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18КУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЯ
ADMIRATION HIDDEN IN EPIGRAPHY Shoyimkulova M.Sh.
Shoyimkulova Makhzuna Shavkatovna - teacher of English language, DEPARTMENT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, BUKHARA ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA CITY, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: the article is devoted to consideration that Uzbek specialists have struggled to decipher the epigraphic inscriptions of medieval architecture that captivates millions of people who annually visit Uzbekistan. It is underlined that epigraphy is the most significant and spectacular part of the cultural heritage of not only Uzbekistan and the Muslim world, but also the entire global civilization.
Keywords: treasure trove, epigraphic inscription, medieval architecture.
Time has handed down a fascinating treasure trove of medieval architecture that captivates millions of people who annually visit Uzbekistan to witness the majestic ancient buildings, whose sophisticated décor is complemented by remarkable calligraphic insc riptions. Many people have wondered what these writings say and what kind of wisdom our forefathers perpetuated through them.
For centuries, many specialists have struggled to decipher the epigraphic inscriptions, and scientific debate about the correctness of the reading of the centuries-old monograms and other texts made by talented craftsmen continues even today. However, as it has been stated above, a complete deciphering of epigraphy monuments located in the ancient Uzbek land, and a publication thereof, has still not been made. The research seeking to explore and decipher the ancient inscriptions became possible thanks to the advent of Uzbekistan's independence, which reinstated the monuments' worthy place in history.
For six years, a creative group of scholars has been working painstakingly to study, decipher and restore epigraphic inscriptions destroyed by time. Today they are encapsulated in the "Architectural Epigraphy of Uzbekistan" series of albums published in Uzbek, Russian and English by Uzbekistan Today News Agency [1]. The project was launched as part of the April 6, 2011 Presidential Resolution "On Preparations for and Celebrations of the 20th Anniversary of the Republic of Uzbekistan's Independence" and Cabinet of Ministers resolutions dated June17, 2011 and April 1, 2012. In terms of the number and uniqueness of epigraphic landmarks, Uzbekistan remained the undisputed leaders in Central Asia.
As is known, epigraphy is the most significant and spectacular part of the cultural heritage of not only Uzbekistan and the Muslim world, but also the entire global civilization. Moreover, Uzbekistan is one of the world leaders in terms of the amount of architectural epigraphy. However, due to certain circumstances, these inscriptions have not been studied and published until recently. According to our estimates, only 10 percent of inscriptions on monuments of Amir Temur's era have been explored, read and partially published. Consequently, the most remarkable and significant pages of our cultural legacy remained out of the reach of science as well as our nation and visitors to our country. The research has helped to read and translate inscriptions on more than 1,500 epigraphic landmarks, which include over 200 poems, edifications, maxims, names of over 100 masters and calligraphers, 300 religious and 150 dedicatory inscriptions, 150 chronograms, 100 historical dates and around 100 edicts by rulers of the days gone by [2].
"The Architectural Epigraphy of Uzbekistan" is the only project of its kind whereby the government works to explore, collate and sum up all the architectural epigraphy found in the country, something that no country in the Muslim world has done before. It is notable that each inscription on the multitude of historical architectural landmarks in Uzbekistan conveys wise messages, exhortations, good wishes, poetic maxims and historical events that call on people to
aspire for education, enlightenment, peace and creative, which has been made the slogan of the upcoming presentation.
It is for reason that the covers of the architectural epigraphy books designed in national style feature an embossed inscription from the 14 — century Al — Hakim at — Termizi memorial complex located in Termiz in Surkhandarya region: "He who seeks knowledge is sought Paradise", which has become a symbol of the series of albums.
Each book presents dozens of similar epitaphs, maxims, appeals and calls for good. For example, the central medallion in the Usta Alim Nasafi Mausoleum at the Shahi - Zinda Complex features an epigraphic inscription in gilded letters that talks about peace: "There is no peace except in concord, no togetherness except in the Verity, no modest behavior except in forgiveness, no friendship except in fidelity."
Heightened interest and fascination by our memorials and careful attitude have led to efforts to explore them. The texts presented in the books are diverse. They include purely historical inscriptions, or gravestone epitaphs that also present samples of not only calligraphic art but also full literary and historical monuments. The creative group has studied and deciphered inscriptions on world - famous architectural landmarks such as the Shahi -Zinda Complex, the Gur Emir Mausoleum, the Amir Temur cathedral mosque, the Bibi Hanum Mosque and Registan Square in Samarkand.
Equally interesting are albums focusing on epigraphy in Bukhara, Fergana, Navai and Tashkent city that offer a wealth of interesting and valuable information.
References
1. Uzbekistan Today News Agency, founded in 2006.
2. Information digest of press of Uzbekistan # 208 Tashkent, the Republic of Uzbekistan. October
18-19, 2016.
ECOTOURISM IN UZBEKISTAN Shoyimkulova M.Sh.
Shoyimkulova Makhzuna Shavkatovna - teacher of English language, DEPARTMENT FOREIGN LANGUAGES, BUKHARA ENGINEERING-TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE, BUKHARA CITY, REPUBLIC OF UZBEKISTAN
Abstract: definitions of ecotourism are considered in the article. Also development of ecotourism in Uzbekistan is emphasized in the article. In addition interesting places for having a rest in Uzbekistan are told in the article.
Keywords: ecotourism, environment, deterioration, disbursement.
As a unique country, whose territory was home to an advanced ancient civilization and culture, Uzbekistan has huge capacities for tourism not second in its appeal to the best places in the world for leisure travel. The use of this potential is expected to be facilitated by the presidential decree "On measures to ensure accelerated development of the tourism industry in Uzbekistan" [1].
Ecotourism is currently seen as the most promising type of tourism, for its important environmental and educational value. As estimated by the World Tourism Organization (WTO), ecotourism ranks among the major strategic directions of tourism development for 2020. The share of ecotourism in the total volume of the global tourism industry has reached more than 10% in recent years, and its growth rate is two or three times higher than the rate of entire tourism industry.
Ecotourism came to light in the late 60's of the last century. The reason of keen interest in it comes to steady deterioration of environmental quality, as well as the remarkably grown environmental
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