effects of amino acids on the growth and properties of wool. In: Black J.L. & Reis P.J. (ed.) Physiological and Environmental Limitations to Wool Growth. University of New England Publishing Unit, Armidale, Australia, pp. 223-242.
